Chronic Renal Failure Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of Hemoglobin and Creatinine Levels in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Therapy

Chronic Renal Failure (CKD) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to maintain the body's fluid composition. Hemodialysis is one of the therapies to replace deteriorating kidney function. Deteriorating kidney function conditions cause the ability of erythropoietin to be disrupted and anemia occurs, so checking hemoglobin levels is useful to control the patient's hemoglobin levels and creatinine examination to detect the severity of kidney function disorders. This study aims to determine the relationship of hemodialysis therapy with hemoglobin and creatinine levels in CKD patients at Baptist Hospital, Kediri City. This study is important to obtain information and provide education to patients regarding the significant effect of hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure patients so that chronic renal failure patients are motivated and disciplined to carry out hemodialysis therapy according to a set schedule. The design of this study was a cross-sectional survey with independent variables being hemodialysis therapy in patients with chronic renal failure and dependent variables being hemoglobin and creatinine levels. 30 respondents were using the quota sampling method. The results of this study were the average examination results of hemoglobin levels of 9.0 g/dL and creatinine of 4.45 mg/dL. Based on the Pearson Correlation test, the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.369, and the p-value = (0.045) > alpha = 0.05 (5%), thus H1 is accepted. The relationship between hemoglobin and creatinine levels in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing therapy hemodialysis at Baptist Hospital in Kediri City.

Overview of HbsAg Testing Results for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Ciamis Hospital

Background & Objective: Chronic renal failure is a slow and incurable disease. Regular treatment can halt the deterioration of kidney function, with kidney transplantation and hemodialysis being the most common options. However, hemodialysis patients are at risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus due to the use of repeated vascular access and high frequency of hemodialysis. This study aims to describe the results of HBsAg examination in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo hemodialysis. Method: The research is a descriptive study that used a purposive sampling technique and was conducted in May-June 2022. The study included 44 chronic renal failure patients who underwent HBsAg examination using the Immunochromatography method. Result: The study's results showed that all 44 respondents (100%) who underwent hemodialysis had negative HBsAg examination results, indicating that they were not exposed to the Hepatitis B virus. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study indicates that chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis are not at risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus. Further research could include quantitative Hepatitis B antibody examinations.

Non Adherence to Fluid Restriction among Patients who Undergoing Hemodialysis and Influencing Factors: Study at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto

Background: Nonadherence to Fluid Restriction is main problem among chronic renal failure patients who undergoing hemodialysis, it causingan undesirable effect on health and risk of death. Several factors such as sociodemographic, knowledge, susceptibility of illness, perceived treat, perceived controlare some factors influencing Nonadherence behavior. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction who undergoing hemodialysis at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto. Methods: A descriptive analytic with crossectional techniques was conducted among 73 patients undergoing hemodialysis at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through checklist and questionnaires. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis and logistic regression test was used analysis the predictor of factors relating with Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction who undergoing hemodialysis. Results: The results of this study showed 37% patients were Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction and 63% patients were adherence. There were three risk factors for non-adherencee, namely (Health Belief Model) HBM, history of disease and length of time undergoing hemodialysis. HBM 0.132 times higher (95% CI: 0.132, 0.035), history of disease 0.072 times higher (95% CI: 0.072, 0.012), and length of time undergoing hemodialysis 0.071 times higher (95% CI: 0.071, 0.016). Conclusion: HBM, history of disease and length of time undergoing hemodialysis were risk factors for Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction. The nurse should consider the patient's adherence with fluid restrictions in providing nursing care.

The Relationship between Long Time Undergoing Hemodialysis and Stress Levels in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Bendan Regional Hospital, Pekalongan City

Chronic renal failure is characterised by irreversible decline in kidney function. Chronic renal failure requires haemodialysis therapy. Long time undergoing haemodialysis can cause psychological problems such as stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between length of haemodialysis and stress level in chronic renal failure patients undergoing haemodialysis at Bendan Hospital, Pekalongan City. Methods: The research design used descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. The study population were all chronic renal failure patients undergoing haemodialysis at Bendan Hospital, Pekalongan City, as many as 70 people.  The study sample were 70 patients with chronic renal failure who underwent haemodialysis at Bendan Hospital, Pekalongan City by total sampling. The research instruments were questionnaires and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data analysis used spearman rank correlation test. Results: the majority of respondents, 36 people (51,4%) had undergone haemodialysis for ≤ 1 year and the majority of respondents, 58 people (82.9%) experienced moderate stress. The results showed that there was  relationship between the length of undergoing haemodialysis with stress levels in chronic renal failure patients undergoing haemodialysis at Bendan Hospital, Pekalongan City with a ρ value: 0,000 with a correlation value of rho of -0,438, which means that the length of haemodialysis has a moderate strength of relationship with stress levels. Conclusion: length of haemodialysis is associated with stress levels of chronic kidney failure patients

Determinant and Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Patients

Left ventricular hypertrophy is the most common cardiovascular complication in chronic renal failure. It appears to be associated with excess mortality. Objective: To determine the factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to describe their influence on renal function. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study conducted over 6 years (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017) on CKD patients who had an electrocardiogram or cardiac ultrasound. Results: A total of 329 patients were included. LVH was found in 223 patients, a prevalence of 68%. The sex ratio M/F was 2.1. Mean age was 51.05±14.17 years (range 11-95 years). Arterial hypertension predominated (97% of cases), followed by diabetes (26%).Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that LVH was associated with: age ≤51 years (p=0.0037) and with arterial hypertension (p=0.0018) and anemia (p=0.0018). Over a 5-year period, CKD patients with LVH experienced a more rapid decline in renal function than those without LVH (p<0.0001). There was also a higher rate of death in patients with LVH (83%) than in those without (46%) during a 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: LVH is an important factor in the poor prognosis of CKD. This calls for systematic screening and early management by a multidisciplinary team.

Medication-related burden of chronic renal failure patients at regional general hospital Sleman Yogyakarta

Medication-related burden of chronic renal failure patients at regional general hospital Sleman Yogyakarta

Serum Biochemical Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with aberrations in the metabolism of minerals, such as calcium, phosphates, sodium, and potassium and other biochemical parameters. Various studies have identified parathyroid hormone (PTH) as the main regulator of minerals and biochemical parameters homeostasis. This study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical profile in CRF patients on hemodialysis in Aden. Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross sectional study, conducted in Aden Hemodialysis Center for the period Jan.1st to June 30th, 2022. Included 82 patients with CRF on HD. The data collected included demographic with clinical data, and blood samples taken for complete blood count and serum creatinine; urea; sodium; potassium; total calcium, ionized calcium; phosphate; alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. Results: More male were found than female patients with CRF (67.1% vs. 32.9% respectively), with a mean age of 48.8 ± 12.6 years. The mean body mass index was (23.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and the mean duration of CRF was (4.8 ± 2.9 years). For renal function, the mean serum creatinine, urea, and estimated creatinine clearance were (9.9 mg/dl, 128.6 mg/dl, and 7.1 mL/min per 1.73 m2 respectively). For minerals, the mean serum sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, calcium and ionized calcium were (134.4 mmol/L, 5.04 mmol/L, 104.1 mmol/L, 4.37 mg/dl, 9.4 mg/dl, and 1.12 mmol/L, respectively). The mean Calcium x Phosphorus product was in the recommended range (40.7mg2/dl2). The mean alkaline phosphatase was (286.2 U/L), and the mean parathyroid hormone was (322.7 pg/ml). Secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH level of ≥130 pg/ml) was detected in (58.5%) of them. Parathormone concentration showed significant positive correlation to alkaline phosphatase (r: 0.640, p:0.001) in patients with CRF on hemodialysis. Conclusion: This study concluded that in patients with CRF on HD, there is an increase level of alkaline phosphatase which is considered as an adjunct marker of high-turnover bone disease associated with disturbed level of calcium and phosphorus that increase serum PTH level.

The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in (STIM1 and ORAI1) on Erythropoietin Resistance in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis in Iraq

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between genetic polymorphisms in store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) signaling and resistance to erythropoietin treatment in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Anemia is a significant complication of CRF, and understanding the genetic factors contributing to resistance could provide insights into potential mechanisms influencing treatment outcomes. Specifically, the focus is on exploring the relationship between SOCs, a pathway activated by erythropoietin, and resistance to address the challenges associated with anemia in CRF patients.
 Methods: In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism in each STIM1 and ORAI1 gene was selected. Genotyping was done by using allele specific polymerase chain reaction technique and the data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 112 patients with CRF on hemodialysis were enrolled 58.9% of them were men and the mean age was 50.94±13.42.
 Results: We found that CC genotype of ORAI1 gene has a higher hemoglobin level, AA genotype of STIM1 has a higher EPO level, the interaction of the two genes showed that CCGG group has a higher Hb level and is considered good responder but represents only 4.5% of the patients
 Conclusion: After all the genetic polymorphisms of SOCs genes ORAI1 and STIM1 have no significant impact on erythropoietin resistance in patients with CRF on hemodialysis in Iraq.

Audiological and Vestibular Measurements in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment.

The aim was to evaluate the changes in the audiovestibular system in adult patients with the diagnosis of chronic renal failure who were treated with hemodialysis. Thirty-five patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure and receiving hemodialysis treatment 3 days a week and 35 healthy individuals were tested with pure tone audiometry, video head impulse test, and post-head shake nystagmus test. Dizziness Handicap Inventory was applied to all participants. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores of the patient groups are higher than the control groups (P=.001). In the video head impulse test, there is no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of gain asymmetry. 17.1% of the patients had both left and right lateral saccades (P=.03). A statistically significant difference was also found after the post-head shake test (P=.025). In the patient group, an inverse relationship between the presence of left anterior right posterior saccades and blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio and a direct relationship between the presence of right anterior left posterior saccades and creatinine elevation were determined. The presence of saccades in the video head impulse test increased significantly as the disease duration of hemodialysis patients increased. It was determined that the overt and covert saccades in the video head impulse test increased significantly as the creatinine increased and the duration of the disease increased in the patients with chronic renal failure. The common clinical usage of video head impulse test in monitoring the vestibular side effects of creatinine elevation and disease duration in chronic renal failure patients may be possible with future studies.

Prevalence of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective: Chronic kidney disease is usually associated with anemia and the level of anemia correlates with the severity of the renal failure. The kidneys help in maintaining electrolyte balance and blood pressure. They produce the active form of vitamin D and a substance called erythropoietin, which stimulates production of red blood cells. Chronic kidney disease has adverse consequences on almost all body systems resulting in high rate of complications i.e. anemia, cardiac, vascular pulmonary etc. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in chronic renal failure patients. Material and Methods: It is across sectional study and the data was collected from department of pathology and dialysis unit of Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad from January 2021 to December 2021. All the patients who presented with sign and symptoms of chronic kidney disease were included in the study. Data was recorded in specially designed proforma and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: Total 89 chronic kidney disease patients were included in the study among them 58 (65%) were males 31 (35%) were females. The average age of patients was 55 ± 16.409. Based on eGFR values the CDK patients that belonged to stage 1-5 were 5% (n=4), 6% (n=5), 9% (n=8), 18% (n=16) and 63% (n=56) respectively. The prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients was 95.5% (n=85) among which 62% (n=56) were males and 32% (n=29) were females. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most common type with prevalence of 72% (n=64). Mild anemia was recorded in 41(46%) of the CKD patients while severe anemia was recorded in 3(3%) of patients. Besides CDK, diabetes mellitus was present as a comorbid feature in 4 (5%) of the patients, 16 (18%) had positive history of hypertension and 1 (1%) was positive for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Mild degree of anemia was seen in CKD patients. Most common type of anemia was normocytic normochromic. Most of the patients presented at stage 5. Comorbidities associated in CKD patients were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Individualized Dietary Guidance can Help Improve Dietary Compliance in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis, Improve their Nutritional Status and Enhance their Quality of Life

This study aimed to examine the impact of individualized dietary guidance on the recovery of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This study included 124 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between March 2020 and March 2023. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 62 patients in each group. Patients in the observation group received individualized dietary guidance, while those in the control group received conventional dietary guidance. After the intervention, patients in the observation group had higher Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire scores, transferrin, albumin, and prealbumin levels, Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 scores, and fasting blood glucose levels than those in the control group. Furthermore, patients in the observation group had lower subjective global assessment scores, blood phosphorus levels, and incidence of hypoglycemia than those in the control group. Individualized dietary guidance can help improve dietary compliance in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, improve their nutritional status, enhance the effectiveness of blood phosphorus and blood glucose management, and elevate their quality of life.

Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block with Ropivacaine in Basilic Vein Transposition Surgery for Chronic Renal Failure Patients: An Interventional Study

Introduction: Basilic Vein Transposition surgery (BVT) is preferred under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block, which provides excellent and safe anaesthesia in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients. Ropivacaine, with a shorter elimination half-life than bupivacaine and better pharmacokinetics, is a safer option as a local anaesthetic agent in CRF. Aim: To assess the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block and the need for additional local infiltration at the surgical site for BVT. Materials and Methods: In present interventional study conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India, 25 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) III/IV CRF patients, aged 18-80 years, who underwent BVT surgery, were included from December 2021 to November 2022. A 20 mL dose of 0.5% ropivacaine was administered to these patients via ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block. The surgeon performed local infiltration with 10 mL of lignocaine at the T2 dermatomal area in all patients. Descriptive statistics were calculated for age, weight, ASA status, onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, and the need for additional local infiltration. Results: The mean age and mean weight of the patients were 52 years and 57.68 kg, respectively. Total 17 were male and eight were female, while 23 were ASA III and two were ASA IV. After administering the supraclavicular block, the mean onset of sensory and motor blockade was 9±2.3629 and 13.16±2.6721 minutes, respectively. The mean duration of sensory and motor blockade was 612.8±132.815 and 522.8±121.124 minutes, respectively. All patients required local site infiltration (10 mL of 1% lignocaine-Adrenaline) as the T2 dermatome is usually spared by the supraclavicular block. Three patients required additional local anaesthetic infiltration. Conclusion: Minimising the concentration and volume of local anaesthetic drugs without compromising efficacy is challenging, particularly in BVT, where the incision is extensive and performed under supraclavicular BPB in high-risk CRF patients. The anaesthesia practice of using a low volume of 0.5% ropivacaine in BPB under ultrasound guidance, along with local anaesthetic infiltration with 1% lignocaine with adrenaline at the T2 dermatome, can serve this purpose without any complications.

A Case of Successful Pregnancy and Delivery in a Chronic Renal Failure Patient with Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Preeclampsia-related Nephrotic Syndrome.

A 37-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease stage (CKD) G4 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was hospitalized for nephrotic syndrome and hypertension due to superimposed preeclampsia at 27 weeks into her third pregnancy. Proteinuria did not worsen significantly after pulse steroid therapy. Delivery was induced at 30 weeks' gestation due to the maternal renal function and fetal growth. No obvious fetal complications other than preterm delivery were observed. In this case, we successfully managed a high-risk patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis complicated by advanced CKD, nephrotic syndrome, and hypertension, which are independent risk factors for pregnancy complications.

Clinico-pathological Spectrum of Rare Skin Syndromes and Diseases: A Series of Five Cases

A significant threat to patients’ well-being, mental health, capacity to function, and social participation- a measure of disability- is posed by skin diseases, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the fact that the majority of rare diseases are complex, disabling, and life-threatening, little knowledge has been gained in this area. The diagnosis and classification of these rare skin syndromes with pre-determined sets of symptoms present a challenge. To diagnose a rare skin syndrome, one frequently has to correlate histologic findings with clinical symptoms, as there is a vast range of skin disorders, many of whose histologic traits overlap with just slight variances. However, histologic knowledge alone makes it difficult to diagnose these; proper diagnosis demands appropriate clinical knowledge. In the present study institute, 675 skin biopsies were performed over the course of five years, from 2018 to 2022. Based on clinico-pathological analysis, various rare skin syndromes were diagnosed, as depicted in present case series of five cases (10 years old boy, 40 years old male, 27 years old male, 44 years old male, 52 years old male patients) for: a) Griscelli Syndrome; b) Gougerot-Carteaud Syndrome, considered rare as it is one of the underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed syndromes due to its similarity with Pityriasis versicolour; c) Kyrle’s disease, a rare perforating dermatosis occurring in 10% of chronic renal failure patients who are on dialysis; d) Nekam’s disease; e) Sweet syndrome, an uncommon syndrome occurring in about 10-20% of malignancies.

Melittin induces autophagy to alleviate chronic renal failure in 5/6-nephrectomized rats and angiotensin II-induced damage in podocytes.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a complex pathological condition that lacks a cure. Certain Chinese medicines, such as melittin, a major component in bee venom, have shown efficacy in treating CRF patients. On the other hand, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of melittin are unclear. A 5/6 nephrectomy model (5/6 Nx) of renal failure was established on rats for in vivo assays, and mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC5) mouse podocyte cells were treated with angiotensin II (AngII) to establish an in vitro podocyte damage model. The 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels were evaluated after one, 2, and 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to examine the pathological changes in kidney tissues. A cell counting kit 8 assay was used to assess the cell viability. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to assess the mRNA and protein levels in the cells, respectively. In the rat 5/6 Nx, melittin reduced the 24-h urinary protein excretion and the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Furthermore, the renal pathology was improved in the melittin-treated 5/6 Nx rats. Melittin promoted podocin, nephrin, Beclin 1, and the LC3II/LC3I ratio and inhibited phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR in 5/6 Nx-induced rats and AngII-induced MPC5 mouse podocyte cells. Moreover, inhibiting autophagy with 3-MA weakened the effects of melittin on podocin, nephrin, and the LC3II/LC3I ratio in podocytes. Melittin may offer protection against kidney injury, probably by regulating podocyte autophagy. These results provide the theoretical basis for applying melittin in CRF therapy.

Determinant and Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Patients

Left ventricular hypertrophy is the most common cardiovascular complication in chronic renal failure. It appears to be associated with excess mortality. Objective: To determine the factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to describe their influence on renal function. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study conducted over 6 years (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017) on CKD patients who had an electrocardiogram or cardiac ultrasound. Results: A total of 329 patients were included. LVH was found in 223 patients, a prevalence of 68%. The sex ratio M/F was 2.1. Mean age was 51.05±14.17 years (range 11-95 years). Arterial hypertension predominated (97% of cases), followed by diabetes (26%).Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that LVH was associated with: age ≤51 years (p=0.0037) and with arterial hypertension (p=0.0018) and anemia (p=0.0018). Over a 5-year period, CKD patients with LVH experienced a more rapid decline in renal function than those without LVH (p<0.0001). There was also a higher rate of death in patients with LVH (83%) than in those without (46%) during a 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: LVH is an important factor in the poor prognosis of CKD. This calls for systematic screening and early management by a multidisciplinary team.

Association of Gender, Age, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters among Chronic Renal Failure Patients at Zawia Kidney Hospital

Background and objectives. Chronic renal failure is a major problem and one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. kidneys maintain internal balance of water, salts and minerals by eliminating waste products from the body. This study conducted to evaluate the association of physiological and biochemical changes among patients with renal failure who undergo dialysis compared to healthy people. Also, to identify the incidence of CKD in males and females. Methods. This study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 at Zawia Kidney Hospital. It was including 114 patients with chronic renal failure and 75 healthy people. The biochemical variables which were examined in the blood serum include glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and electrolytes in patients with renal failure as well as the healthy people. Results. This study showed that patients aged over 31year had higher frequency of kidney failure. There was a statistically significant difference in the glucose levels between the patient’s group and the control group (p < 0.001) with patients having higher average glucose levels compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in cholesterol levels (p˂0.904). However, there was a statistically significant difference in triglyceride levels between patients and controls (p-value =0.021) as patients having higher levels compared to the control group. Statistically significant differences observed in urea, creatinine, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphate values among renal failure and control groups as (p˂0.001 for each). In the relationship between blood type patients and kidney disease, the results showed a significant association between blood type and kidney failure (p<0.001). Also, our study revealed that there is a significant correlation between gender and chronic renal failure (p<0.001). In addition, an odds ratio of 11.7 indicates that the odds of men developing kidney failure are 11.7 times higher than that of women. Conclusion. Older ages, male, and O blood group are risk factors for chronic renal failure. Clear difference in the level of biochemical parameters in chronic renal failure compared to healthy people.

Changes of FGF23 and hearing in chronic renal failure and their correlation analysis

BackgroundTo explore the association between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and hearing in chronic renal failure (CRF). MethodsPure tone audiometry was used to detect the hearing of patients with CRF; the level of serum FGF23, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and mean binaural hearing threshold were compared to the control group (people without kidney disease). The rat model of renal failure was established by 5/6 nephrectomy, and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of rats after modeling was detected by the Tucker Davis Technologies (TDT) system; the expression level of FGF23 in the peripheral blood, renal and cochlear tissue was also detected. ResultsThe incidence of hearing loss (HL) and serum FGF23 were higher in CRF patients than the control group; the sFGF23 was positively correlated with the mean binaural hearing threshold. Animal studies showed that the ABR threshold, creatinine, FGF23, BUN, and PTH increased after modeling; although, an increase in FGF23 was observed earlier than other indicators. The HL of rats with renal failure was significantly correlated with BUN, phosphate, PTH, sFGF23, kFGF23/β-actin, eFGF23/β-actin, weight, and modeling cycle. ConclusionsBoth CRF patients and rat models showed high-frequency HL. FGF23 was highly expressed in the serum of HL renal failure patients and rats, as well as in the renal tissue and cochlea of renal failure rats. Therefore, FGF23 may be involved in the occurrence and development of HL caused by CRF.

Oral Changes in Chronic Renal Failure Patients in One of the Regional Hospitals in Kosovo

Oral Changes in Chronic Renal Failure Patients in One of the Regional Hospitals in Kosovo

Evaluation of Some Parameters to Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Induced Nephropathy in the Population Sample of Al Dewaniyah Province

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN is a dreaded consequence of Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), accounting for about 40% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Aim: finding a predictive and tracking function of kidney failure and generalizing it as a clinical diagnostic method effective, and finding related to the development of complications of this disease with age, gender, familiar History, smoking and area of residence. Subjects: Study was conducted at a single center in Iraq from the beginning of February to the end of July 2021,The 90 individual were divided into 2 groups, of which 50 were chronic renal failure patients with T2D, and 40 were age and sex matched controls.Methods: The Insulin and HbA1C% levels was measured by using sandwich ELISA technique and a sandwich immune detection method respectively, A spectrophotometric method was applied to measure concentrations of urea, creatinine and glucose, in serum samples, then the urea-creatinine ratio and HOMA-IR were calculated mathematically. Results: There were significant elevated differences (p<0.05) for all parameters in the patient group compared to healthy controls. Moreover, ANOVA test showed significant (p<0.05) variation when Urea, Creatinine, Glucose, HOMA-IR and HbA1C % levels were compared between the same sex in the two subgroups, while the test showed significant (p<0.05) variation for only males when Urea: Creatinine ratio and Insulin levels were compared between the same sex. Conclusion: It can be dependable on investigations of Urea, Creatinine, Urea: Creatinine ratio Glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1C % as good prognostic indicators for diagnosis renal failure resulting from complications of DM.