Circle Diagram Research Articles

The Medieval Slavonic Reception of Maximus the Confessor’s Circle – Center – Radii Analogy

The paper contends that certain circle diagrams discovered in 14th-century Slavonic medieval manuscripts of Dorotheus of Gaza’s Instructions, crafted during the Palamite controversy, are influenced by the concepts of Maximus the Confessor. The paper offers an in-depth analysis of select Slavonic diagrams originating from Serbian monasteries in the final decades of the 14th century. It begins by examining simple diagrams wherein the circle’s center represents God, and the radii represent created beings moving towards God, then progresses to investigate more intricate diagrams. These complex diagrams include circle or square shaped center, outer circumference, concentric rings, multicolored radii and twisted cruciform bands. It is further argued that these new diagramatic elements are employed to visualize complex ideas such as the Holy Trinity as differentiations in unity, the ontological limit of creation set by divine providence, the triadic structure of logoi of beings and the double movement of procession and reversion.

Pathogenicity and Genomic Characteristics Analysis of Pasteurella multocida Serotype A Isolated from Argali Hybrid Sheep.

Respiratory diseases arising from co-infections involving Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo) pose a substantial threat to the sheep industry. This study focuses on the isolation and identification of the P. multocida strain extracted from the lung tissue of an argali hybrid sheep infected with Mo. Kunming mice were used as a model to assess the pathogenicity of P. multocida. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of P. multocida was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq PE150 platform. The whole genome sequencing analysis involved the construction of an evolutionary tree to depict conserved genes and the generation of a genome circle diagram. P. multocida, identified as serotype A, was named P. multocida SHZ01. Our findings reveal that P. multocida SHZ01 infection induces pathological manifestations, including hemorrhage and edema, in mice. The phylogenetic tree of conserved genes analyzing P. multocida from different countries and different host sources indicates close relatedness between the P. multocida SHZ01 strain and the P. multocida 40540 strain (A:12), originating from turkeys in Denmark. The genome of P. multocida SHZ01 comprises 2,378,508 base pairs (bp) with a GC content of 40.89%. Notably, this strain, designated P. multocida, exhibits two distinct gene islands and harbors a total of 80 effector proteins associated with the Type III Secretion System (T3SS). The P. multocida SHZ01 strain harbors 82 virulence genes and 54 resistance genes. In the P. multocida SHZ01 strain, the proteins, genes, and related GO and KEGG pathways have been annotated. Exploring the relationship between these annotations and the pathogenicity of the P. multocida SHZ01 strain would be valuable. This study holds great significance in further understanding the pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of the sheep-derived P. multocida SHZ01 strain. Additionally, it contributes to our understanding of respiratory diseases in the context of co-infection.

An Upper Bound Energy Formulation of Free-Chip Machining with Flat Chips and an Alternative Method of Determination of Cutting Forces without Using the Merchant’s Circle Diagram

An upper bound analysis of free-chip machining has been carried out, where the tool cutting and friction forces were determined from the deformation energy dissipated during the chip separation process. The method employed was based on the classical upper bound theorem, as formulated by Prager and Hodge, and Drucker, Prager, and Greenberg, and its modification by Collins, to deal with the metal forming processes involving coulomb friction. A straight shear plane and coulomb friction at the chip/tool interface were assumed and the energy required for cutting was calculated from a strain rate/velocity field that was constructed using the method proposed by Collins. Cutting forces, thrust forces, tool/chip contact lengths, and chip thickness ratios were determined for different tool rake angles and friction conditions. The theoretical results were also compared with some experimental results that are available in the published literature. The comparison between the two was not found to be satisfactory. This may be due to the non-unique nature of the machining process, as stated by Hill and demonstrated by other authors. The results calculated from the present method of ”energy balance” were also found to be in agreement with those obtained by Merchant using the principle of ”force balance”.

Compensation for Merchant’s Circle Diagram to predict cutting force in orthogonal micro turning

Cutting force for conventional orthogonal machining can be predicted by Merchant’s Circle Diagram (MCD) considering the shearing action of chip formation. However, the effect of plowing action is significant for micro turning, which has not been considered in MCD. Therefore, a large error has been observed in the prediction of cutting force in micro turning by MCD theory. In this study, a compensated model has been developed for orthogonal micro turning based on MCD. The theory has taken shearing and plowing actions into consideration. The compensated model involved material flow stress, cutting parameters, and tool geometry, including cutting edge radius. This model has predicted tangential cutting force with an average prediction error of 3.75% for micro turning of Ti6Al4V, whereas the average prediction error was 14.9% for axial cutting force.

Neoplatonism in Byzantine and Early Serbian philosophy: The circle and radii diagram

The paper examines some of the main metaphysical concepts of the thought of Dionysius the Areopagite and Maximus the Confessor, such as unity, differentiation, movement, limit, and logoi, in the context of the metaphor of circles and radii. It begins with an analysis of simple diagrams that appear in some Greek and Slavonic manuscripts of Dionysius? works On the Divine Names. The paper goes on to examine more complex diagrams involving a circle or square centre, outer circumference, concentric rings, multicoloured radii and twisted cruciform bands that accompany the Instructions of Dorotheus of Gaza in many Greek and Slavic manuscripts. The paper argues that these new diagrammatic elements were employed to visualize complex ideas such as the Holy Trinity as unity of differentiations, the ontological limit of creation set by divine providence, the triadic structure of logoi of beings and the double movement of procession and reversion.

A numerical study of an external gear pump operating under different conditions

In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (C.F.D) analysis has been done using a commercial CFD solver FLUENT-6.2 to simulate the fluid flow in rotary pumps of positive displacement type, utilising an external gear pump as an illustration. The 3-D model of the fluid flow volume around the casing and gear teeth is created to represent the computational domain for analysis. To anticipate pump performance, a three-dimensional CFD approach was devised and deployed in terms of pressure field, velocity vectors, and the flow pattern to understand pump flow. The primary goal of this research is to examine how the number of teeth affects how a gear pump operates and to show the pressure profile in each intermittent teeth gap. It is observed increase in speed of gears increases the mass flow rate of the pump whereas the increase of the number of teeth keeping same pitch circle diagram, decreases the mass flow rate of the pump. The results found, gives a clear picture of the pressure rise across the teeth annulus of the pump. Therefore, another goal of this work is to predict the performance of the pump virtually and to verify with the analytical result of the pump with numerical result to establish the validation the model.

Predetermination of Performance Parameters of 3-phase Induction Motor using Numerical Technique Tools

The Circle Diagram was used in past for the performance evaluation of 3-phase induction motor under different load conditions. But, now it is not preferred due to availability of programs for detailed analysis. The per-phase equivalent circuit is also not that suitable to estimate the dynamic performance. In this paper, a method is suggested to determine the performance using dq-model. The objective of this paper is to describe modelling in terms of dq variables. The analysis under steady state condition is done using numerical technique tools. The numerical tools such as Gauss-Seidel and Successive Relaxation methods are used and the results are compared with that obtained from the experiment conducted in the laboratory. The comparison of results confirms the validity as well as the accuracy of the proposed methods, as yet another approach to predetermine the performance.

Esophageal Dysphagia in Children: State of the Art and Proposal for a Symptom-Based Diagnostic Approach.

Pediatric esophageal dysphagia (PED) is an infrequent condition that can be determined by a large number of disorders. The etiologic diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping clinical phenotypes and to the absence of pediatric diagnostic guidelines. This review aims to summarize the most relevant causes of ED during childhood, highlight the clinical scenarios of PED presentation and discuss the indications of available diagnostic tools. Available information supports that PED should always be investigated as it can underlie life-threatening conditions (e.g., foreign body ingestion, mediastinal tumors), represent the complication of benign disorders (e.g., peptic stenosis) or constitute the manifestation of organic diseases (e.g., eosinophilic esophagitis, achalasia). Therefore, the diagnosis of functional PED should be made only after excluding mucosal, structural, or motility esophageal abnormalities. Several clinical features may contribute to the diagnosis of PED. Among the latter, we identified several clinical key elements, relevant complementary-symptoms and predisposing factors, and organized them in a multi-level, hierarchical, circle diagram able to guide the clinician through the diagnostic work-up of PED. The most appropriate investigational method(s) should be chosen based on the diagnostic hypothesis: esophagogastroduodenoscopy has highest diagnostic yield for mucosal disorders, barium swallow has greater sensitivity in detecting achalasia and structural abnormalities, chest CT/MR inform on the mediastinum, manometry is most sensitive in detecting motility disorders, while pH-MII measures gastroesophageal reflux. Further studies are needed to define the epidemiology of PED, determine the prevalence of individual underlying etiologies, and assess the diagnostic value of investigational methods as to develop a reliable diagnostic algorithm.

Research on reliability of mode coupling chatter of orthopedic surgery robot

In this paper, the reliability probability method is introduced into the prediction of mode coupling chatter of the orthopedic surgical robot milling to avoid the influence of the randomness of the input parameters on the chatter prediction results. The reliability of mode coupling chatter is defined to represent the probability of the stability (no mode coupling chatter occurs) of milling system. Probability model (reliability model) of mode coupling chatter is established to predict robotic milling chatter, in which the modal stiffness K x, K y and cutting force coefficient Ks involved in the prediction of chatter vibration during robotic milling are considered as random variables. The fourth moment method is adopted to solve the reliability model of milling system to obtain the reliability level. The mode coupling chatter reliability circle diagram (MCCRCD), which is a contour line with a specified reliability level as a function of the angle between the main stiffness direction and the cutting force and the depth of cut, is presented to identify the mode coupling chatter reliable and unreliable regions. An example studies the influence of random variables on the reliability of milling processing, and the time-domain simulation method and experiment method are used to verify the possibility and effectiveness of using MCCRCD to predict the stability of the robotic milling. It can be concluded that MCCRCD can be effectively used to predict the stability of robotic milling.

MATLAB Simulation of Circle Diagram in Three Phase Induction Motor

The use of a circle diagram of an induction motor is considered to be one of the best methods for the overall performance analysis of the motor. An accurate analysis of the motor’s output parameters can be obtained in this approach. The purpose of this work is the simulation of the circle diagram in MATLAB to determine the efficiency and performance of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors. This proposes a convenient way to represent the diagram graphically. Starting from the equivalent circuit to the algorithm of the main program is discussed in detail. The test data from no load and blocked rotor test and the output result are all verified, so that the designer can analyse the motor’s performance in a convenient manner.

Power circle diagrams and aggregate flexibility curves for active distribution networks

The circular geometry of nonlinear power flow equations has conventionally been exploited as circle diagrams and capability curves for the steady-state analysis of the power network. Building upon such concepts and motivated by the need to analyze the power flow pattern due to resources in the distribution network, the flexibility of an individual bus to inject or draw apparent power in an active distribution network while maintaining the network’s static security is quantified in this paper. The power injection flexibility at multiple buses is aggregated at the bulk power delivery substation, i.e., the transmission-distribution interface bus. Flexibility aggregation is further subjected to the generation and storage capabilities of resources present in the distribution network. The circle diagrams are reported for the 33 bus active distribution network, while the aggregate flexibility curves are obtained for the modified 33 bus and 85 bus test networks using a continuation optimal power flow approach. These results, along with a comparison with a previous approach, indicate the practicality of the shapes of the aggregate flexibility curves for active distribution networks.

A new differential current circle diagram based technique for long transmission line protection

Abstract In view of sensitivity, selectivity, and operating speed of the relay, the current differential technique is an alternative against overcurrent and distance-based techniques for long transmission line protection. Moreover, this technique has limited performance due to Line Charging Capacitive Current (LCCC), Current Transformer (CT) saturation further, by using synchronized data, the effect of LCCC can be nullified. However, in case of synchronition is lost, the performance of the current differential is not reliable. Hence, in this paper, the Inverse of Difference of both end Current phasors (IDC) is applied to prevent maloperation due to channel delay and synchronization loss. The simulation experiments are conducted under various operating conditions on a 345 kV, 50 Hz, IEEE 39-bus network using PSCAD 4.5 and MATLAB (R2020a). Results reveal the enhanced security under CT saturation, LCCC and sensitivity under high resistance line to ground faults.

Towards robot modularity — A review of international modularity standardization for service robots

The paper presents ISO standardization work carried out to formulate guidelines for service robot modularity for assisting the development of open plug-n-play modules that can be easily assembled to create application specific robots and robot systems. Although robot modularity has been an active research field for many years, the developments have had little impact on advancing robot markets due to their individualist nature and the results not having sufficiently wide relevance or appeal. The paper initially provides an overview of the new ISO 22166-1 service robot modularity standard and aims to illustrate how to implement it with several use cases. Specific innovations produced in realizing robot modules under the guidance of ISO are introduced and two simple approaches based on block diagram approaches (the line and circle diagrams) are proposed for implementing and designing modular robots. Finally, the paper presents several use cases as examples where the new ISO robot modular approach can be used to good effect.

Model Dinamis Analisis Keputusan Penanganan Penyebaran Covid-19 Menggunakan Causal Loop Diagram

The spread of Corona Virus or Covid 19 is very fast and has become a pandemic for all countries in this world. In a very dynamic and complex development process consisting of many interrelated and diverse components, each of which has different goals. Regarding the dynamic and complex challenges in the field of developing corona virus spread, the ability to identify is needed to reduce the circulation of the virus. For this reason, it is necessary to look further into the factors that influence and inhibit the spread of the virus and what strategies are needed and analyze the dynamically dynamic causes of these factors using the method of approach that uses the Cause Circle Diagram (CLD) system. ). The purpose of this research is to get the right solution in making decisions to handle the spread of corona virus through a system approach with a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) model.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "SMART ACTION" WEBSITE OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN SANITATION CLINIC ACTIVITIES AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER SUMBANG 1 BANYUMAS DISTRICT

Some obstacles that may be encountered in implementing sanitation clinics are the limited number of personnel from the Community Health Center to operate sanitation clinics that sanitation clinic activities experience problems in terms of managing data into useful health information. Therefore, sanitation clinic activities are carried out on environment-based diseases like respiratory tract infections. This study uses Research and Development (RD) to develop a manual sanitation for environmental-based diseases, especially respiratory infections, based on the AKSI PINTAR website. Data processing system using the website consists of input, process and output. The input stage on the AKSI PINTAR website is on the examination menu and the question form that appears on the AKSI PINTAR (literally means smart action). The process stage includes the process of editing, coding and entering and has a form of AKSI PINTAR website and the output of the data includes risk factors for the incidence of respiratory infections, patient behavior and environment are processed into tables, bar charts, pie charts and pictures (photos). Officers can save and print processed data. Officers can input and process sanitation clinic data both during the inspection and the field inspection In the implementation of data output, officers can output data in the form of tables of results of field inspections and inspections, bar and circle diagrams and photos of the results of visits that officers need in their reports.

Parallel-Plate Modes in Slot Reflectarray Antennas

This article deals with investigations of slot reflectarray antennas constituted by composite panels and optimized for milling manufacturing. It is shown that a certain combination of the unit-cell geometry parameters may lead to the gain degradation. Analysis of the unit cell shows that this results from the parallel-plate modes excitation. The Floquet circle diagram is used to define conditions for the excitation of these modes. Examples of field plots in the unit cell are given. Theoretical data have been verified by experimental investigations. Presented results allow us to choose proper geometry parameters of the unit cell for slot reflectarray antennas at the initial stage of the development. Some slot reflectarray antennas prototypes are considered as well.

Frictional force during machining process Part 2: Influence of process parameters

In manufacturing, metal removal process is a vital activity which defines the productivity of the organization. The metal removal during machining operations, depend on factors which include cutting tool, work piece material, cutting fluids, machine tool condition, process parameters etc. In the present work, an effort has been made to understand the behavior of frictional force (Ff) during turning operation. Experiments were designed and executed with selected set of process parameters. The Ff for each trial was computed based on the Merchant’s circle diagram. The influence of each machining parameter on Ff has been analyzed and quantified for each parameter. The investigation reveals that feed rate and depth of cut has direct consequences on Ff , whereas spindle speed has indirect impact.

Rapid Assessment and Classification for Seismic Damage of Mountain Tunnel Based on Concentric Circle Method

Concentric circle method (CCM), a new method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and numerical discretization of 40 mountain tunnels damaged by Wenchuan earthquake in China, is proposed to rapidly assess the seismic damage level (SDL) of mountain tunnels. The new method consists of four components. First, according to the type and degree of seismic damage of tunnel, the whole tunnel is divided into a number of successive sections. Second, four factors (i.e., slope and portal damage, lining damage, pavement damage, and earthquake collapse) are selected as the main controlling factor set, and then multilevel factor sets are proposed to establish the assessment system. Third, the discretized assessment indexes and classification criteria are established for the rapid assessment of SDL of mountain tunnel. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis on the SDL of each section, the SDL of the whole tunnel is calculated in terms of the seismic damage index and synthetic radius. With the assessment results shown on a straightforward concentric circle diagram, the proposed CCM method can rapidly and reliably assess the SDL of mountain tunnel to win over precious time for emergency rescue and provide references for the repair of damaged tunnel. In addition, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method is verified by using a case study of Longxi tunnel located at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China.

Основні аспекти діяльності благодійних організацій у спадщині Мері Елен Річмонд

The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific heritage of Mery Elen Richmond. A cornerstone of building the social work profession, Mary Richmond was known for her ability to organize communities, her development of casework practice, as well as her ability to teach and speak intelligently on a wide array of subjects. The subject of the article is the provisions on the activities of charitable organizations in the United States during the life and work of the researcher. The article describes the main problems in the activities of charitable organizations of the late 19th - early 20th centuries During this time Richmond was connected to the COS, she demonstrated her qualities as a leader, teacher, and practical theorist; ; revealed the functions of charitable organizations in the theory and practice of M. E. Richmond; described possible provisions for improving the activities of charitable organizations in accordance with the legacy of Mary Ellen Richmond, who is considered a principle founder of the profession of social work and the importance of professional education. Her first principle was that care had to focus on the person within their situation. Building on extensive research, she developed what she labelled ‘social diagnosis’. Her famous circle diagram visualized the correspondence of client and environment. Richmond identified six sources of power that are available to clients and their social workers: sources within the household, in the person of the client, in the neighborhood and wider social network, in civil agencies, in private and public agencies. This is a precursor of the system theory that was so popular in 1970’s social work.

Determination of Mohr-Coulomb Parameters for Modelling of Concrete

Cohesion is defined as the shear strength of material when compressive stress is zero. This article presents a new method for the experimental determination of cohesion at pre-set angles of shear deformation. Specially designed moulds are created to force deformation (close to τ-axis) at fixed pre-set values of angle with respect to normal stress σ. Testing is performed on series of concrete blocks of different strengths. From the compressive side, cohesion is determined from the extrapolation of the linear Mohr–Coulomb (MC) model, as the intercept on the shear stress axis. From the tensile stress side (from the left), cohesion is obtained using the Brazilian test results: first, indirect tensile strength of material σtBT is measured, then Mohr circle diagram values are calculated and cohesion is determined as the value of shear stress τBT on the Mohr circle where normal stress (σ)t = 0. A hypothesis is made that cohesion is the common point between two tests. In the numerical part, a theory of ultimate load is applied to model Brazilian test using the angle of shear friction from the MC model. Matching experimental and numerical results confirm that the proposed procedure is applicable in numerical analysis.