Cidade Nova Research Articles

New centralities in medium-sized cities: analysis of the subcenters of the Tomba and Cidade Nova districts in Feira de Santana, Bahia

The objective of this article is to analyze the changes in urban centrality in Feira de Santana due to the consolidation of subcenters and to reflect on the alterations triggered by this process in its urban and economic dynamics, through the investigation of the Tomba and Cidade Nova districts. The methodology was based on bibliographic studies to provide a theoretical framework of the center, decentralization, and subcenters; fieldwork including the survey of tertiary establishments in the studied areas, data collection through interviews, and application of qualitative-quantitative questionnaires on the Google Forms platform, as well as the development of land use and occupancy maps and flow maps. The subcenters of Tomba and Cidade Nova can be considered the main expressions of centrality outside the central area of Feira de Santana, due to the diversity of tertiary activities that they offer and the decentralization experienced by the city. The emergence of new centralities affects the role of the Traditional Center, which was once considered the sole polarizing nucleus of the city and which now, due to changes in urban centrality, tends to relatively lose this role.

Geografia em Comunidade

Na última década, projetos capazes de articular extensão universitária e empreendedorismo social com a formação crítica de professores em cursos de licenciatura, notadamente, vêm trazendo novas perspectivas para os campos da educação e das políticas de desenvolvimento local. O projeto Geografia em Comunidade, desenvolvido no bairro Cidade Nova (Diamantina-MG) a partir de 2013 por docentes e estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia da UFVJM, visa a formação de uma geração de empreendedores sociais na educação, com foco na melhoria do ambiente escolar, na aprendizagem colaborativa e no desenvolvimento local. Inicialmente, o presente estudo expõe uma revisão crítica da literatura acerca do desenvolvimento de práticas de extensão universitária e de empreendedorismo social na educação, explorando as possíveis contribuições para a aprendizagem colaborativa no processo de formação de professores. Mais adiante, as principais atividades implementadas pelo Geografia em Comunidade entre 2013 e 2017 são analisadas de maneira reflexiva tendo como pano de fundo o contexto espacial, demográfico e socioeconômico do bairro e da cidade. As atividades do projeto são situadas dentro de um modelo esquemático elaborado pelos autores que sintetizam as possiblidades de integração entre universidade, escola, poder público e setor privado. O trabalho demonstra que o Geografia em Comunidade deve ser tratado como um case de sucesso com enorme potencial para ser replicado ou, também, inspirar outros projetos do gênero.

Qualidade ambiental urbana e o adensamento populacional em Macapá-AP, Brasil

Este trabalho objetivou a verificação da qualidade ambiental urbana dos bairros: Alvorada; Boné Azul; Brasil Novo; Central e; Cidade Nova, na Cidade de Macapá-AP, Brasil. Para isto, adaptou-se a metodologia de Nucci (2008), onde foram analisados sete atributos (Pontos potencialmente poluidores; Pontos de enchentes; Densidade demográfica; Verticalidade das edificações; Cobertura vegetal; Espaços públicos de lazer e Infraestrutura urbana), para os quais foram elaboradas cartas temáticas que posteriormente foram sobrepostas gerando a carta de qualidade ambiental urbana de cada bairro. Os bairros que apresentaram os melhores resultados foram pela ordem: Alvorada, Boné Azul e Central, enquanto que os piores são pela ordem: Cidade Nova e Brasil Novo e, portanto, necessitam de maior atenção por parte da administração pública. É importante ressaltar que todos os cinco bairros apresentaram algum tipo de problema em relação aos atributos analisados, sendo necessária a realização e efetivação de um planejamento ambiental urbano para todos os cinco bairros estudados, com vista a melhorar a qualidade ambiental e de vida da população.

Desenvolvimentismo, plano-piloto e segregação

Brasília, contradições de uma cidade nova (1967) é um filme de Joaquim Pedro de Andrade cujo projeto foi encomendado e financiado pela Olivetti. No entanto, por não atender às exigências da empresa, e por correr o risco de se embater com o governo vigente, não chegou a ser exibido na época. A recusa deveu-se à exposição das fissuras da desigualdade presentes na capital federal, cujo plano inicial ancorava-se no intuito de dissipar qualquer desnível social, capaz de alçar o Brasil aos patamares progressistas da década de 1960. Todavia, mostra uma cidade nova e planejada capaz de concentrar e desnudar todas as contradições sociais existentes no país, sobretudo com a migração nordestina que foi relegada às cidades-satélites. Todos essesparoxismos associam-se ao desmantelamento educacional, por meio da paralisação da Universidade de Brasília, espécie de microcosmo do sistema educacional brasileiro, no documentário. E tal contiguidade reflete o próprio caos social do país em todas as suas esferas.

Uso do solo e a qualidade da água subterrânea: estudo de caso do aquífero Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

Os aquíferos são distribuídos em todo território amazônico, as águas subterrâneas são abundantes e são recursos estratégicos. No estado do Acre, em especial na cidade de Rio Branco, encontra-se o aquífero com mesmo nome da cidade. O respectivo aquífero é importante reserva hídrica da cidade, no entanto, com a expansão urbana e as diferentes formas de uso do solo sobre a área do lençol subterrâneo ocorrem potenciais impactos negativos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água do aquífero Rio Branco nos bairros Vila Acre e Cidade Nova, bem como o uso do solo nos respectivos bairros. Para tanto, utilizou-se a coleta de água diretamente nos poços do aquífero dos bairros Cidade Nova e Vila Acre. A análise das amostras foi realizada em laboratório levando em consideração características físicas, químicas e biológicas da água. Os aquíferos são importantes para as cidades, no entanto muitos possuem vulnerabilidade alta e contaminação torna-se iminente. Avaliar essas variáveis torna-se relevante.

Análise das tendências nas relações entre fluxo de veículos, arborização e os níveis de intensidade de ruído

A intensidade do ruído nos centros urbanos está diretamente ligada ao crescimento desordenado das cidades. Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar e relacionar os níveis de intensidade sonora provenientes do tráfego de veículos com a temperatura, velocidade do vento, fluxo de veículos e presença de vegetação na Praça da Bíblia, Bairro Cidade Nova, Marabá -PA, margem direita da Rodovia Transamazônica (BR 230). A metodologia empregada foi a exploratória, observativa, sistemática e direta. A área de estudo foi dividida em três seções: A e B, vias arteriais separadas por canteiro central contendo palmeiras, e C, via local, arborizada. Nas três seções, os dados foram coletados durante sessenta dias (abril-maio, 2016) em três horários (06h30min às 07h30min; 12h30min às 13h30min; 18h30min às 19h30min) em cinco pontos (P1, P2, P3, P4 e P5) distantes entre si em quarenta e cinco metros. Os dados obtidos indicaram, quanto à relação entre o fluxo de veículos e a intensidade do ruído, uma tendência a elevação da segunda variável, na seção C (r = 0,72); em relação as áreas arbóreas (altura total), os dados indicaram que a seção C, apresentou tendência a elevada intensidade de ruído (r = 0,72); quanto em função da altura total, houve tendência a diminuição (r = 0,72), mas, para o diâmetro, houve uma tendência de nulidade (r = 0,02), ou seja, essa variável não interfere na intensidade do ruído. Logo, a relação quanto à diminuição da intensidade do ruído, está relacionada com a altura da árvore, pois quanto mais baixa maior será a barreira sonora.

Filme-desvio: do planejamento às contradições

Partindo da noção de desvio, desenvolvido como método filosófico por Guy Debord no livro A sociedade do espetáculo e como técnica situacionista para a crítica da linguagem do espetáculo no ensaio Métodos e técnicas de desvio (escrito por Debord junto com Gil Wolman), propomos pensar o filme Brasília, contradições de uma cidade nova (1967), de Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, como um filme-desvio em relação ao curta-metragem Brasília, planejamento urbano (1964), de Fernando Coni Campos. O desvio, enquanto contrário de uma citação, segue na contramão da verdade oficial e destrói os sentidos propostos pela história dos vencedores. Em seu sentido mais profundo, o desvio incorpora a dialética na forma e convoca o passado como devir. Assim, confrontamos as diferentes imbricações entre tempo cinematográfico e tempo histórico apresentadas pelos filmes em questão, tendo em vista que em Brasília, planejamento urbano a nova capital tem origens míticas e é erguida acima da história, segundo os princípios da utopia modernista, enquanto em Brasília, contradições de uma cidade nova, que traz vários planos e princípios formais semelhantes aos do filme oficial para desviá-los, a cidade é re-historicizada a partir de uma crítica ao presente.

Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro by Bruno Carvalho (review)

Reviewed by: Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro by Bruno Carvalho Sophia Beal Keywords Sophia Beal, Bruno Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Nova carvalho, bruno. Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro. Liver-pool: Liverpool UP, 2013. xv + 235 pp. Henri Lefebvre observes that “no space ever vanishes utterly, leaving no trace.”1 Bruno Carvalho’s Porous City is a masterful testament to the traces of the bygone neighborhood of Cidade Nova. Though it is now mostly covered by a stretch of President Vargas Avenue, this Rio de Janeiro neighborhood had many previous identities. Road construction ultimately caused Cidade Nova’s demise, but also brought about its birth. It was created by royal decree in 1811 by filling in swampland, in part to build a road to shorten Dom João’s commute from his São Cristovão residence to the Royal Palace. It later became known as Little Africa, a yellow [End Page 96] fever hotbed, a “Jewish neighborhood,” a hub for carnival and dance halls, a birthplace of samba and maxixe, and a red-light district, all part of its multilayered identity as a place that was at once geographically central but socially marginal. Carvalho writes, “Like nowhere else in Rio de Janeiro, the neighbourhood was intimately connected to the city’s first inhabited morros (hills, later called favelas), the port area, the bohemian quarter of Lapa, the downtown (Centro), and early working-class suburbs” (2). Though the name Cidade Nova may only resonate for many readers as a Rio de Janeiro subway stop, this area of the city once included many well-known urban locations: the Praça Onze, the Mangue, and the Campo de Santana. Carvalho’s analysis makes comparisons to New York and New Orleans, exposing patterns in how urbanization has influenced popular culture. Like Rio de Janeiro, these two US cities have become known for cultural expressions (particularly music and dance) with popular roots and a bottom-up trajectory, despite topdown urbanism (particularly road construction) that destroyed or bisected the very neighborhoods where this cultural production flourished. Also, like in these other two cities, the cultural elites in Rio de Janeiro have oscillated in their opinion about popular artistic expression. For the carioca literati—who were primarily white, affluent, and Catholic during the timeframe of the study (the 1810s to the 1940s)—Cidade Nova was associated with unrestrained and nonnormative culture. This took many forms in different decades: singing washerwomen, Gypsy parties, street music, Afro-Brazilian and European prostitutes, dance club revelry, carnival celebrations, Afro-Brazilian religious ceremonies, and Jewish music. Despite often racist or anxious reactions to popular culture, Carvalho shows how “white elites often explain and perform their collective identities as Brazilian through a cultural repertoire historically tied to urban poverty, marginality, and non-whites” (201). The most lasting contribution of Porous City is its analysis of how cultural texts position themselves vis-à-vis Cidade Nova. Pegged as a place of lawlessness, and obviously a place of racial and religious intermingling, artists portraying the neighborhood chose their perspective carefully. Did these artists want to align themselves with Cidade Nova? Did they choose a voyeuristic gaze that distanced them from its inhabitants, while simultaneously revealing titillating details for readers’ enjoyment? Did they exoticize, celebrate, or condemn the activities practiced in this neighborhood of the popular classes? Throughout the book, Carvalho makes use of four terms of positionality: aqui (here), aí (there, where you are), ali (there, but close by), and lá (over there). The use of these terms to describe Cidade Nova in cultural texts unveils prejudices, othering, and feelings of belonging. The theoretical frame that most convincingly joins the chronological chapters in the book is this idea of position, which helps untangle how cariocas have experienced, repurposed, and imagined public space. [End Page 97] While some of the cultural texts mentioned are used merely as source texts that help tell parts of Cidade Nova’s story, most texts are closely analyzed, revealing how their artistic (mainly literary) elements express the meaning Cidade Nova held for residents and visitors. For instance, Chapter One analyzes—using Manuel Antônio de Almeida’s novel Memórias de um sargento...

Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro (from the 1810s Onward), by Bruno Carvalho

Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro (from the 1810s Onward), by Bruno Carvalho. Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2013. xv, 235 pp. 19.99 [pounds sterling] (paper). Bruno Carvalho's Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro makes a significant contribution to the understanding of Rio's multi-ethnic, multiracial, and multilayered past (p. x). The book focuses on the neighbourhood of Cidade Nova (New City), which was created in the early 1800s, shortly after the establishment of the Portuguese Royal government in that city. Carvalho shows that although Cidade Nova was created to accommodate the newly arrived nobility, the region soon became a centre for the less fortunate, even holding in its adjoining hills Rio's first favelas. From its creation, it became clear that the aristocracy preferred to settle in the areas near the sea, the South Zone, which is still today the area favoured by the most affluent residents of Rio. Throughout the book's introduction, six chapters, and conclusion, the reader is taken on a journey in Rio's past from its sudden role as the centre of the Portuguese Empire through the urban renovations of the twentieth century that attempted to transform the old colonial town into a modern metropolis. The book clearly shows how Cidade Nova was an unique area because of the confluence of multilayers of cultural spaces, possibly due to the multicultural nature of the neighbourhood--composed mostly of Africans, Afro-descendants, Roma, Jews, impoverished rural migrants as well as poor European immigrants. In this context, Carvalho argues that the Cidade Nova was fundamental in the creation of a genuine Brazilian culture by providing the physical space for these multicultural encounters. The six chapters are organized as historic layers showing an interaction that could be described as porous: full of passageways, cumulative, marked by unfixed boundaries. Overall the book aims to explain how Rio's environment of inequality and asymmetrical exchanges allowed the thriving of a permeable cultural existence (p. 10). Carvalho very well captures the relevance of the neighbourhood, especially of its public square, Praga Onze, as the bedrock of Brazilianess. In the 1920s and 1930s intellectuals and politicians began searching for what made Brazil Brazilian. The embraced answer was found in the apparent racial fusion and the contributions born out of this mixture. Yet, the author also illustrates that the experiences of Cidade Nova played a major role in influencing the literary narratives that in the twentieth century would be used to portray Brazil as a racial democracy and as the land of carnaval. In addition, the author points out that while this acceptance of a national identity based on cultural mixture began to be prominent, urban reforms and political attitudes created a city that was becoming increasingly divided. …

Porous City: A Cultural History of Rio de Janeiro

The author attempts to get at much of Rio's past through the ways in which “writers, artists, and urban dwellers … perceive, remember, manipulate, and imagine” the city (p. xii). He focuses on the area called the Cidade Nova to do this. He emphasizes class and race relations as well as cultural expression over time, particularly in the era from the mid-nineteenth century through to the Estado Novo (1937–1945). It is pioneering, ambitious work, but, in terms of history, its successes are often problematic.The Cidade Nova was a new extension of Rio, built up in the early nineteenth century to facilitate travel between the monarch's country seat and the old port city, which stretched from its origins along the eastern and northern shores to the west and the south, between the hills and over the wetlands characterizing the geography. The author sees the Cidade Nova as a metaphor for the cultural and social linkages as well as the social fear and tension between the old city, center and seat of the elite and literary culture, and the masses, often Afro-Brazilian or poor white immigrants from Europe, many of whom came to make the Cidade Nova their home. While the author is successful in conveying something of these aspects of Rio's past, the informed reader may be distracted by errors and contradictions. The author's credibility is strained by his uneven management of the chronology and nature of Rio's urban expansion, his confusion between the impact and intent of policy, and his comments on Brazil's political history. More troubling still, his treatment of the Cidade Nova is surprisingly disappointing at times. Let us leave aside his determination to label the area a “Jewish neighbourhood” (p. 2 and chap. 4, passim) in the early twentieth century; that is simply untenable by his own evidence and unnecessary for the main thrust of his analysis. However, there are more dubious claims. In trying to suggest the Cidade Nova's mid-nineteenth-century political centrality, for example, he notes its proximity to the Senate, the Town Hall, the military, the mint, and a museum at the Campo da Aclamação. This is something of a strain; it simply erases the significant distinction between the campo, traditionally the limit of the old city, and the Cidade Nova. More important, it misses the obvious and greater political power associated with the Chamber of Deputies and the monarch's city palace, both in the old city's established center at the Largo do Paço and the oldest stretch of the city's port. To give another example, in trying to jam the origins of Afro-Brazilian cultural practice and impact into the Cidade Nova, he basically ignores or distorts the chronology and shifts in Afro-Brazilian urban and cultural history in the old city, the northern portside area, and the favelas by subordinating and incorporating them into the Cidade Nova's trajectory. The most egregious example is his occasional conflation of that trajectory with the history of “Little Africa” (an area that stretched from the old city and northern portside areas to the eastern beginning of the Cidade Nova, the celebrated Praça Onze).To be fair, the author was trained in literary criticism. Thus, despite the “history” in the title, one might forgive the absence of the specificity and many of the practices or concerns of historians (however often one remains impressed with the author's sampling and syntheses of historians' work). For example, his analysis of Rio's slavery, its poverty, or its working-class organization and resistance should not be compared to the now classic works — see the survey and references in June E. Hahner's Poverty and Politics: The Urban Poor in Brazil, 1870–1920 (1986) — or to newer studies on these subjects, such as Brodwyn Fischer's A Poverty of Rights (2008) or Marcelo Badaró Mattos's Escravizados e livres (2008). Nor should his study of popular cultural history be compared to, say, Martha Abreu's O império do divino (1999) or Bryan McCann's Hello, Hello Brazil (2004).Still, the author's interest in recovering the past is evident and serious. He has studied published primary sources, interviewed period survivors, consulted certain archives, and quoted primary sources from the secondary literature (indeed, the bibliography is an enviable and useful one). It is often an evocative, engaging work, reminding us, again, of the possibilities of cultural artifacts and this city's particularly rich and complex past for a variety of research. More, the book will interest and challenge specialists on Rio, of whatever discipline.

Temporal genetic structure of major dengue vector Aedes aegypti from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

In recent years, high levels of Aedes aegypti infestation and several dengue outbreaks with fatal outcome cases have been reported in Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. This situation made it important to understand the genetic structure and gene flow patterns among the populations of this vector in Manaus, vital pieces of information for their management and development of new control strategies. In this study, we used nine microsatellite loci to examine the effect of seasonality on the genetic structure and gene flow patterns in Ae. aegypti populations from four urban neighborhoods of Manaus, collected during the two main rainy and dry seasons. All loci were polymorphic in the eight samples from the two seasons, with a total of 41 alleles. The genetic structure analyses of the samples from the rainy season revealed genetic homogeneity and extensive gene flow, a result consistent with the abundance of breeding sites for this vector. However, the samples from the dry season were significantly structured, due to a reduction of Ne in two (Praça 14 de Janeiro and Cidade Nova) of the four samples analyzed, and this was the primary factor influencing structure during the dry season. Genetic bottleneck analyses suggested that the Ae. aegypti populations from Manaus are being maintained continuously throughout the year, with seasonal reduction rather than severe bottleneck or extinction, corroborating previous reports. These findings are of extremely great importance for designing new dengue control strategies in Manaus.

APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TO THIRD SECTOR PUBLISHING HOUSE

This paper presents and discusses some of the results of practical application of Social Network Analysis for Information (SNA) to a nonprofit organization, the publishing house Cidade Nova. The article starts by presenting the empirical and methodological options and refers the social networks basic terminology, after which the research procedures are detailed. Lastly, results from the actors Information Social Network (ISN) and from the complete ISN (where alters are included) are presented, to which were used degree, closeness and betweenness centralities, the strength of weak ties of Granovetter and the lambda (?) set measures.

Application of social network analysis for information to third sector publishing house

This paper presents and discusses some of the results of practical application of Social Network Analysis for Information (SNA) to a nonprofit organization, the publishing house Cidade Nova. The article starts by presenting the empirical and methodological options and refers the social networks basic terminology, after which the research procedures are detailed. Lastly, results from the actors Information Social Network (ISN) and from the complete ISN (where alters are included) are presented, to which were used degree, closeness and betweenness centralities, the strength of weak ties of Granovetter and the lambda (?) set measures.

Mortality from oral cancer in Aracaju/SE, Brazil: 2000-2009

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of oral cancer varies widely in the world, with two thirds of cases diagnosed in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of deaths from oral cancer and the spatial distribution in the city of Aracaju in the state of Sergipe between 2000 and 2009. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data were collected using the Mortality Information System (MIS) of Aracaju/SE at the DATASUS website and were tabulated using the software TABWIN 3.4. The geographic distribution of deaths by neighborhoods of that city was visualized. RESULT: Of the 78 deaths, 61 (78.2%) were male. The mean age was 64.23 years. Individuals of mixed ethnicity had a higher death frequency (34.6%). Regarding education, the majority of death certificates recorded the option ignored, followed by individuals with 1 to 3 years of study. The anatomical sites most affected were unspecified parts of the mouth (43.6%). The spatial distribution analysis indicated that neighborhoods such as Santos Dumont, Luzia, Atalaia, Santa Maria, Cidade Nova and Industrial had the highest death frequencies. CONCLUSION: Males between the fifth and sixth decades of life of mixed ethnicity, low education and in neighborhoods with low and very low standards of living constitute the epidemiological profile for deaths from oral cancer.

Genetic Diversity in Dengue Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Amazon Region: Comparative Analysis with Isozymes and RAPD Loci

Four populations of Aedes aegypti from Manaus were studied, using allozymes and RAPD loci, to determine intra- and interpopulation genetic variability and differentiation and to compare genetic structure parameters assessed with both markers. Five RAPD primers produced 52 polymorphic fragments, whereas only seven of 18 isozyme loci were polymorphic. The population from Praca 14 was the most polymorphic (P= 94.23% and P= 55.6%); while those from Coroado (P= 82.69% and P= 44.40%) and from Cidade Nova (P= 84.61% and P= 44.40%) were the least polymorphic, for both RAPD and isozymes respectively. The observed heterozygosity was higher between populations (Ho= 0.33 - 0.38) as assessed by RAPD. Wright's F statistics showed an F is value higher than F st (F is = 0.164 > F st = 0.048). AMOVA indicated that 95.12% of the genetic variability is intrapopulational. Even so, both of the genetic markers evaluated showed a relatively high gene flow ((N m = 15.15), and possibly are still random couplings, although the F is value was not low. The genetic distance between populations was similarly low for both markers: RAPD (0.012 - 0.016) and Isozymes (0.003 - 0.016). These results show that as assessed by both markers, the populations are genetically similar, and that isozymes (codominant) are the most efficient to detect the population genetic structure. Although isozymes revealed less genetic diversity than RAPDs, the estimated levels of genetic distance were identical.

São Paulo: a história e a realidade

Neste artigo, discutem-se vários fatores, tais como a ascensão da vila de taipas a pólo industrial, o núcleo do triângulo central, a instalação dos cursos jurídicos na vila e do acesso ferroviário, a implantação da produção de energia hidrelétrica e transporte público. Além disso, apontam-se dados como a imigração européia, a prosperidade do café possibilitando a abertura do Parque do Anhangabaú e do primeiro Viaduto do Chá para a Cidade Nova, a ocupação do Quadrante Sudoeste, a instalação do parque industrial, a implantação do Plano de Avenidas e a construção do segundo Viaduto do Chá. Ainda se inserem no artigo a imigração da população rural, o período tecnocrático de consolidação do zoneamento, o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PDDI) com segregação do uso do solo, a flexibilização no uso e ocupação do solo. Por fim, destacam-se o Plano Diretor de 1986 na implantação das Operações Urbanas, o Estatuto da Cidade, o Plano Diretor Estratégico de 2002, o Plano Estratégico para Subprefeituras, em 2004, a outorga onerosa e a arrecadação extratributária.

Segurança/insegurança alimentar em famílias urbanas e rurais no estado do Amazonas: I. validação de metodologia e de instrumento de coleta de informação

O presente estudo validou a metodologia e o instrumento de coleta de informação para análise da segurança/insegurança alimentar, em famílias urbanas e rurais no estado do Amazonas conforme o proposto pelo USDA (Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos). Valendo-se de amostra intencional de domicílios, selecionadas para representar estratos sociais diferentes foram computadas 194 famílias sendo 174 com crianças na área urbana de Manaus, envolvendo os seguintes bairros: Jesus me Deu, Novo Israel, Cidade Nova, Coroado e Conjunto Petro. Na área rural foram entrevistadas 209 famílias ribeirinhas e destas 131 com crianças, distribuídas entre os Municípios de Iranduba e Manacapuru. A validação final do questionário (Consistência interna global) deu-se por meio da comparação dos níveis de segurança e insegurança alimentar, com os estratos definidos dos indicadores sociais e de consumo. Pode-se concluir que os grupos com maior insegurança alimentar foram os situados em estratos sociais mais baixos e de baixo consumo de alimentos sensíveis a estas condições. O instrumento de coleta apresentou alta validade e consistência interna.

Enzymatic variability in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Manaus-AM, Brazil

Eighteen enzymatic loci were analysed in Aedes aegypti populations from four neighbourhoods in the city of Manaus. The analyses showed that the Downtown population was the most polymorphic (p = 55.6%) with higher observed and expected mean heterozygosities (Ho = 0.152 ± 0.052; He = 0.174 ± 0.052, respectively). The least variability was detected in the Coroado and Cidade Nova populations, both with polymorphism of 44.4%. The latter population presented the least observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.109 ± 0.037). Wright's F statistics showed that the mean value of Fis was higher than that of Fst (Fis = 0.164 > Fst = 0.048), and from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) it was found that 95.12% of the variability is found within populations indicating a certain intra-population differentiation possibly of the microgeographic structure resulting from some barrier in the random coupling. Although the four populations were similar genetically (D = 0.003 to 0.016), the 4.88% differentiation was significant.