Development Circles Research Articles

Would teaching gender as core, not boutique, move us closer to the SDG gender equality goal?

ABSTRACT The Sustainable Development Goals, through Goal 5 on Gender Equality, put gender as a focus at the heart of every endeavour. Yet with 2030 looming, across the globe, we have made insufficient progress towards gender equality. Despite a plethora of mentions of the aim to achieve gender equality in regional and international documents, progress is slow (see https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2022/09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-the-gender-snapshot-2022 and https://pacificdata.org/dashboard/sdg-5-gender-equality). What can be done? If transformative change is required, then a range of options needs to be explored. Could expanding exposure as to who studies gender be just one tool for building a pipeline of actors who take a gender lens when engaging with key issues, and speeding up progress towards the gender equality goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Goal 5)? How should we rethink the teaching of gender and development? My proposition is that gender should be mainstreamed in every course through a revised curriculum as a practical lever for change and to hasten progress towards Goal 5. The hope is that this paper can encourage conversation both in gender and development circles and the scholarship of teaching and learning, and prompt new lines of research and action towards rethinking the teaching of gender and development, which can then strengthen the knowledge base in the pipeline of political decision-makers and development actors. This paper is a call to action for the repositioning of gender at the heart of all studies – not as an elective or “boutique”, but as core to every subject.

Muslim pracademics as double brokers: a faith-sensitive, intersectional framework for understanding pracademics’ experiences and positionalities

ABSTRACT The term pracademic, which describes individuals with dual identities as both academics and practitioners, is becoming increasingly common in global development circles. However, much of the academic literature on pracademics focuses on experiences of a relatively privileged elite of pracademics who are white, from the Global North, and working with secular organisations. Using collaborative autoethnography and mutual reflection, this study explores the multifaceted experiences and functions of Muslim pracademics, bringing religion to the fore and adding it to existing debates on race, gender, and development. The article illustrates how Muslim pracademics do not just act as brokers between academia, practice, and communities but also between faith-based and secular spheres. It proposes the use of faith-sensitive, intersectional frameworks to the study of pracademics’ experiences and positionalities. Challenging notions of development as a process that only occurs in formerly colonised countries, we compare experiences of pracademics in the UK and worldwide.

Branderpreneurship Framing Analysis of MSME Brand "Daviena Skincare"

Few MSME skincare and cosmetics brands focus on developing brand value to build their business. Among them is Daviena Skincare in Indonesia. This article examines Daviena's entrepreneurship-based brand development strategy using the Branderpreneurship Framing Analysis (BFA) methodology approach. BFA systematically traces and details the value development strategy according to the elements in BrandCoVD (Branderpreneurship's Circle of Values Development), namely identifying, creating, delivering, communicating, maintaining, evaluating, and renewing values. The analysis shows that as a startup that cannot afford influencers and celebrities like other skincare brands, Daviena Skincare utilizes social media with self-demo techniques by the owner and models to convince consumers of the unique advantages of its products. This communication technique provides a domino effect for consumer users to express their experiences through organic testimonials. This study can inspire other MSME and startup brands to develop their brand value with limited resources.

Military Expansion in Disaster Response and Its Implications for the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus

ABSTRACT Disaster response is a pathway for incorporating climate change principles into the framework of the Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) nexus. However, the growing military presence in relief operations poses ethical, operational and political challenges. Based on the literature on green militarism and civil-military relations, a critical examination of the military expansion in disaster response highlights its potential to compromise the humanitarian principles underpinning the Triple Nexus. Given the unease already sparked within humanitarian and development circles by the inclusion of the peace pillar due to its association with notions of hard security, the current trend in disaster response may risk inadvertently promoting militarised aid within HDP programming. Focusing on the Philippines as a case study, the analysis enriches scholarly and policy debates on the Triple Nexus from a previously unexplored perspective and aims to open new research trajectories for further exploration.

Effects of Boko Haram Insurgency on Students’ Enrolment and Perforamce in North-East Nigeria (A Case Study of Yobe State)

Armed conflict has become a challenging phenomenon especially in the Northeastern part of Nigeria. The paper studies the effect of armed conflict on students’ enrolment and performance in the Northeast region of Nigeria. The study being qualitative, utilized data obtained through key informants’ interview and secondary sources. Hence, 48 respondents were purposefully interviewed due to their experience on the issue. Indeed, finding indicates that armed conflicts such as the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast Nigeria has negatively affected students ‘enrolment and their performance in schools due to students dropping out of school, as many males headed households in the region and Yobe State were either killed or displaced thereby leaving most women as widows and children as orphans. It is noted that many students who were affected by the Boko Haram crisis have either dropped out from school or have suffered one form of inconvenience or the other. In view of the findings, the paper suggests that government and all stakeholders in the education and development circle should as a matter urgency intervene to save the current worrisome situation. It is also suggested that more needs to be done to fast track enrolment campaign drive that may assist the government, communities, traditional rulers, religious leaders, teachers towards enrolling students back to schools like their fellow counterpart.

Activation and Out of the Circle: The All-Media Communication of Drum Pond Song Non-Heritage Culture in the New Era

The "Shashi Drum and Basin Song" has been passed down for thousands of years, and is part of the daily life of the people in Shashi and its neighbouring areas, forming a unique type of music in Shashi, and was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. Nowadays, we have entered the all-media era of media integration and development, how to optimise the communication method of "Shashi Drum Basin Song" through the innovation of communication concept and media technology is a hot topic in the study of non-heritage communication. This essay proposes that introducing the current situation of the dissemination of "Shashi Drum Pond Song" and its resources in the current media environment, pointing out the main problems existing in the dissemination at the present stage, and puting forward the innovation strategy for the dissemination of "Shashi Drum Pond Song" under the background of all-media in an attempt to make "Shashi Drum Pond Song" a new culture in the new era by means of all-media power, and to make it a new culture. It aims to revitalise the culture of "Drum Basin Song" in the new era through the power of all-media, and to break the circle of development.

AFP Intelligence Community’s Strategic Risk Management Process in Response to External Aggression

In the ever-changing global security landscape, characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), this study serves as a capstone project to provide valuable insights to the AFP Intelligence Community (AFPIC). Its primary focus is to effectively tackle the exceptional non-military security threats a foreign adversary poses. China’s rapid and significant ascent as an Asian hegemon and a global superpower has driven its pursuit of resources and influence worldwide. These hegemonic actions have not only elicited resentment from smaller and weaker nations adversely affected by them but also drawn the ire of the United States and its allies. The Philippines, strategically located in the South China Sea and the Pacific region, has become a prime target of China’s unconventional warfare strategy, where they seek to subdue their adversaries without resorting to kinetic force. China’s United Front Works (UFW) strategy is a crucial element of its hybrid warfare approach, providing a platform for intelligence, influence, and interference operations designed to systematically undermine its enemies. This study aims to describe the current state of the AFPIC’s risk management capabilities in terms of doctrines, organization, and training concerning the security threats posed by China’s UFW. It also seeks to identify the challenges in these areas and propose appropriate solutions to address them. Overall, the objective of this study is to contribute to the long-term endeavor of enhancing the AFPIC’s doctrines, organization, and training to effectively address the threats posed by China’s UFW and other hybrid security threats. The qualitative data gathered through document analysis, key informant interviews, and focused group discussions involving multiple participants from various units and offices within the AFPIC and the AFP Triad, as well as education and doctrine development circles, underwent an iterative and hybrid process of thematic and content analysis. Tools such as SWOT, TOWS, and the causal-impact analytical tool were utilized during this analytical process. The results of this analysis provided valuable insights into the current state of AFPIC’s risk management capability in terms of doctrine, organization, and training, highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages within these areas. Further exploration revealed the primary challenges present in these three domains, which encompassed internal and external dynamics that hindered the optimal implementation of related initiatives. Subsequently, numerous recommendations were formulated to enhance the AFPIC’s doctrine, organization, and training capabilities in response to the exceptional security threats posed by China’s united front works. Central to the research findings were three crucial factors that influenced the success or failure of the doctrinal, organizational, and training endeavors: the support of advocates and champions, the role of knowledge management, and the significance of engaging foreign stakeholders. Keywords: Armed Forces of the Philippines, Intelligence, Risk Management, United Front Works, National Security, hybrid security threats, unconventional warfare, political warfare

Landscape Design Study of Ancient Stagecoach Road Cultural Bazaar in Qiangang Village, Conghua, China

Qiangang Village in Conghua, Guangzhou, which is rich in humanistic and historical values, as well as rural life style, has in recent years The proposed ancient stagecoach towns have always had an integral part in the development circle of the total construction of the multi-faceted cultural revitalization. However, the regulations in the village the problems of insufficient development experience and single style brought about by insufficient planning are also obvious. The problem of insufficient development experience and single style is also obvious, mainly through the unused land in rural areas. to carry out targeted design and renovation to improve the local living atmosphere through excavation, construction and maintenance of the existing local resources and landscape. The purpose is to increase the popularity of Qiangang's tourism and culture. At the same time, with the ancient stagecoach town through the design of the countryside market, to achieve the promotion of the countryside. the purpose of tourism and economic development, to promote the development of Qiangang Village corresponds to the planning of "cultural trails + ancient village culture style tour". Integration of development.

Re-measurement and influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency under the ‘dual carbon’ target in China

Given that agriculture is both a carbon source and sink, the sustainability goals of carbon peaking and neutrality place high demands on the green and low-carbon agricultural development in China, and the exploration of a realistic path for a sustainable agricultural development is urgently needed. Under the above ‘dual carbon’ target, this study focused on the key issue of how to improve China's agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) and constructed an innovative AEE indicator system that can reflect carbon constraint and coordinated agricultural economic development, resource use and ecological environment. The super-efficient slack-based measured Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) method, which considers undesirable outputs, was applied to re-measure the AEE of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2001 to 2020, and its spatial and temporal evolution was analysed in conjunction with kernel density estimation. The Tobit regression model was used to explore various influencing factors by region. The results show that the AEE re-measurements, which take into account the 'dual carbon' requirement, are significantly better than the traditional AEE. From 2001 to 2020, China had an overall V-shaped fluctuation curve AEE, with a small decline and several inter-annual fluctuations, and exhibited a large potential to rise. China's AEE showed a spatially uneven regional development at different stages of distribution and evident multi-polar differentiation. Inter-provincial differences were observed in China's AEE, and the vicious circle of low-level green and low-carbon agricultural development was difficult to break. Urbanisation had a significant positive effect on national and eastern AEE but a significant negative effect on central AEE. The agricultural carbon offset rate had a significant effect on AEE nationally and in the three regions. Thus, the introduction of ‘dual carbon’ target effectively drove the development of AEE. Agricultural industry structure inhibited the improvement of AEE nationally and in the western region. Agricultural economic development hindered the national AEE improvement but promoted that of the central region, where China showed an environment Kuznets curve. Hopefully, this study can provide data support and theoretical reference for the green and low-carbon agricultural development and help achieve the ‘dual carbon’ target.

Transforming the rural asset: Advancing rural place through cultural assets in the American High-Tech Economy

ABSTRACT Many rural regions are looking for a renaissance in the high-tech economy, leveraging unique rural assets to attract new citizens. But who is positioned to realize the unique rural assets of a place for growth? Based on ethnographic research in economic development circles of an American rural region, this study shows how economic developers and municipal leaders draw on unique rural assets, transforming them to attract the right kind of outsiders they think are best suited to create high-tech rural futures. The paper argues that this transformation has implications for how we understand and promote the high-tech economy through asset-based community development in rural areas.

Brandrepreneurship-Based Business Development in Increasing Brand Value in Small Businesses

This study aims to increase the brand value of small businesses using The Circle Of Values. The research method used in the development is Branderpreneurship Farming Analysis (BFA) both qualitatively and quantitatively. This research procedure designs a concept in determining Branderpreneurship itself has a core process commonly called The Circle Of Value Development, which consists of the stages of Identifying Value, Creating Value, Delivering Value, Communicating Value, Maintaining Value, Evaluating Value, and Updating Value. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the concept plan for increasing brand value used in the form of the TikTok application and the design of this shopping bag is very feasible to implement with an average percentage of 90% approved by consumers. The results of the design the concept that has been arranged such that appearance conducted tests on social media experts , owners , and employees For evaluate plan draft development that has been designed by researchers. After expert testing , the results from draft business the can recommended For business small For develop his efforts.

Does Education Help Local Economies Reach Economic Potential? Evidence from South Africa

It is widely understood in development circles that poverty alleviation is elusive unless local economies operate productively with limited resources and existing technology. With a high rate of poverty on the back of weak output growth at municipality level in South Africa since 1994, this background makes it necessary to establish factors that could increase the pace of economic development and help local economies produce at full capacity. Using a stochastic frontier analysis of South Africa’s 234 municipalities observed between 1995 and 2018, this paper finds postgraduate education (Masters and Doctorates) relevant in explaining the ability of these local economies to reach their full potential and the effect increases with the size of the manufacturing sector, life expectancy and trade. The stock of high school, diplomas, bachelors, and honours does not significantly contribute towards productive efficiency of these 234 municipalities reinforcing concerns of a possible structural mismatch between lower-level qualifications and the labour market demands. Consequently, moving these municipalities closer to their full potential may be achievable through ensuring that the undergraduate cohorts reach Masters, and PhD level complemented by a manufacturing-oriented structural change. Keywords: education, technical inefficiency, structural transformation, stochastic frontier model, local municipalities, South Africa

The Potential of Diaspora System-Building Investments in Homeland

The problem of Diaspora investments is of great importance in research and policy development circles, but this demand does not strengthen by comprehensive research on the problems that have arisen. In these spheres, we need to emphasize attention to the problems of targeted investments in the home state and its system-building potential. This paper discusses the opportunities and limitations that form the framework for investments from the Diaspora to Armenia. The work aims to understand whether the investments from Diaspora could have system-building potential and how it impacts the homeland. In this connection, such questions are asked as to what motivates these investments to be made, within the framework of what policy, where, and how are the investments incorporated and what future effects they have.

RNF213 loss-of-function promotes pathological angiogenesis in moyamoya disease via the Hippo pathway.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon cerebrovascular disorder characterized by steno-occlusive changes in the circle of Willis and abnormal vascular network development. Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) has been identified as an important susceptibility gene for Asian patients, but researchers have not completely elucidated whether RNF213 mutations affect the pathogenesis of MMD. Using donor superficial temporal artery (STA) samples, whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify RNF213 mutation types in MMD patients, and histopathology was performed to compare morphological differences between patients with MMD and intracranial aneurysm (IA). The vascular phenotype of RNF213-deficient mice and zebrafish was explored in vivo, and RNF213 knockdown in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was employed to analyse cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities in vitro. After bioinformatics analysis of both cell and bulk RNA-seq data, potential signalling pathways were measured in RNF213-knockdown or RNF213-knockout endothelial cells (ECs). We found that MMD patients carried pathogenic mutations of RNF213 that were positively associated with MMD histopathology. RNF213 deletion exacerbated pathological angiogenesis in the cortex and retina. Reduced RNF213 expression led to increased EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Endothelial knockdown of RNF213 activated the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP)/tafazzin (TAZ) and promoted the overexpression of the downstream effector VEGFR2. Additionally, inhibition of YAP/TAZ resulted in altered cellular VEGFR2 distribution due to defects in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane and reversed RNF213 knockdown-induced angiogenesis. All these key molecules were validated in ECs isolated from RNF213-deficient animals. Our findings may suggest that loss-of-function of RNF213 mediates the pathogenesis of MMD via the Hippo pathway.

Evaluation of Tourism Ecological Security and Its Driving Mechanism in the Yellow River Basin, China: Based on Open Systems Theory and DPSIR Model

Tourism ecological security (TES) has gradually become a frontier topic because it is related to the virtuous circle of ecosystems and sustainable development, especially in river basins with fragile ecosystems. Based on the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model and open systems theory, we constructed a TES evaluation system in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China. Then, the TES index was measured from 2004 to 2019 and its spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism were analyzed. The results show that: (1) In terms of temporal evolution, the comprehensive TES index shows a steady upward trend, but the difference between cities increases over time. Moreover, the proportion of cities with low status levels of TES declined rapidly, while the proportion of cities with high status levels of TES has grown slowly. (2) Spatially, low-TES value cities have always been in the majority, and the high-value cities show a scattered spatial distribution, most of which are along the river. Moreover, TES is randomly distributed in space before 2013, but it shows a significant positive spatial clustering feature thereafter. Specifically, the range of hot spots extends from the intersection of the middle and upper reaches to downstream, while the cold spots are always scattered. Furthermore, the trend surface in the east–west direction is always smooth, while it gradually manifests an inverted U-shape in the north–south direction. (3) In the dynamic transfer, TES lacks the vitality of transfer, but the probability of shifting upward becomes more significant when adjacent to higher-level cities; the opposite is true when adjacent to lower-ranked cities. (4) In terms of the driving mechanism, the factors related to tourism and the economy are the most important driving forces, and the effect of tourism-related factors on TES is becoming increasingly significant. Moreover, the driving mechanism is constructed. Finally, this study provides targeted policy implications for improving TES in the YRB, which has reference value for the development of ecological protection and high-quality tourism.

How to deal with corruption if you want your economy to grow

Corruption is widely considered as one of the primary bounds on economic growth. As a result, eradicating corruption takes top priority in development policy. Sadly, most anti-corruption efforts fail. In this policy brief, we explain why an overt focus on eradicating corruption is misguided. We address two problems. Firstly, there is insufficient proof that eradicating corruption is a necessity to kickstart or promote rapid economic growth, in contrast to a dominant view in development circles. An overt focus on combating corruption risks wasting funds in development policy. Secondly, most anti-corruption efforts in development fail because they treat the symptom instead of the root causes. Anti-corruption efforts can be improved by working much more holistically in development policy. Our goal with this policy brief is to encourage those working in economic development to rethink their approach to anti-corruption. By highlighting relevant insights from the academic literature which have largely remained unrecognised in development policy, and adding concrete policy recommendations, we hope to spur change in the primacy which is often granted to anti-corruption efforts.

The Measurements and Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Variations of Human Development Index Based on Planetary Boundaries in China: Evidence from Provincial-Level Data

It is necessary to pursue the economic and social development of humanity to cope with the challenges of the global ecological environment within the constraints of planetary boundaries. For constructing the evaluation model of human development considering the earth pressure from the sub-national level, and observing the changes of human development level under the earth pressure in China in recent years, this paper constructs the PB-HDI (Planetary Boundaries-Human Development Index) index to measure the human development level under planetary boundaries in 30 Chinese provinces of 2010, 2014, 2017, and 2020; and carries out the analysis of evolutionary characteristics and spatial heterogeneity inspired by the path of balancing the relationship between environmental protection and economic development in China. We found: (1) the regional PB-HDI differences show a convergence trend, with a gradual decrease in low-level provinces; (2) the regional heterogeneity of PB-HDI is obvious. The differences between eastern provinces are the largest; (3) resources and environment constitute the outer circle of economic and social development, forming a “doughnut” inclusion pattern that discourages high-level development beyond the boundary and low-level development within the boundary. In general, there are significant differences in economic development, environmental protection level, social security capacity, industrial structure, innovation level, policy environment, and other basic conditions among different regions of China, and sustainable development paths need to be determined according to local conditions. This study is critical for expanding the application of the sub-national human development assessment for global stress and optimizing China’s sustainable development path.

PARTIAL DILIGENCE"SCIENTIFIC MESSAGES" MODEL


 
 
 
 The increasing facts and developments underscore the need for purposes, because they are the means of deriving and neglecting judgments.
 The circle of research and development is narrowed, and for this reason the Sahaabah taught it in their jurisprudence.
 Among the most popular are the scholars of Islam, led by Umar ibn al-Khattab and Ali ibn Abi Talib May Allah be pleased with them.
 Ali bin Abi Talib was the owner of the solutions to solve the problems of the issues. His mental approach, which was followed by in the development of the provisions of legitimacy in the use of texts and try to understand them and ways to derive from them, and was seeking in all this to achieve the interest in the world and this seems so clear in the jurisprudential applications.
 
 
 
 
 This research confined on necessities and improvements; because they are the most powerful and most important, and that the necessities are presented to them in disagreement as well as in the response of the necessary purposes; they are not all as powerful but there are different and for that reason the strong ones offer at least strength in the disagreement.

The development, security, and defence nexus in Brazil

ABSTRACT The relationship between security and development has been a longstanding issue in Brazil. Far before Western literature raised the topic in development circles, Brazilian elites had already viewed security and development as intertwined concepts, placing the military as a key agent in providing several public policies over the 20th century. Even after a 21-year-long military authoritarian regime, this view continues to affect a myriad of dimensions of social and political life—such as civil-military relations, foreign policy, peacekeeping operations, internal security, and social policy. Thus, the goal of this Special Issue is to discuss the formation and effects of the Brazilian version of the security-development nexus. Articles will tackle the following questions: (1) How do the range and scope of security and defence concepts and military missions affect development policies and vice-versa? (2) How do military missions supporting national development and internal security affect the security sector and civil-military relations? (3) How does the military in Brazil translate this mentality of the security-development nexus into international relations? (4) What insights does the case of Brazil offer to the literature on the security-development nexus? By analysing the Brazilian experience, we hope to contribute to advance knowledge on the security-development nexus and reflect on the long-term effects of placing the military at the centre of public policies.

The Economic Prospects of Sustainable Labour Migration and the Need for a Legal Framework in Nigeria

Sustainable development has been a germane concept to international policy since the year 1992. The concept of Sustainable development also serves as a springboard for understanding labour migration as a phenomenon for the economic viability and social sustainability of developing and developed nations. This is because labour migration is a phenomenon that is rooted within the strata of socio-political sustainability, one of the recognized pillars of sustainable development. From the standpoint of migration history in Nigeria, migration has persisted internally in the form of rural-urban migration driven by varying socio-economic factors and externally, in the form of labour migration with a significant number of young Nigerians, many of whom are not deterred by the risks associated with travelling to Europe via unsafe paths, exploring some of these paths. Nigerian youths consisting of individuals aged between 15-35 years also comprise the largest population of migrants from the Global South seeking opportunities in other countries outside Europe. The ILO, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs-Statistical Division and the International Organization for Migration in development circles have advanced the discourse of labour migration whilst prompting countries to mainstream strategies that would allow the benefits of labour migration to be fully maximized. An ethical legal framework in sending countries (being developing countries in most cases, and in this instance referring to Nigeria) and receiving countries (being developed countries in most cases and in this instance referring to countries in Europe). It is within this framework that the economic prospects of labour migration can be properly reaped. In establishing a legal framework for Nigeria, it is important to consider what the country stands to lose with sustained outflow of youths and professionals required for nation building to Europe and sectors in Europe, this consideration would guide the concessions that can be made in the design of Bilateral Labour Agreements between Nigeria and Sending countries. The researcher of this work ultimately contemplates the realization of a legal framework in the form of a legislation that will strongly define labour migration in Nigeria, which would also be a consolidation of prior efforts channeled towards establishing a labour migration policy for Nigeria. The Research methodology utilized in this work is a combination of the Qualitative Legal Research and Analytical Legal Research. This is because the work relied mainly upon non-numerical data sources relative to the topic at hand and after evaluating these sources, put forward a subjective view.