Ciherang Rice Research Articles

Effects of sublethal fipronil insecticide concentrations on fitness and abundance profile of endosymbiont microbial species Nilaparvata lugens

Abstract. Awaluddin, Dadang, Anwar R, Giyanto. 2024. Effects of sublethal fipronil insecticide concentrations on fitness and abundance profile of endosymbiont microbial species Nilaparvata lugens. Biodiversitas 25: 998-1006. Fipronil is a widely used active ingredient for controlling Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), but the effect exerted on fitness ratio and composition of endosymbiont microbes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effects of insecticide by assessing fitness ratio and bacterial composition of endosymbionts in N. lugens before and after applying sublethal fipronil concentrations. A pair of LC15-equivalent fipronil-treated imago were introduced into treatment pots planted with rice 30 days after transplanting. Additionally, N. lugens endosymbionts were identified using full-length primers 27F and 1492R targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that fipronil application increased the total number of nymphs and fitness ratio of N. lugens in both IR64 and ciherang rice varieties. Similar observations were obtained with erythromycin application, although the differences were not statistically significant compared to the control. Fipronil application tended to cause an insignificant increase in the percentage of hatched eggs, while samples lacking this treatment contained abundant quantities of an endosymbiont, Acinetobacter soli. After applying insecticide, a significant alteration occurred in the composition of endosymbionts, with a substantial increase in Delftia acidovorans and D. lacustris, which both contributed to the enhanced fitness and tolerance of N. lugens to fipronil. These results showed the intricate interactions between bacteria and insects, as well as the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of new pest management strategies.

Biocontrol Potential of Rhizosphere Fungi Against Pyricularia Oryzae in Ciherang Rice Variety

Blast disease is an important disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The use of antagonistic fungi from the rhizosphere of rice plants has the potential to control plant pathogens. One of them is from the genus Aspergillus. This research aims to test the ability of Aspergillus genus fungi in suppressing the intensity of P. oryzae attack on ciherang rice varieties. The research methods were isolation and identification of rhizosphere fungi, propagation of P. oryzae, antagonistic test of rhizosphere fungi against P. oryzae in vivo, and reisolation of fungi from rice plant tissues. This research used a completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications. Data obtained from this research were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference test at the 5% level The results showed that Aspergillus sp1 and Aspergillus sp2 fungi could significantly reduce the intensity of blast disease attack caused by P. oryzae isolates from Moncongloe and Simbang regions..

Segregation of molecular markers associated with Bph3 gene in BC5F2 population derived from Ciherang rice variety as the recipient parent

Brown planthopper (BPH), an important insect pest of rice, can cause severe damage and significant yield loss. An efficient and environmentally friendly method to control this pest is by planting resistant varieties. The brown planthopper resistance gene Bph3 from Rathu Heenati variety is closely linked to the Waxy gene that regulates amylose synthesis, the primary determinant of rice eating and cooking quality. The purposes of this study were to analyze the segregation ratio of SSR markers associated with Bph3 gene and to identify individual plants carrying homozygous allele for Bph3 gene in a BC5F2 population derived from a backcross that used Ciherang as the recurrent recipient parent. Analyses using RM589, RM586, and RM588 markers linked to Bph3 gene and RM190 marker linked to the Waxy gene indicated that the ratio of genotype segregation for each marker related to Bph3 gene did not deviate from the expected ratio with the χ 2 value was 0.956, 0.587, and 1.467 for RM589, RM586, and RM588, respectively (χ2 table = 5.991, α=0,05). All individual plants had a homozygous allele from Ciherang for Waxy gene based on the RM190 marker. As many as 25 individual plants which have homozygous Bph3 allele from Rathu Heenati and homozygous Waxy allele from Ciherang can be further developed as promising BPH-resistant rice varieties with eating and cooking quality similar to Ciherang.

The effect of tobacco leaf biopesticides on the development of bacterial leaf blight of rice

The staple food of the Indonesian population is rice, the need for rice continues to increase following the increase in population, and one of the obstacles to increasing production is crop failure caused by rice leaf blight. Leaf blight is one of the important diseases which causes almost 70% yield loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration and interval of application of tobacco leaf biopesticide on the development of leaf blight in Ciherang rice variety. This study was designed using a factorial complete randomized design, the first factor was the concentration of tobacco leaf biopesticide which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 ml/l, 1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, and 3 ml/l. the second factor is the Giving Interval which consists of 3 levels. i. e. every 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. Parameters of the development of rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) that were observed were the number of grains per plant, percentage of attack and intensity of attack by leaf blight. The results showed that the highest number of grains per plant, the lowest attack percentage, and the lowest attack intensity were in the B3P1.

Adaptability and damage capacity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various Gramineae: a laboratory study

Spodoptera frugiferda is a pest that initially attacks corn plants in tropical and subtropical regions such as America. At the beginning of 2019, the S. frugiperda entered Indonesia and was first found to attack corn plants in Sumatra. In the same year 2019, the pest was also found attacking corn plants in Bali. Until now, the presence of these pests has spread to various parts of the world and is not limited to corn plants but also to other Graminae plants. This study aims to determine the type of alternative host plant S. frugiperda in other graminae families. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) using six 5 types of host plants as treatments and five replications. Research on the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plants was carried out in the laboratory, while observations of the level of damage to plants were carried out using the scoring method based on the percentage of attack area on the leaves. The results showed that S. frugiperda was only able to adapt to the four host plants tested, namely hybrid corn, sorghum and local rice, while hybrid rice and rice varieties of Ciherang were not selected, which was indicated by their preference for not choosing these plants as spawning sites. S. frugiperda showed the best selectivity level for hybrid maize as host. In general, the characteristics of the damage caused by S. frugiperda were almost the same in each of the test plants. The highest level of damage was found during the fourth observation on Hybrid Corn in the heavy category. Attacks and leaf damage were not found in Hybrid Rice and Ciherang Rice Varieties. The findings of this study are useful in predicting population dynamics of S. frugiperda especially in areas cultivating Graminae crops, to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies for this pest.

Effectiveness of Long Immersion of Rice Seeds in Local Microorganism Culture (MOL) of Banana Weevils on Rice Growth and Production

The need for rice from year to year continues to increase due to the growing population of Indonesia, but this is not balanced with sufficient rice production. This is what makes it difficult for Indonesia to be self-sufficient in food so that efforts are needed to increase rice production nationally so that domestic rice needs are met. This panel aims to see the effectiveness of long soaking of rice seeds in MOL banana weevil on vegetative growth and yield of Ciherang variety rice plants. The research was conducted in November 2021 – March 2022 on open land of BPP Caringin, Legok District, Tangerang Regency. The study was conducted using the Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT) method consisting of 5 treatments, namely control (without soaking MOL banana weevil), soaking rice seeds for 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and soaking for 24 hours. Each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 25 experimental units. Each experimental unit consists of three plants, the number of plants to be studied is 75 plants. Soaking seeds in MOL banana weevil for 24 hours gives the best results for the growth and production of Ciherang rice plants.

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF HIGH ZINK NUTRITIONAL RICE

Nutrizinc rice is a biofortified variety designed with the advantage of high specific nutritional value, especially at higher levels of zinc nutrition compared to Ciherang rice. The mineral zinc is useful for preventing stunting in humans, and to help protect the human immune system from the attack of the COVID-19 virus. However, this variety has just been promoted by The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT, in Indonesian: Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian, BPTP) Gorontalo Province so people are still not familiar with this rice. Therefore, it is important to conduct research related to the analysis of the level of consumer acceptance aimed at knowing consumer preferences and attitudes towards the attributes of high-zinc nutritious rice. The study had 60 respondents who were chosen by chance (accidental). This study used Chi Square analysis (X2) to see the differences in consumer preferences for the attributes of high zinc nutritional rice with various cooking methods and the ratio between rice and water. Meanwhile, Fishbein Multi-attribute analysis was used to determine consumer attitudes towards the attributes of high-zinc nutritional rice. The results showed that the different methods of cooking and adding water to the rice did not significantly change the flavor, color, and aroma of the rice, on the contrary, it only changed the texture of the rice. The high-zinc nutritional rice that consumers like was rice that had a slightly sweet flavor, fluffier texture, bright white color, and has no odor. In addition, the color and texture attributes of rice with high zinc nutrition were the most dominant considerations compared to other attributes in deciding to buy or consume rice with high zinc nutrition.

Spectral pattern analysis of rice varieties with proximal sensing method and sentinel-2 imagery

Rice growth monitoring through remote sensing devices, such as Sentinel-2 imagery has been widely used, yet the accuracy level is different due to variations in altitude and object reflectance. Proximal sensing provides site (ground-level) monitoring via high-resolution sensors. Spectroradiometer is a proximal sensing device that can continuously record the spectral pattern of an object. This research aims to examine the spectral pattern characteristic of Grendel sticky and Ciherang rice varieties based on proximal sensing and to investigate the relationship between the reflectance value of spectroradiometer measurements and Sentinel-2 image extraction. Based on the spectral pattern analysis, the Ciherang variety reached the maximum reflectance value for red-edge and NIR wavelength at 56 DAP (reproductive stage) and then decreased at 81 DAP (ripening stage). In comparison, the Grendel variety reached 81 DAP (reproductive stage) and dropped to 86 DAP (ripening stage). Based on linear regression, at 56, 81, 86, and 90, DAP indicated the reflectance values of spectroradiometer measurement are equivalent to the value of sentinel-2 image extraction with an average of R2 above 86%.

Agronomics, Genomics, Breeding and Intensive Cultivation of Ciherang Rice Variety

Agronomics, Genomics, Breeding and Intensive Cultivation of Ciherang Rice Variety

ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI PADI (Oryza sativa L ) SAWAH PASANG SURUT DI DESA TAMBAK KARYA KECAMATAN KURAU KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

This study aims to determine the cultivation method and the total cost, revenue and profits of tidal rice farming. The sampling method used a simple random method on a population of 150 Ciherang rice farmers taken 20% to 30 respondents. The cultivation method is carried out in a traditional way. Total cost Rp. 10,107,154.99, total revenue Rp. 787,850,000.00 or an average of Rp. 26,261,666,67/farmer and the total profit is Rp. 484,635,350.30 or an average of Rp. 16,154,511.68/farmer/ planting season

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CIHERANG RICE (Oryza sativa L. Var. Ciherang) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common bacteria that cause a large number of diarrhea in infants, children and adults living in developing countries. Potential activity of Ciherang rice’s (Oryza sativa L. var. Ci-herang) leaves’ extract as antibacterial agent against the ETEC was investigated in this research. The secondary metabolite was extracted, its antibacterial activity, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the ETEC were determined. This study indicated the leaf extract of Ciherang rice in the ethanol fraction contained tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. It showed strong antibacterial activity against ETEC (at concentration of 100%); the extract activity test had diameter of inhibition zone around 11.12 mm with MIC value of 11.12 mm. This study suggested the ethanol leaf extract at various concentrations showed significant effect (p<0.05) toward the diameter of the inhibition zone. The Ethanol leaves extract of Ciherang rice at 100% of concentration has a MIC value of 11.37 mm.

Characteristics of rice cooking quality of Ciherang variety during storage

The decline of rice quality will occur during storage. One of the quality parameters of rice is the cooking quality. The study was conducted to determine the cooking quality characteristics of Ciherang rice for eight months storage. Rice was stored in several types of packaging, namely plastic sacks, vacuum plastic packaging and non-vacuum plastic. While the storage temperature was air conditioner temperature and room temperature. The cooking quality of rice observed in this study included the cooking time, the water absorption ratio, the volume expansion ratio, and gel consistency. The results showed that the cooking time of rice with vacuum polypropylene plastic packaging did not change during eight months storage. However, the water absorption ratio and the volume expansion ratio of rice had increased during eight months storage. Rice that was stored at room temperature had a higher water absorption ratio and volume expansion ratio than rice stored at air conditioner temperature. Meanwhile, the gel consistency of rice after eight months of storage showed a significant decreased in all treatments. In general, the gel consistency of rice after eight months storage showed the harder texture than initial rice before storage.

Produksi Dan Kualitas Jerami Padi Sumber Hijauan Pakan Dengan Waktu Panen Dan Dosis Pupuk Berbeda

This study was aimed to analyze the fertilizer dosage and harvest age in Ciherang rice varieties to increase the rice straw production and quality. This study used a block randomized design with 3 x 4 blocks divided based on harvest age H1 = 114 days, H2 = 118 days and H3 = 122 days. The treatment was fertilizer dose level which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 (control) = Urea 55 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g, P1= Urea 63,25 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g, P2= Urea 71,50 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g dan P3= Urea 79,75 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g. The variables observed were straw production, grain production, filled grain production, empty grain production, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that P3 was significantly (p< 0.05) the highest among fertilizer dose level treatments on the straw production (27.63 tons ha-1), filled grain production (5.52 tons ha-1), and reduced empty grain (0.15 tons ha-1). The Quality of rice straw were CP 7.49%, CF 20.35%, ADF 55.03 %). While at harvest age, H1 was significantly (p< 0.05) the highest among harvest ages treatments on the variables of straw production 28.18%, empty grain production 0.21 tons ha-1) and NDF 69.11%. It can be concluded that the best fertilizer dosage was an addition of urea by 45% with harvesting age of 114 days. Key words: fertilizer, harvest age, production, quality, rice straw

Farmers' Preferences and Satisfaction On Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa) Ciherang Variety In Cenlecen Village, Pakong District, Pamekasan Regency

This study aims to determine and analyze the preferences and satisfaction of farmers for the Ciherang variety rice seeds. The location of this research is in Cenlecen Village, Pakong District, Pamekasan Regency. The population in this study were all rice farmers in Cenlecen Village and the sample in this study amounted to 70 people using probability sampling technique. Based on the results of the study using the Customers Satisfaction Index (CSI), it shows the interest and satisfaction of farmers on the attributes of the amount of production and quality of rice, for plant attributes that are resistant to pests, production costs and easy to obtain. While the attributes of the ability to grow seeds in the field, ease of work, government services and product packaging. for attributes of plant form and are used to planting. To achieve the goal of farmer satisfaction with the attributes of rice planting using ciherang seeds, the results obtained are 63,62578, meaning that farmers are quite satisfied. The efficiency level of the attributes of farmers who use Ciherang rice seeds is on average above the efficiency line, only the attributes of the amount of production and quality of rice are expected to be below the efficiency line

Ketahanan Penyakit Bercak Coklat (Helminthosporium sp.) pada Padi Beras Merah, Padi Beras Hitam, Lokal Siam, dan Unggul Ciherang

Helminthosporium sp. is the cause of brown spot disease in rice. This fungus has a wide host and is easily spread. This disease causes a loss of production reaching 50-91%. The use of resistant varieties is an appropriate solution for controlling this disease. This research aims to test the resistance level of red rice, black rice, local Siamese and superior Ciherang to brown spot disease, identify the length of incubation period and the infection rate of the fungus Helminthosporium sp. until it gives rise to indications of symptoms in each of the rice tested. The types of rice tested were brown rice, black rice, local Siamese and superior Ciherang with 6 replications, in order to obtain 24 experimental units. The results of the research show that all types of tested rice have the same level of resistance, namely susceptible types. The seriousness of the disease in black rice was 41, 11%, brown rice 34, 07%, local Siamese 34, 07% and superior Ciherang 36, 56%. The fastest incubation period occurred in local Siamese, accompanied by brown rice and black rice, on day 2 of inoculation, and the slowest incubation period for superior Ciherang rice was on day 4 after inoculation. Each test rice variety has a different rate of disease growth rate. In this study, the fastest average disease growth rate was red rice 0.344 units/day, black rice 0.186 units/day, local Siam 0.115 units/day and Ciherang 0.141 units/day.

Growth and yield of rice fields with posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system

Posbidik compost is an innovative product that is expected to solve the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. The principle of the jajar legowo planting system is to increase plant population and lowland rice production. This study aimed to determine the influence of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system on the growth and yield of Ciherang rice varieties. This study was conducted on irrigation paddy fields owned by farmers in West Toili District, Banggai Regency, in August-December 2020. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors, namely posbidik compost consisting of 3 levels, namely: K1 = 5 tons/ha; K2 = 7.5 tons/ha; K3 = 10 tons / ha, and planting system legowo 2:1 line consisting of 3 levels, namely: L1 = 20 x 10 x 40 cm; L2 = 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm; L3 = 30 x 15 x 60 cm. The results showed that the interaction of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system does not affect the plant height; however, it affects the number of productive tillers, the weight of 1000 grains and productivity. The results showed that the best performance of the yield rice in the treatments of 7.5 tons/ha posbidik dose with planting space of 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm.

RESPONSE OF THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CIHERANG RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AND WEEDS ON THE DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS AND WEEDING FREQUENCIES

This study aimed to observe the growth and yield of Chiherang rice (Oryza sativa L) and weeds in response of different planting methods and weeding frequencies. We conducted the study in Semampir, Argorejo, Sedayu Sub-district, Bantul District on April until August, 2018. We arranged field study using randomized complete block design in 3x2 factorials with 3 times repetition. First factor was Jajar legowo (J) stratified as 3 levels; 2:1 (J1), 4:1 (J2), dan 6:1 (J3). Second factor was weeding frequency in 2 levels which were 2 times in 14 and 70 hst (P1) and 3 times in 14, 49 and 70 hst (P2). Observed variables include Ciherang rice growth (plant height, total tillers, percentage of productive tillers, fresh and dried weight of each plant), components of rice yield (grain dry weight of each harvest, percentage of filled grains, yield of each hectares), and weeds (type of weeds, fresh and dry weight of weeds). We analyzed results using variance analysis with significant level of 5%, followed with 5% DMRT test. We found that application of jajar legowo planting method and weeding frequency do not correlates with all growth and weeding frequency variables of Ciherang rice and weeds. 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1 jajar legowo planting methods do not show significant impact both on Ciherang rice growth and yield, and also weeds. Both 2 times (14 and 70 hst) and 3 times (14, 49 and 70 hst) also do not have significant impact on all variables observed.Keywords: Jajar Legowo, Weeding Frequency, Ciherang Rice

Magnesium and silicon fertilizer application to promote rice growth and production

The global demand for rice continues to increase due to population growth. In Indonesia, various innovations have been implemented for improving rice production, while magnesium silicate fertilizer application is still limited. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Mg and Si (MgSi Fert) on rice growth and productivity. This study was conducted at Luhur Jaya Village, Cipanas District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province in a rainy season. A randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications was set. The treatment was MgSi Fert with multiple dosages. Results showed that NPK fertilizer combined with 100 kg ha−1 MgSi fertilizer gave the highest yield. Based on the quadratic equation y = - 0.1301x2 + 28.812x + 5,474.2, it was known that highest slope on the equation was reached at dosage less than 150 kg ha−1 of MgSi Fert. The optimum dosage of MgSi Fert for Ciherang rice variety was achieved at 110 kg ha−1 with yield as 7.07 t ha−1. This present study showed that MgSi Fert application improved rice growth and yield.

Identifikasi Aktivitas Petani Dan Sifat Fisik Tanah Sawah Di Desa Detusoko Barat Kecamatan Detusoko Kabupaten Ende

This study aims to determine the activity of farmers and the physical properties of soil on rice fields in the village of Detusoko Barat, Detusoko District, Ende Regency. The research method used is the method of purposive sampling. The research was carried out in paddy fields in the village of Detusoko Barat and in the soil chemical laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Undana. Farmer activity variables observed were rice cultivation such as seedbed, land preparation, planting, fertilizing, maintaining, harvesting. Variable physical characteristics that are analyzed temperature, rainfall, humidity, drainage, texture, effective depth, slope, surface rock, rock outcrop. The results showed that the activities of farmers in the village of West Detusoko carried out rice cultivation twice a year, tillage using a tractor and fertilizing using inorganic fertilizer. The physical properties of soil in the ciherang rice variety in Detusoko Barat village are generallyclassified as very suitable (S1) class. And in rice varieties, Bengawan also generally belongs to the (S1) class very appropriate.

Application of biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa toward bacterial leaf blight disease in rice plant

Diseases that often attack rice plants are bacterial leaf blight, this disease can reduce rice production by up to 60%. Control of bacterial leaf blight in addition to using chemicals can also use biological agents, one of which is Paenibacillus polymyxa. Testing of biological control applications begins with inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria on ciherang rice seeds 9 days after planting (DAP). Planting rice using Randomized Block Design using biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa consists of four treatments, Control (P0), 2,5 ml l-1 (P1), 5 ml l-1 (P2), and 7,5 ml l-1 (P3). The biological control application is carried out on seeds, 10 DAP, 2 week after planting (WAP), and 4 WAP. Observations were made once a week to observe the rice growth and intensity of the disease. Observations were made in the vegetative phase. The results of the Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control test can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack even though the difference in each treatment is not significantly different. The recommended concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control is 7,5 ml l-1. This concentration can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack in the vegetative phase.