Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma Research Articles

Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma as an Occasional Finding in Sudden Cardiac Death

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) is a rare solid mass characterized by the presence of a fibrotic capsule that can present a variety of signs and symptoms due to the mass effect and hydrocephalus. It may be caused by post-traumatic or spontaneous bleeding as related to an adjacent aneurysm, angiomas or neoplasms. Differential diagnosis must be applied in order for it to mimic neoplasm or a vascular malformation. Several cases of CEIH have been reported but only a few of them have an intraventricular localization. A forensic autopsy of a 50-year-old male who died suddenly while driving is discussed. Gross analysis, histology and toxicology were performed and a CEIH of the right lateral ventricle was found in a case of acute coronary death.

Post Traumatic Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma in a Child: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CE-ICH) is an uncommon pathology that presents with headache, seizure, focal neurological deficits, or as a tumor. Trauma as a cause for CE-ICH is even rare and we believe this is the first case report as “trauma causing chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma “search in PubMed did not reveal any results. Repeated micro-hemorrhages in the CM or AVM are supposed to cause this lesion which progress from an earlier encapsulated phase to a thick capsulated stage with edema and clinical symptoms. CT or MRI is the diagnostic modality and it mimics, tumor, AVM, CM, angiomableed, cerebral abscess, metastatic mass or neurocysticercosis. Burr hole, mini-craniotomy, craniotomy, CT guided stereotactic aspiration or endoscopic excision are some options with equally good results. The present case with history of trauma was managed successfully with craniotomy with no recurrence for past one year. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 14, Number 3, 2017, page: 46-48

Chronic Encapsulated Expanding Thalamic Hematoma Associated with Obstructive Hydrocephalus following Radiosurgery for a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma is a unique type of intracerebral hematoma accompanied by a capsule that is abundant in fragile microvasculature occasionally causing delayed regrowth. A 37-year-old man who had undergone radiosurgery for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) causing intracerebral hematoma in the left parietal lobe presented with headache, vomiting, and progressive truncal ataxia due to a cystic lesion that had been noted in the left thalamus, leading to progressive obstructive hydrocephalus. He underwent left frontal craniotomy via a transsylvian fissure approach, and the serous hematoma was aspirated. The hematoma capsule was easy to drain and was partially removed. Pathological findings demonstrated angiomatous fibroblastic granulation tissue with extensive macrophage invasion. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was high in the hematoma (12012 pg/mL). The etiology and pathogenesis of encapsulated hematoma are unclear, but the gross appearance and pathological findings are similar to those of chronic subdural hematoma. Based on the high concentration of VEGF in the hematoma, expansion of the encapsulated hematoma might have been caused by the promotion of vascular permeability of newly formed microvasculature in the capsule.

Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma Associated with Cavernous Malformation

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) is a rare cerebrovascular disease that behaves as a slowly expanding lesion with a gradual onset. It is well established that CEIH is associated with arteriovenous malformations; however, CEIH associated with cavernous malformation (CM) is extremely rare. We herein report a case of CEIH associated with CM, and discuss its pathogenesis. A 12-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of a one week history of progressive headache and nausea. Brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed an intracerebral hematoma surrounded by edema in the right frontal lobe. One week later, her headache and nausea worsened, and a brain computed tomography scan revealed the enlargement of hematoma. A right frontal craniotomy was performed. The capsule, mass, and hematoma were totally removed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CEIH associated with CM. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the VEGF receptor-1 in the endothelium and fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that the activated VEGF pathway might have positively contributed to development of CEIH in the present patient.

Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma Associated With Cavernous Angioma -Case Report-

An 80-year-old male presented with a chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) with surrounding edema under the right frontal lobe manifesting as slow exacerbation of disturbance of orientation and gait. He had a history of cerebral infarction with an asymptomatic cavernous angioma in the right frontal lobe. The CEIH was diagnosed as bleeding from the cavernous angioma, and surgical removal was performed. The hematoma was chronic and covered by a thick capsule. In addition, mass tissue covered with the organized hematoma was found near the capsule, which was excised and found to be a cavernous angioma. CEIH is a special type of intracerebral hemorrhage, and bleeding from a cavernous angioma is occasionally seen. CEIH should be considered in the case of a hemorrhagic intracranial lesion with a chronic, progressive course with capsule formation and edema around the lesion. The source of bleeding is unknown in about half of the reported cases, and occult vascular malformation may be involved, necessitating care in diagnosis.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma formation after radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformation

We report a rare case of chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) after radiosurgery for a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 49-year-old male underwent transarterial embolization and surgical excision of a cerebral AVM presenting with cerebral hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was done after 12 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 14 months after SRS showed a small-enhancing lesion close to the left lateral ventricle and marked white matter edema. At that time a diagnosis of radiation-induced necrosis was made and steroids administered. At 43 months after SRS, MRI showed a small-enhancing mass close to the lateral ventricle with a hematoma cavity. Surgical excision was performed and histological examination revealed that the capsule consisted of an outer collagenous layer and an inner granulated layer with deposits of hemosiderin, which was compatible with CEIH. CEIH should be considered after SRS for AVM.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma associated with cavernous angioma: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma associated with cavernous angioma: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma: a rare complication after stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformation

We read with great interest the article entitled “Operative intervention for delayed symptomatic radionecrotic masses developing following stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations-case analysis and literature review” by Foroughi et al. [1] in the May 2010 issue of this journal. The authors presented two cases of delayed masses that had developed following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and discussed the relevant literature. They pointed out that some cases had presented with hemorrhage in the cystic cavity. We would like to add a comment regarding this point. Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) is a rare cerebrovascular disease that behaves as a slowly expanding lesion with a gradual onset [2]. We previously reported a case of delayed CEIH that developed after SRS for a cerebral AVM, which was treated by a single aspiration following the placement of a reservoir [3]. Furthermore, we experienced a similar case of a delayed mass that developed after SRS for an AVM. This patient underwent surgical excision and was diagnosed as CEIH by a pathological method. We suppose that SRS for an AVM can cause the formation of CEIH. Based on our experiences, it is suggested that some delayed masses with hemorrhage after SRS for an AVM may be CEIH.

Development of chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma after radiosurgery for a cerebral arteriovenous malformation

We report a rare case of chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) after radiosurgery for a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Seven years after radiosurgery, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high-intensity mass in the right basal ganglia with a peripheral low signal ring and fluid level on both T1- and T2-weighted images, which was compatible with CEIH. Stereotactic evacuation and placement of an Ommaya reservoir were performed. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor was high in the hematoma, suggesting that CEIH may be similar to chronic subdural hematoma.

Ruptured chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma in infancy: review of the literature with a case report

We report a case of a 2-month-old boy with chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (EICH) and discuss clinical, radiological and pathological features of the case. Chronic EICH in infants is extremely rare in the literature. Only two cases have been previously reported. One of the cases reported in the literature was supratentorial and the other was infratentorial.

Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebral Hematoma Associated with Cavernous Angioma: A Case Report

Abstract The case of a patient with a chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma associated with a cavernous angioma is reported. In spite of a huge space-occupying lesion in the frontal lobe, our patient showed no focal neurological deficit. The clinical picture suggested a slowly growing brain tumor. Intraoperative findings revealed a liquefied intracerebral hematoma with a thick capsule. Pathological investigations demonstrated a capsule rich in neovascularity with a cavernous angioma attached to it. It is presumed that initial bleeding from the cavernous angioma encouraged capsule formation similar to the membrane of chronic subdural hematomas and that repeated bleeding from the capillaries of the capsule allowed the expansion of the hematoma.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma associated with cavernous angioma

The case of a patient with a chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma associated with a cavernous angioma is reported. In spite of a huge space-occupying lesion in the frontal lobe, our patient showed no focal neurological deficit. The clinical picture suggested a slowly growing brain tumor. Intraoperative findings revealed a liquefied intracerebral hematoma with a thick capsule. Pathological investigations demonstrated a capsule rich in neovascularity with a cavernous angioma attached to it. It is presumed that initial bleeding from the cavernous angioma encouraged capsule formation similar to the membrane of chronic subdural hematomas and that repeated bleeding from the capillaries of the capsule allowed the expansion of the hematoma.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma in a young Chinese adult

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma in a young Chinese adult

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma during infancy

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma during infancy