Cinnamate Anion Research Articles

Employing shielding effect of intercalated cinnamate anion in NiFe LDH for stable and efficient seawater oxidation

Seawater electrolysis is a valuable and promising method for clean hydrogen generation. The corrosion induced from active anions in seawater and the competition between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and chloride evolution reaction (CER) limit the overall efficiency of seawater electrolysis. Herein, shielding strategy was introduced with cinnamate anion (CNA) intercalated in NiFe LDHs (NiFe LDHCNAs) for efficient alkaline seawater oxidation. It displays an outstanding OER performance with 247 mV and 258 mV to achieve the current density of 50 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte and alkaline seawater (1 M KOH + real seawater), respectively. Meanwhile, CNA-NiFe LDH presents excellent durability (over 72 h at 100 mA/cm2) in 1 M KOH electrolyte and alkaline seawater. The enhanced catalytic performance and durability can ascribe to the enlarged interlayer spacing by CNA intercalation and shielding effect of CNA against chlorine corrosion. This research offers a novel approach to the design of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis.

Cinnamate-Intercalated Layered Yttrium Hydroxide: UV Light-Responsive Switchable Material.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in stimuli-responsive host-guest materials due to the high potential for their application in switchable devices. Light is the most convenient stimulus for operating these materials; a light-responsive guest affects the host structure and the functional characteristics of the entire material. UV-transparent layered rare earth hydroxides intercalated with UV-switchable anions are promising candidates as stimuli-responsive host-guest materials. The interlayer distance in the layered rare earth hydroxides depends on the size of the intercalated anions, which could be changed in situ, e.g., via anion isomerisation. Nevertheless, for layered rare earth hydroxides, the possibility of such changes has not been reported yet. A good candidate anion that is capable of intercalating into the interlayer space is the cinnamate anion, which undergoes UV-assisted irreversible trans-cis isomerisation. In this work, both trans- and cis-cinnamate anions were intercalated in layered yttrium hydroxide (LYH). Upon UV-irradiation, the interlayer distance of trans-cinnamate-intercalated layered yttrium hydroxide suspended in isopropanol changed from 21.9 to 20.6 Å. For the first time, the results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using layered rare earth hydroxides as stimuli-responsive materials.

Green pesticides based on cinnamate anion incorporated in layered double hydroxides and dispersed in pectin matrix

This paper reports the preparation of green pesticides based on nano-hybrids composed of a Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) with cinnamate anion. The dispersion into a pectin matrix was obtained using high energy ball milling in wet conditions. Structure and physical properties of the fillers and the composites films were evaluated. Controlled release of cinnamate was followed using UV spectrophotometry and the release kinetics were found to be dependent on the filler loading. The experimental results were analyzed by the Gallagher-Corrigan model. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated on different bacterial strains, as well as plant pathogens belonging to the genus Phytophthora using modified agar diffusion, broth microdilution and dual culture methods, respectively. Experimental results suggested the possibility to use the analyzed composites as green protective coatings for crops’ protection.

Eu(III) doped LDH intercalated with cinnamate anion as multifunctional sunscreens

Eu(III) doped Zn2Al-LDH intercalated with cinnamate anions with different C9H7O2-/M3+ molar ratios were synthesized by different anion-exchange methods. The XRD patterns indicate the formation of hydrotalcite-like compounds. UV–VIS absorption spectra show that the hybrid materials obtained have UV shielding capacity. PLS measurements show low-intensity red light emission of the characteristic europium and cinnamate ions that is recommended to induce collagen production.

Cocrystal solubility product analysis – Dual concentration-pH mass action model not dependent on explicit solubility equations

A novel general computational approach is described to address many aspects of cocrystal (CC) solubility product (Ksp) determination of drug substances. The CC analysis program, pDISOL-X, was developed and validated with published model systems of various acid-base combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and coformers: (i) carbamazepine cocrystal systems with 4-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, saccharin, and salicylic acid, (ii) for indomethacin with saccharin, (iii) for nevirapine with maleic acid, saccharin, and salicylic acid, and (iv) for gabapentin with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. In all systems but gabapentin, the coformer is much more soluble than the API. The model systems selected are those with available published dual concentration-pH data, one set for the API and one set for the coformer, generally measured at eutectic points (thermodynamically-stable three phases: solution, cocrystal, and crystalline API or coformer). The carbamazepine-cinnamic acid CC showed a substantial elevation in the API equilibrium concentration above pH5, consistent with the formation of a complex between carbamazepine and cinnamate anion. The analysis of the gabapentin:3-hydroxybenzoic acid 1:1 CC system indicated four zones of solid suspensions: coformer (pH<3.25), coformer and cocrystal eutectic (pH3.25–4.44), cocrystal (pH4.44–5.62), and API (pH>5.62). The general approach allows for testing of many possible equilibrium models, including those comprising drug-coformer complexation. The program calculates the ionic strength at each pH. From this, the equilibrium constants are adjusted for activity effects, based on the Stokes-Robinson hydration theory. The complete speciation analysis of the CC systems may provide useful insights into pH-sensitive dissolution effects that could potentially influence bioavailability.

Syntheses and Structures of Monomeric and Dimeric Ternary Complexes of Copper(II) with 2,2′‐Bipyridyl and Carboxylate Ligands

The syntheses and crystal structures of Cu(C10H8N2)(C9H7O2)(H2O) (1) and [Cu2(C10H8N2)2(C7H6NO2)3(C7H7NO2)]·Cl·3H2O (2) are described [C10H8N2 = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy), C9H7O2– = cinnamate anion (cinn–), C7H6NO2– = p‐amino benzoate anion (paba–), and C7H7NO2 = p‐amino benzoic acid (Hpaba)]. Complex 1 [triclinic, space group P1 (no. 2), a = 12.0357 (7) Å, b = 13.8799 (8) Å, c = 16.3225 (9) Å, α = 84.916 (3)°, β = 88.551 (3)°, γ = 67.877 (3)°, V = 2516.0 (2) Å3, Z = 4] contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit: both feature a distorted square‐pyramidal CuN2O3 chromophore arising from the coordination of a bidentate bipy ligand, two monodentate cinn– anions, and a water molecule to the metal ion. The cation in complex 2 [orthorhombic, space group P212121 (no. 19), a = 13.5061 (10) Å, b = 18.1441 (11) Å, c = 18.9671 (13) Å, V = 4648.1 (5) Å3, Z = 4] is dimeric with square pyramidal CuN2O3 and CuN3O2 metal coordination polyhedra: each metal ion is coordinated by a bidentate bipy ligand and two bridging paba– anions; the apical coordination site of one is occupied by an O‐bonded paba– anion and the other by an N‐bonded Hpaba neutral molecule. The cation in 2 is isomeric with the previously reported [Cu2(C10H8N2)2(C7H6NO2)2(C7H7NO2)2]2+ cation, in which both apical Hpaba molecules are N‐bonded to their metal ions.

A Three-Coordinate Ag(I) Complex Based on the V-Shaped Ligand 1,3-Bis(1-Ethylbenzimidazol-2-Yl)-2-Thiapropane: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DNA-Binding Properties

The complex [Ag(bebt)(cinnamate)] [bebt = 1,3-bis(1-ethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiapropane], has been synthesised and characterised by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the coordination environment of the Ag(I) complex can be described as trigonal planar, and the Ag(I) atom is coordinated by one oxygen atom from a cinnamate anion and two nitrogen atoms from ligand bebt. Experimental studies of the DNA-binding properties indicated that the free ligand and the complex bind to DNA via the intercalation mode, and the binding affinity of the complex was found to be greater than that of just bebt.

Cerium cinnamate as an environmentally benign inhibitor pigment for epoxy coatings on AA 2024-T3

Abstract An environmentally friendly inhibitor, cerium cinnamate (CeCin), was studied as an additive to an epoxy coating. The effects of corrosion inhibition on AA 2024-T3 provided by cerium cation and cinnamate anion were investigated by electrochemistry impedance spectra (EIS) and polarization tests. It was found that cerium ion and cinnamate group have synergistic inhibiting effects. The EIS results show that CeCin is an effective inhibitor pigment for improving the corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings on AA2024-T3, as reflected by the much higher coating resistance than that of the blank epoxy coating. The inhibiting effect of CeCin during the onset of corrosion in defects of the epoxy coating was verified using scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), which is in agreement with the EIS results.

Hydrogen Bonding Patterns in Trimethoprimium Cinnamate 1.52 Hydrate

In the title compound, [C14H19N4O3 +, C9H5 O2 −, H2O, O0.52] the asymmetric unit contains a protonated trimethoprim cation and a cinnamate anion and two water molecules. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallized in the triclinic system; space group P−1 with the unit cell parameters a = 10.010(2) A, b = 10.339(3) A, c = 13.486(8) A, α = 105.32(3)°, β = 109.88(3)°, γ = 100.89(3)°, V = 1204.6(10) A3, Z = 2. The cinnamate group is disordered. The trimethoprim (TMP) molecule is protonated at one of the pyrimidine nitrogen atoms. The carboxylate group of the cinnamate anion interacts with the protonated pyrimidine atom N1 and the 2-amino group via a pair of N–H···O hydrogen bonds, generating the R 2 2 (8) ring motif. The inversion related TMP cations are paired via N–H···N hydrogen bonds. In addition to the base pairing, the O1W atom bridges the 2-amino and 4-amino groups on either side of the paired bases, resulting in a self complementary DADA array. Two inversion related TMP cations and water molecules (O1W) are linked via N–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bonds, forming a 22 membered ring with graph-set R 4 4 (22). The protonated trimethoprim cation interacts with the cinnamate anion through a pair of N-H…O hydrogen bonds, generating the R 2 2 (8) ring motif. .

Synthesis and structural characterization of organotin(IV) complexes formed with [o,o] donor atoms of carboxylic acids

Organotin(IV) carboxylates of the general formula RnSnL4-n (where R = Me, n-Bu or Ph, and L = ?-phenyl-2,3-(methylenedioxy)cinnamate anion or 2-(2,3-dimethlylanilino)nicotinate anion) have been prepared. The mono-, di- and tri-organotin(IV) carboxylates were synthesized by the reaction of organotin(IV) oxides or hydroxides with a stoichiometric amount of the ligand acids at an elevated temperature in dry toluene. The composition of the synthesized organotin(IV) complexes, the bonding behavior of the donor groups and structural assignments were studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The spectral data suggest that the ligand acts in a bidentate manner, coordinating through the oxygen atoms. These spectroscopic techniques revealed a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the solution state for the tri-organotins, while a mean coordination number between five to six for the diorganotin(IV) dicarboxylates. In the solid phase, the tri-organotins were essentially trigonal bipyramidal polymeric while the di-organotins were octa?hedral. However, mono-organotin tricarboxylates were predicted to exist in the octahedral state both in solution as well as in the solid phase.

Photochemical properties of mixed-ligand complexes europium carboxylates

The photochemical behavior of mixed-ligand complexes of europium carboxylates with nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing neutral ligands of island and dimer types, Eu(L)3 · xD · nH2O and [Eu(L)3 · xD]2 · nH2O (L is the trifluoroacetate, toluate, or cinnamate anion), was studied. During UV irradiation of the complexes of europium carboxylates with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-dipyridyl, a luminescence buildup was observed. EPR measurements demonstrated that the observed buildup of luminescence from europium occurs in parallel with the increase of the concentration of radical anions formed from neutral ligands.

The spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman and 1H, 13C NMR) and theoretical studies of cinnamic acid and alkali metal cinnamates

The effect of alkali metals (Li → Na → K → Rb → Cs) on the electronic structure of cinnamic acid (phenylacrylic acid) was studied. In this research many miscellaneous analytical methods, which complement one another, were used: infrared (FT-IR), Raman (FT-Raman), nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H, 13C NMR) and quantum mechanical calculations. The spectroscopic studies lead to conclusions concerning the distribution of the electronic charge in molecule, the delocalization energy of π-electrons and the reactivity of metal complexes. The change of metal along with the series: Li → Na → K → Rb → Cs caused: (1) the change of electronic charge distribution in cinnamate anion what is seen via the occurrence of the systematic shifts of several bands in the experimental and theoretical IR and Raman spectra of cinnamates, (2) systematic chemical shifts for protons 1H and 13C nuclei.

A thermal behaviour study of solid-state cinnamates of the latter trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Some new compounds of cinnamic acid with the latter trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III) were synthesized in the solid state. The compounds have the general formula LnL 3, where Ln represents trivalent Eu to Lu or Y ions and L is the cinnamate anion (C 6H 5–CHCH–COO −). Thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction powder patterns were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Two-Dimensional Cobalt (II) Complex Containing Cinnamate Anion

Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the hydrothermal reaction product of cobalt (II) ion and the mono-carboxylic acid, trans -cinnamic acid, (cina) are described. The 2-D coordination polymer, [Co(cina) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n , consists of square-grid layers with O-C-O bridging the cobalt atoms sandwich by m CHCHC 6 H 5 in the galleries. The temperature dependence of the magnetic moment revealed a lowering at low temperatures due to the presence of spin orbit coupling. cobalt cinnamic acid hydrothermal layered

INHIBITION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BY CINNAMIC ACID: POSSIBLE INTERACTION OF THE ACID WITH CYSTEINYL RESIDUES

ABSTRACT The effects of cinnamic acid (C6H5CH=CHCOOH) on L. monocytogenes strain Scott A and listeriolysin O (LLO) activity were studied. In addition, a possible mode of action of the acid was investigated. L. monocytogenes was more susceptible to cinnamic acid than to benzoic acid, and lowering the broth pH increased the inhibition. LLO activity was inhibited in the presence of 0.1% cinnamic or benzoic acid, and western blot analysis showed reduced intensity of listeriolysin bands in the presence of 0.2% of the acids. Addition of cysteine (5 mM) to cinnamic acid in PBS, pH 7.0, caused gradual reduction in UV absorption of the acid during incubation for 12 h. Cinnamic acid (&gt;0.5%, pH 7.0) inhibited glucose uptake and ATP production in resting cells of L. monocytogenes. Results suggest a role of the cinnamate anion in the antilisterial and anti‐LLO activity and potential applications in the food industry.

ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF THE ELECTROHYDRODIMERIZATION OF ACTIVATED OLEFINS. IV. THE PROTONATION OF METHYL CINNAMATE ANION RADICAL

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 12, Issue 50 Article ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF THE ELECTROHYDRODIMERIZATION OF ACTIVATED OLEFINS. IV. THE PROTONATION OF METHYL CINNAMATE ANION RADICAL V. D. PARKER, V. D. PARKERSearch for more papers by this author V. D. PARKER, V. D. PARKERSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 15, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198150116AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume12, Issue50December 15, 1981 RelatedInformation

Mechanisms of the Electrohydrodimerization of Activated Olefins. IV. The Protonation of Methyl Cinnamate Anion Radical.

Mechanisms of the Electrohydrodimerization of Activated Olefins. IV. The Protonation of Methyl Cinnamate Anion Radical.