Cigarette Use Research Articles

Study on the prevalence of traditional smoking and the use of modern electronic nicotine delivery systems in different age groups of patients with ischemic heart disease

The aim to define the frequency of traditional smoking and electronic cigarette use among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. The study included patients with CHD who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 3674). The mean age of the study participants was 60.6 ± 0.8 years. The material for analysis was anamnestic data regarding traditional smoking or the use of electronic nicotine delivery devices and a smoking history. The study design was based on the patient’s age group according to the WHO age classification. Results. The article raises an actual problem of defining the impact of electronic cigarettes and traditional smoking on health risk for CHD patients and the frequency of smoking types taking into account the patients’ age. Nicotine addiction has been revealed in 67.3 % of patients among the study participants that was significantly higher than the proportion of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. It has been found that 93.0 % of patients preferred traditional cigarette smoking to electronic cigarettes, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 2101.45, and the frequency of traditional smoking was significantly lower among young patients (21.3 %) as compared to older age groups of patients: middle-aged – 38.5 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 62.40), elderly – 44.0 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 116.53) and old-aged – 42.1 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 95.67). Smoking cessation frequency has been shown to be significantly higher in the older groups: middle-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 17.42), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 15.59) and old-aged (p = 0.003, χ2 = 9.05) compared to that among CHD patients of a younger age. The determined frequency of using only electronic cigarettes as a smoking experience or transition from tradition smoking has been demonstrated to be significantly higher exclusively among young people compared to other age groups: middle-aged patients (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 170.24), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 288.63) and old-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 290.01). Conclusions. Tobacco smoking as one of the leading risk factors has been established to be an extremely common phenomenon in the sample of CHD patients with the frequency of 67.3 %, that was significantly higher than the number of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. The rates demonstrating the prevalence of traditional and electronic cigarette smoking based on the age of patients with coronary heart disease have been determined. The incidence of smoking status types (quit smoking, switch to electronic cigarettes, dual users) according to the age aspect has been revealed.

Perceptions of the Harm of Cigarettes, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Transgender Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes: Results from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals in the United States are at greater risk for combustible tobacco use and mental health problems compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. National data comparing associations of menthol cigarette use and mental health among transgender and cisgender individuals in the United States are lacking. The goals of the current study were to (1) characterize transgender and cisgender individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes, and (2) investigate cross-sectional associations between gender identity, harm perceptions of cigarettes, mental health experiences, and quality of life. Data were drawn from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2018–2019). A total of 3989 cisgender (mean [SD] age, 40.47 [0.32] years) and transgender (mean [SD] age, 38.36 [0.09] years) participants who reported current (past 30-day) menthol cigarette use were included in the analysis. Comparing transgender to cisgender groups, significant differences were found in associations between harm perceptions of cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02–0.28) and reported depression (AOR 4.57; 95% CI: 1.36–15.33). Collectively, these findings provide evidence that transgender adults who smoke menthol cigarettes are less likely than cisgender adults who smoke menthol cigarettes to perceive smoking as harmful to health and more likely to report recent experiences of depression.

A Systematic Review Investigating the Impact of Dual Use of E-Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes on Smoking Cessation

BackgroundDual use (DU) of conventional cigarettes (CC) and e-cigarettes (EC) has emerged as a common pattern among youth and adult populations. This review aims to investigate whether dual use can promote smoking cessation.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and all longitudinal studies reporting transitions between DU, exclusive e-cigarette use and exclusive conventional cigarette use were included. Two independent reviewers screened and read all records. Use status transitions among dual users were compared to transitions among exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive CC smokers.ResultsForty-six records (sixteen original studies) were identified. Of sixteen included studies, eight could be pooled for meta-analysis. The studies showed great heterogeneity, and many presented moderate to high risks of bias. Most dual users who changed state transitioned to cigarette smoking. Baseline dual users were less likely to report a transition into complete abstinence compared to exclusive CC smokers and exclusive EC users. About one-fifth of dual users remained in the same use status after >16–24 months, exposing them to DU for a prolonged time. After >24–48 months, 8% of DU maintained DU.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that DU is not a first step toward smoking cessation, with most DUs continuing cigarette consumption either through persistent DU or exclusive CC smoking. Relatively fewer dual users transitioned into complete nicotine abstinence compared to exclusive CC and exclusive EC users. The concerns raised about limitations of current evidence highlight the need for more research focussed on use status transitions among dual users.

The Perceived Risk of Smoking Cannabis: Method of Use by Age

Cannabis use is a public health concern in the United States, and its use is increasingly popular across age groups. Emerging research suggests that smoking cannabis may be perceived as riskier compared to vaping cannabis, like the use of combustible cigarettes and vaping for nicotine. The purpose of the present study is to examine how the perceived risk for smoking cannabis is influenced by the method of use (i.e., vaping, no-vaping, or no-use) and age at the population level. A secondary data analysis from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( N = 58, 034) for individuals ages 12 and older in the United States was conducted using binary logistic regression. For vaping and no-vaping, differences in perceived risk of smoking cannabis were not dependent on age groupings, however, support was found for an interaction between perceived risk of smoking cannabis and age when comparing vaping and no-use.

Food insecurity and substance use among young adults in the United States

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and substance use among young adults aged 18–25 in the U.S. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was completed by a diverse sample of 1024 young adults (50.2 % female; 62 % non-white; m age = 21.7[SD = 2.26]) between January–April 2022. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between food insecurity and current cigarette use, Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use, cannabis use, alcohol use, and binge drinking controlling for socio-demographic and economic factors, mental health, and experiences of discrimination. ResultsNearly 70 % of participants reported being food insecure over the past year. Substance use was also common: 45.9 % of participants reported current cigarette use, 50.9 % ENDS use, 57 % cannabis use, 65.9 % alcohol use, and 50.4 % engaged in binge drinking in the past two weeks. Being food insecure was associated with greater odds of cigarette use (OR = 2.49, 95 % CI = [1.77, 3.50]), ENDS use (OR = 2.18, 95 % CI = [1.58, 3.01]), cannabis use (OR = 1.73, 95 % CI = [1.26, 2.37]), alcohol use (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = [1.16, 2.19]) and binge drinking (OR = 1.98, 95 % CI = [1.44, 2.72]), controlling for all other factors. ConclusionFood insecurity may serve as an important indicator of substance use among young adults. Practitioners should consider screening for food insecurity, providing information about food access, and developing interventions to address food insecurity among the young adults with whom they work. Future research should examine these associations prospectively to better understand how food insecurity may contribute to the initiation and/or escalation of substance use.

Epilepsy and nicotine use: Exploring disparities in ENDS and cigarette use among US adults with epilepsy

IntroductionIndividuals with epilepsy are at greater risk for tobacco use, which may exacerbate their health challenges. This study examines the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigarette, and dual use among US adults with and without epilepsy. MethodsData from the 2021–2023 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed (N = 86,655 adults aged ≥ 18 years), including 1,579 (1.89 %, estimated 14.5 million US adults) with self-reported epilepsy (outcome variable). Participants were categorized into mutually exclusive groups: never-use of either product [reference group], current (used on some days or daily) cigarette-only use, ENDS-only, dual-use, former cigarette-only, former ENDS-only, and former dual-use. Weighted logistic regression models assessed the relationship between epilepsy and tobacco use, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. ResultsAdults with epilepsy had higher rates of cigarette-only (16.51 % vs. 9.27 %), ENDS-only (5.56 % vs. 3.95 %), and dual use (3.53 % vs. 1.50 %) compared to those without epilepsy. Relative to never use, current cigarette-only use (AOR = 1.66, 95 %CI: 1.36–2.01), current ENDS-only use (AOR = 1.51, 95 %CI: 1.08–2.13), and current dual use (AOR = 2.29, 95 % CI: 1.56–3.48) were associated with higher odds of epilepsy after adjusting for demographic and health factors. Among adults with epilepsy, identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual was linked to higher odds of cigarette, ENDS, or dual use compared to straight individuals. Lower levels of education were associated with higher odds of cigarette smoking, while having health insurance was associated with lower odds among adults with epilepsy. Adults ≥ 35 were more likely to smoke cigarettes and less likely to use ENDS compared to younger age groups. ConclusionCigarette, ENDS, and dual use rates were higher in adults with epilepsy than in those without epilepsy. Social factors like sexual orientation, education, and insurance status further influence tobacco use within this population. Tailored cessation interventions are warranted for this vulnerable population to reduce disease burden.

Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe use of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy is a serious public health problem associated with harmful outcomes for the fetus and the mother’s health. Studies that investigated khat, alcohol, and cigarettes usage during pregnancy yielded varied and contradictory results. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa.MethodsA review of eligible studies was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol ID CRD42021289074. Literature published in English from January 1, 2002 to November 30, 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, HINARI, African Journal Online, and Science Direct databases. The quality of included articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. To assess publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were utilized. The random effect model was used to estimate the summary prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors for khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use.ResultsOut of the 1509 studies identified, 71 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of khat chewing, alcohol drinking, active smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was 18.93%, 22.20%, 11.85%, and 43.45%, respectively. The subgroup analysis by UN sub-region showed the highest pooled prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in Middle Africa (25.69%) and the lowest in Northern Africa (1.10%). Several factors were identified as risk factors for alcohol use, including low educational level, younger age women, pre-pregnancy alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy, history of abortion, poor social support, mental distress, poor knowledge on alcohol risks, and partner alcohol use.ConclusionThis review indicated that the pooled magnitude of khat, alcohol and cigarette use during pregnancy was higher in Africa. Substance use screening and brief interventions (SBI) should be routinely delivered in antenatal care settings to reduce pregnant women’s substance use.

General and Specific Risk and Protective Factors for Cigarette and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Use.

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS or e-cigarette) use is at least as common as cigarette use among today's young adults. However, most prevention approaches are based on risk and protective factors (RPFs) that were identified with respect to cigarette use alone. To the extent that RPFs differ for cigarette and ENDS use, tailored approaches are needed to reduce the burden of nicotine use. In the current study, we examined both shared general RPFs and substance-specific RPFs across a developmental period spanning early adolescence to young adulthood, with the goal of identifying upstream preventive intervention targets for cigarette and ENDS use. The current study used data from the Community Youth Development Study (n = 4407) collected at 7 time points from early adolescence (age 12) through young adulthood (age 26). Using longitudinal structural equation modeling, we examined the contributions of adolescent and young adult RPFs to young adult cigarette and ENDS use. We examined general protective factors (e.g., family bonding and peer opportunities for prosocial involvement), cigarette-specific risk (e.g., friends' cigarette use and permissive community norms), and peer polysubstance use. General protective factors assessed in early adolescence had an indirect association with young adult cigarette and ENDS use, mediated through later RPFs. Whereas both cigarette-specific RPFs and peer polysubstance use predicted ENDS use in young adulthood, only cigarette-specific RPFs were related to cigarette use in young adulthood. Our findings suggest that, although addressing known RPFs holds value for preventing ENDS use, additional prevention targets should also be considered. Early prevention approaches might seek to strengthen protective factors, whereas later prevention approaches might target cigarette beliefs for cigarette use and peer polysubstance use for ENDS use.

2. PERCEPTIONS AND USE OF POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES: A SCOPING REVIEW

Objectives: This scoping review aims to synthesize the use and perceptions of pod-based electronic cigarettes worldwide. Methods: We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in July 2024. The search strategy included keywords related to "pod-based electronic cigarettes," "use," and "perception." We selected observational studies reporting the prevalence of pod-based electronic cigarette usage and perceptions regarding pod-based electronic cigarettes. Results: From 2,269 articles found in the databases, we selected 14 articles for our final review, including 12 studies focusing on the prevalence of pod-based electronic cigarette usage and seven studies examining perceptions related to these devices. The prevalence of ever using pod-based electronic cigarettes varied significantly, ranging from 5.9% to 29.2%. In contrast, the current usage rate was lower, falling between 1.6% and 23.2%. Additionally, the perception of the harms associated with pod-based electronic cigarettes encompassed a wide range, with figures between 53.8% and 91.3%. Meanwhile, the perception of their addictiveness varied from 32.7% to 91.5%. Conclusion: The prevalence of pod-based electronic cigarette use was relatively high, with youth showing a greater tendency to use pod-style electronic cigarettes compared to young adults. Additionally, studies focusing on electronic cigarette users revealed lower perceptions of the harmful effects and the addictiveness of pod-based electronic cigarettes compared to studies conducted on the general population.

A bibliometric analysis of mental health among high school students.

In recent years, with the increase in academic pressure and changes in social environment, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a significant impact on the mental health of high school students. This trend, which is concerning, requires a systematic bibliometric analysis to develop effective preventive and remedial measures. This study aims to identify and analysis the research hotspots, frontiers and emerging trends in the field of high school students' mental health over the past two decades using CiteSpace software. These findings provide important insights that can shape future research agendas and guide targeted interventions to improve the mental health outcomes of this vulnerable group. This study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection database as its data source to retrieve literature pertaining to high school students' mental health from January 1, 2004, to January 1, 2023. The initial search yielded 1,764 relevant documents. After manually screening to exclude duplicates, conference proceedings, announcements, and irrelevant documents, a total of 1,748 relevant documents were retained. The research employed the CiteSpace 6.2.R4 tool to evaluate various bibliometric indicators of the included literature, including statistics on institutional and author publication volumes, as well as co-citation analysis. A total of 1,748 English-language documents were retrieved, showing an upward trend in publications on high school students' mental health from 2004 to 2024. The research hotspots primarily focus on COVID-19 pandemic, depression, bullying, substance abuse, sexual behavior, Physical Education and their relationships with the mental health of high school students. Future research trends may focus on studies investigating the relationships between the use of electronic cigarettes, sleep disorders, internet addiction, and the mental health of high school students. In addition to the six major research hotspots of COVID-19 pandemic, Depression and stress, Suicidal ideation, Bullying, Sexual behavior and Physical education. Researches should pay more attention to the use of electronic cigarettes, sleep disorders, and Internet addiction among high school students.

Assessing the Complex Impact of Smoking Habits on Allergic Rhinitis: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) significantly affects quality of life and generates socioeconomic costs. The impact of smoking habits, including the use of conventional cigarettes (CC) and electronic cigarettes (EC), on AR prevalence and management remains controversial. To investigate the association between smoking status (CC and EC use) and AR prevalence and management among Koreans, data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2018) and VIII (2019-2021) were analyzed. This cross-sectional study included 22,290 participants aged ≥19 years from the KNHANES. Smoking status was self-reported, and urinary cotinine levels were measured to assess nicotine exposure. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were employed to examine the relationships between smoking status, cotinine levels, and AR prevalence and management. In univariable logistic regression analysis, compared to non-smokers, electronic cigarette (EC) users showed a 35.8% increased risk of allergic rhinitis (AR), while conventional cigarette (CC) users had a 27.7% lower risk. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, CC users demonstrated a 20.3% lower risk, but no significant association was found among EC users. High cotinine levels (>500 ng/ml) were inversely related to AR prevalence. Among heavy CC users with high cotinine levels, a 35% reduced risk of AR was observed, but after adjusting for confounders, the association was no longer significant, suggesting that other variables may mediate this relationship. Smoking status is associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Koreans, and heavy use of conventional cigarettes (CC) shows a negative correlation with AR prevalence.

Electronic cigarettes use and parental factors among children and adolescents, Jeddah. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT E-cigarettes are gaining popularity worldwide, necessitating their control. This study investigated the impact of parental factors on E-cigarette use among children-adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey involving 1,044 parents of children aged 10- to 21 was conducted in malls. A structured questionnaire assessed parental socio-economic status, smoking/vaping habits, and attitudes toward E-cigarette use.Data were analysed using chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and binary logistic regression (significance set at 0.05). Results showed 176 (16.9%) parents reported their children using E-cigarettes. Older adolescents (18–21 age group) were significantly more likely to use E-cigarettes compared to younger ones (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:6.456, 95% CI:3.664-11.374). Parents with a permissive attitude were more likely to have children who vape. (AOR:1.643, 95% CI:1.149-2.348). While open parent-child communication about traditional smoking reduced E-cigarettes use (AOR:0.772, 95% CI:0.639-0.934). Parental attitudes and open communication are crucial for mitigating youth E-cigarette use.

Parental practices as mediators of the effect of a family-based program on the prevention of substance use among Brazilian adolescentes

BackgroundEvidence-based family prevention programs aims at strengthening family relationships and for reducing substance use. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mediating effect of parental practices in reducing the prevalence of lifetime alcohol, cigarette, and inhalant use among adolescents enrolled in a family-based program. Material and methodsA cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in Social Assistance Reference Centers of 12 Brazilian municipalities to verify the effectiveness of the Famílias Fortes program. The sample included 1610 participants from 805 families, with each family nucleus consisting of one adolescent aged 10 to 14 years and one of their parents or guardians. The intervention group participated in seven meetings led by previously trained facilitators. The control group did not receive any interventions to prevent substance use. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Four mediation models were conducted, assessing the effect of the program according to the combined influence of parental practices on each outcome: adolescents’ lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, inhalants, and the practice of binge drinking. ResultsThe combination of all parental behaviors tested was found to act as a mediator of the effect of Famíilias Fortes in reducing lifetime alcohol use and binge drinking. The mediation model also showed that the program had an indirect effect in the reduction of cigarette and inhalant use by increasing parental responsiveness and demandingness. ConclusionsAlthough the program did not directly influence adolescents, it effectively prevented substance use by positively influencing parental actions, which indirectly influenced substance use behaviors in adolescents.

Examining the relationship between racial, ethnic and economic residential segregation and cigarette smoking among a nationally representative sample of young adults.

Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino and lower income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE). A nationally representative sample of 4,091 18-34-year-olds was surveyed September-October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income. State fixed effects logistic regression models, weighted for national representativeness, assessed the relationship between ICE measures and past 30-day cigarette use, controlling for individual smoking correlates (e.g. income, race/ethnicity, tobacco use, etc.). For racial/ethnic segregation alone, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest proportions of Hispanic/Latino vs. non-Hispanic/Latino (Q5 vs Q1-Q4 range 1.47-1.79) and Black vs White residents had higher smoking risk (Q5 vs Q1 (1.41) and Q2 (1.40)). For economic segregation, individuals in Q2 and Q3 neighborhoods had higher smoking risk than those in Q5 (Q5 vs Q2 (1.60) and Q3 (1.73)), but smoking risk did not differ between Q1 and Q5. In this sample, living in areas with the most Hispanic/Latino and Black residents was associated with the highest smoking risk, while living in areas with highest income residents was associated with lowest smoking risk, even controlling for individual factors. Understanding the impact of ethnic, racial and economic segregation on smoking behaviors informs targeted interventions to reduce tobacco overexposure. The study's findings highlight the association between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and cigarette smoking. Racial and ethnic segregation is associated with higher smoking rates. The combined influence of racial, ethnic, and economic factors adds intricacy to the association between segregation and the risk of smoking. This research is significant as it provides valuable insights for designing focused interventions aimed at mitigating tobacco overexposure in predominantly Black, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income neighborhoods.

Impact of Hispanic Ethnicity on Adolescent Tobacco Use Estimates in the US.

National estimates of tobacco use are reported by racial category after excluding all individuals who identify as Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic [NH], Black; NH-White). In this study, we assess the impact of excluding Hispanics from racial categories on national estimates of youth tobacco use in the US. We pooled four years of Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) data (2015-2021). Participants were n=60,327 high school students (9-12th grade). We report prevalence of past 30-day (current) use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes, stratified by racial category: (1) American Indian/Alaskan Native [AI/AN]; (2) Asian; (3) Black; (4) Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander [NHOPI]; (5) White; (6) multiracial; and (7) unspecific. Within racial category, we compared prevalence for each product between non-Hispanic and Hispanic youth; comparisons controlled for sex, grade, and year. Descriptively, the majority of AI/ANs (75.6%) and Pacific Islanders (58.9%) identified as Hispanics, as did a minority of multiracial (20.6%), White (14.6%), Black (8.2%), and Asian (7.9%) youth. Prevalence estimates were significantly greater for all four tobacco products among Hispanic-Asian and Hispanic-Black youth, relative to their NH counterparts. Conversely, tobacco use was lower among Hispanic-White youth relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Systematically removing Hispanics from classification within each racial category results in underestimation of tobacco use among Asian and Black youth, overestimation of tobacco use among White youth, and unstable estimates among AI/AN and NHOPI youth. These findings challenge the utility of the "race/ethnicity" variable in study of youth in the US. Findings highlight the need to reconsider the operationalization of "race/ethnicity" which currently exclude Hispanics from each racial category. Hispanic ethnicity appears to function as a "within-group" difference; study of these within-group differences may provide unique insights into tobacco use disparities.

Health Care Provider E-Cigarette-Related Advice and E-Cigarette Harm Perceptions Among Youth.

Health care providers (HCP) are uniquely positioned to advise against electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, potentially influencing youth perceptions of e-cigarette harms. However, research examining these associations is scant. We examined whether HCP e-cigarette-related advice is associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions. Cross-sectional study. National Youth Tobacco Survey data (2022). 21,254 youth aged 9-18years. E-cigarette harm perceptions (i.e., relative addictiveness, occasional use harm, and secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) harm) and HCP advice to abstain from using e-cigarettes (yes/no) were assessed. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. Among the sample, 33.9% perceived e-cigarettes as equally addictive to cigarettes, 39.9% perceived occasional e-cigarette use to cause a lot of harm, and 23.3% perceived SHA to cause a lot of harm. Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than cigarettes (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35-2.00) and causing a lot of harm (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.90). Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving SHA causing little harm (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). HCP advice was associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions and perceptions that SHA causes little harm. HCP e-cigarette counseling may help inform understanding of harms, which may reduce or prevent use.

Association of the use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes or dual use with hypertension and mortality in hypertensive individuals: Insights from NHANES 2015-2018.

Combustible cigarettes have been shown to increase hypertension risk. Nevertheless, data on the association between electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as well as dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, and hypertension, are limited. This study aims to examine the association of the use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes or dual use with hypertension. Data from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to determine the relationship between cigarette use and hypertension. Weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were developed to evaluate the association between electronic/combustible cigarettes or dual use and mortality in hypertensive individuals. A total of 7696 participants (median age 47 years; 51.76% females) were included. In the adjusted model, the groups of e-cigarette use, combustible cigarette use, and dual use were found to be significantly associated with the risk of hypertension with AOR and 95% CI of 1.56 (1.01-2.42), 1.29 (1.01-1.64) and 1.83 (1.03-3.27) respectively. Significant trends of the relationship between cigarette use and hypertension were observed. The median follow-up for mortality was 38 months. Current e-cigarette use showed a positive correlation with all-cause death and cardiovascular death compared to never e-cigarette use with HR and 95% CI of 1.30 (1.01-1.66) and 1.30 (1.01-1.67), respectively. The trend of association of e-cigarette use with mortality was significant. This study shows that electronic/combustible cigarette use or dual use increased risk of hypertension. E-cigarettes were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Notably, the increased risk of mortality among e-cigarette users may be due to underlying, pre-existing comorbidities related to prior combustible cigarette use. Findings from the study provide evidence of the benefits of e-cigarette use control, especially among individuals with hypertension.

Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

The dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes poses significant public health concerns due to the compounded risks associated with the use of both products. Understanding the predictors of dual use can inform targeted interventions and tobacco control strategies aimed at reducing nicotine dependence and health risks among adults. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic predictors of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes among U.S. adults using baseline data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We analyzed baseline data from the PATH Study, focusing on adult participants who reported the use of both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associations between dual use and key sociodemographic variables, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education level. The analysis revealed that dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes was predominantly observed among young, female, non-Latino, White, and highly educated adults. Younger adults were more likely to engage in dual use compared to older age groups. Females showed higher rates of dual use compared to males. Non-Latino White individuals were more likely to be dual users than individuals from other racial/ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, higher educational attainment was associated with increased dual use, contrary to traditional smoking patterns. The findings highlight specific demographic groups that are at higher risk of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, particularly younger, highly educated, non-Latino White females. These insights suggest the need for tailored public health interventions that address the unique needs and behaviors of these populations. Future research should explore the underlying motivations and contextual factors contributing to dual use to enhance the effectiveness of tobacco control policies and cessation programs.

Sex-specific associations of cigarettes and e-cigarettes use with self-reported premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults aged 18–54 in the United States

BackgroundPremature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing in young adults (<55 years old). While research suggests females who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of ASCVD than males, studies on the impact of exclusive e-cigarette and dual use on premature ASCVD are limited. This study investigated the association between tobacco use and self-reported premature ASCVD and explored potential sex differences. MethodsUsing pooled data from 480,317 adults (ages 18–54; ∼50 % female) from the 2020–2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the United States, logistic regression models assessed associations between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and self-reported premature ASCVD. Tobacco use categories were defined as: non-use, former use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes), and current use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes) and dual use. Self-reported premature ASCVD was defined as self-reported angina or coronary heart disease, heart attack, or stroke. Weighted analyses were conducted for the overall sample and stratified by sex. ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, former exclusive cigarette (adjusted OR: 1.47 [95 % CI 1.29, 1.67]), current exclusive cigarette (1.68 [1.47–1.94]) and current dual (2.03 [1.69–2.44]) use were associated with higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD. There was no significant association for e-cigarette use. Sex-specific analyses revealed similar patterns but the magnitude of these associations varied between males and females. ConclusionBoth sexes showed higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD for dual and exclusive cigarette use. Although the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences, the findings suggest comprehensive tobacco cessation programs tailored to diverse use patterns are needed to reduce the burden of premature ASCVD.

EL HÁBITO DE FUMAR Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA CONSOLIDACIÓN ÓSEA: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA

Smoking is considered one of the risk factors for various diseases, not only related to the respiratory system but also influencing the physiological processes of various organs and body systems. This article aims to deepen the understanding of the effects of smoking on bone healing by analyzing its molecular, cellular, and clinical bases. This process is subject to possible direct or indirect interferences from chemical substances such as nicotine. It is important to note that, besides conventional cigarettes, there is also indiscriminate use of electronic cigarettes, which, according to an analysis conducted by Pérez and Duarte (2022), have considerably higher nicotine levels than traditional cigarettes. Another study conducted by González et al. (2021) highlights the increasing popularity of these devices among young people, underscoring the importance of preventive measures. According to the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), inhaling tobacco smoke increases bone tissue healing time by 60%, thus delaying the body's ability to heal injuries and compromising bone absorption. The clinical repercussions of smoking on the quality and speed of bone recovery after fractures and orthopedic procedures are identified to improve understanding and develop specific clinical strategies and interventions for smoking patients. The specific objectives of this research were to: investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the bone healing process, analyze the effects of smoking on the quality of the formed tissue, evaluate the influence of smoking on the bone healing time in patients after fracture or orthopedic surgery, and finally propose therapeutic strategies and preventive measures to improve bone healing. To this end, a bibliographic search was conducted on articles relevant to the topic using various means. The selection of articles was based on three stages, choosing those that met the inclusion criteria. During the development of this article, it is observed that smoking is an extended and ancestral practice, being a constant and emerging health problem. Additionally, it is considered a modifiable risk factor for decreasing bone density. In conclusion, the need for specific strategies to address complications in bone healing in smoking patients is highlighted.