Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Diseases Research Articles

CORRELATION OF BLOOD SUGAR WHEN ENTER THE HOSPITAL WITH INCIDENCE OF PNEUMONIA ON INPATIENTS COVID-19 AT THE JAKARTA HOSPITAL IN THE PERIOD MARCH – DECEMBER 2020 AND THE REVIEW ACCORDING TO THE ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW

The lungs are the ones that have large amounts of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, so there are symptoms in the lungs due to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Radiological results from COVID-19 generally show a picture of pneumonia. Chronic disease diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases that is a major risk factor for COVID-19. This is because diabetics experience hyperglycemia, impaired immune function, vascular complications and comorbidities. In addition, diabetes mellitus can also guarantee the condition of COVID-19 due to a dysfunctional response of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thus, COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a wider distribution of bilateral lung lesions compared to other groups. The data used in this study used secondary data with quantitative data types. The source of the research data was taken from the data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Jakarta Hospital for the March - December 2020 period who met the research inclusion criteria. It was found that in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, the majority had pneumonia as many as 25 patients (69.64%) and in COVID-19 patients without diabetes, the majority had pneumonia as many as 79 patients (51.3%). By referring to the results of statistical analysis, the resulting p-value is 0.075 which proves that there is no significant relationship between blood sugar and the incidence of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients at the Jakarta Hospital for the period March - December 2020.

The Effect of Health Belief Model on Prevention Chronic Desease DM in Elderly at Bangun Rejo Village Tanjung Morawa District in 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of The Health Belief Model in the prevention of chronic disease Diabetes Mellitus in the elderly . This research was conducted in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group research design. The number of samples in this study were 34 people who were taken using a purposive sampling technique by taking into account the inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into 17 people as the experimental group and 17 people as the control group. The measuring instruments used in this study were questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, blood glucose measuring devices, and observation sheets. The experimental group was given an intervention. Effect of The Health Belief Model on the prevention of chronic disease and in the elderly. The analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with dependent and independent t tests. The results showed that before being given health education, the influence of The Health Belief Model was that the majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge as many as 9 people (38.2%) and after being given health education based on The Health Belief Model had good chronic disease prevention as many as 17 people (50, 0%). Statistical results obtained p value (0.000) < (0.05), so that the results obtained that there is an effect of The Health Belief Model in the prevention of chronic diseases in the elderly. The results of this study are expected to be one of the nursing interventions in increasing the prevention of chronic diseases in the elderly.
 

Peripheral Nerve Disorders P-PN001. Electromyography (EMG) of abductor pollicis brevis (ABP) muscles in diabetes mellitus type 2

Introduction . The prevalence of chronic disease diabetes mellitus is rapidly rising all over the globe. The number of diabetic mellitus patients with diabetic neuropathy is increasing as estimated as 45% of patients develop diabetic polyneuropathy. Methods . The study was done in 10 (M = 4, F = 6, age 51.38 ± 11.71 years) consenting diabetic patients. sEMG of ABP muscles were recorded during rest and contraction state. Values obtained were compared between male and female diabetic groups. An independent t-test was applied to analyze the data. Results . EMG amplitude of right and left ABP muscles at rest are (8.67 ± 1.15, p < 0.002 vs 5.00 ± 0.00, 10.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001) were decreased significantly in male than in female. Only EMG amplitude of left ABP muscles at contraction (243.60 ± 51.48 vs 124.00 ± 117.78, p < 0.042) was decreased significantly in male than in female diabetic group. EMG frequency of right and left ABP muscles (53.45 ± 72.92, 76.81 ± 11.42, p < 0.001) at contraction was decreased significantly in male than female diabetic group. Conclusion . The results suggest neuropathy can be detected early by the EMG test. Gender affects EMG parameters in diabetic patients.

Principal Component Analysis of Categorized Polytomous Variable-Based Classification of Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases.

A chronic disease diabetes mellitus is assuming pestilence proportion worldwide. Therefore prevalence is important in all aspects. Researchers have introduced various methods, but still, the improvement is a need for classification techniques. This paper considers data mining approach and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques, on a single platform to approaches on the polytomous variable-based classification of diabetes mellitus and some selected chronic diseases. The PCA result shows eigenvalues, and the total variance is explained for the principal components (PCs) solution. Total of twelve attributes was analyzed with the intention to precise the pattern of the correlation with minimum factors as possible. Usually, factors with large eigenvalues retained. The first five components have their eigenvalues large enough to be retained. Their variances are 18.9%, 14.0%, 13.6%, 10.3%, and 8.6%, respectively. That explains ~65.3% of the total variance. We further applied K-means clustering with the aid of the first two PCs. As well, correlation results between diabetes mellitus and selected diseases; it has revealed that diabetes patients are more likely to have kidney and hypertension. Therefore, the study validates the proposed polytomous method for classification techniques. Such a study is important in better assessment on low socio-economic status zone regions around the globe.

PRM226 - Incidence and Prevalence Estimations Based on Claims Data – New Methodological Considerations

Scientific analyses with claims data such as burden of disease analyses are often based on incidence and prevalence estimates. Latest methodological considerations indicate that the diagnosis-free observation period should be extended as much as possible to not overestimate the incidence in chronic diseases. Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of expanding the diagnosis timeframe for the incidence as well as the prevalence estimates. This methodological analysis focused on the chronic diseases diabetes mellitus (DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2013 in Germany and was based on anonymized data from the Health Risk Institute Research Database. Patients continuously insured for six years (2008-2013) were included in the study (n=3,026,154). Incidence changes due to different diagnosis-free intervals before a diagnosis in 2013 (1 to 5 years) were assessed. Correspondingly, the prevalence estimation for 2013 was varied by expanding the timeframe for diagnosis from 1 year up to 5 years, as it was assumed that chronic diseases identified in previous years persist until 2013. Moreover, disease-specific validation of the diagnosis codes was applied as sensitivity analysis. DM incidence was 24% higher when a 1-year diagnosis-free observation period was applied compared to 5 years (25% in MS). When expanding the prevalence timeframe up to 5 years, the prevalence estimation increased by 14% in DM and 21% in MS, respectively. The relative proportion of incidence to prevalence also changed by varying the utilized timeframe. Out of the prevalent diabetes patients in 2013 10.1% were incident when a 1-year timeframe was considered, whereas 7.3% were incident when 5 years were applied (11.7% and 7.9% in MS, respectively). The methodological concepts should coincide when estimating both the incidence and the prevalence of chronic diseases in claims data. Estimates may be biased especially when only short timeframes are utilized.

The Effects of Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma, Heart Disease, and Stroke on Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy

ObjectiveQuality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) is a summary measure that combines mortality and health-related quality of life across different stages of life. The objective of this study was to estimate QALE loss due to five chronic diseases—diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke. MethodsHealth-related quality of life scores were from the 1993-2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using age-specific deaths from the Compressed Mortality File, this study constructed life tables to calculate losses in life expectancy and QALE due to each of the five diseases from 1993 through 2009 and for 50 US states and the District of Columbia. ResultsIn 2009, the individual-level QALE loss for diabetic people, compared with nondiabetic people, was 11.1 years; for those with hypertension, 6.3 years; for those with asthma, 7.0 years; for those with heart disease, 10.3 years; and for those with stroke, 12.4 years. At the population level, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke contributed 1.9, 2.2, 0.8, 1.2, and 0.8 years of population QALE loss at age 18 years, respectively. ConclusionsPersons with each of the five diseases had significantly lower life expectancy and QALE. Because the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension has increased significantly in the United States in the last two decades, the burdens of these two conditions, measured by population QALE losses, had increased 83% and 29% from 1993 to 2009, respectively. Also, by examining changes in population QALE loss at different ages, policymakers can identify age groups most affected by particular diseases and develop the most cost-effective interventions by focusing on these groups.

Farbsehuntersuchung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und arterieller Hypertonie

This study aimed to discover the influence of the chronic diseases diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension on color vision. The study included 96 voluntary participants age 19-65 years. They were divided into four groups. Group I consisted of patients with arterial hypertension; group II included those with both arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; those in group III had diabetes mellitus; and group IV consisted of healthy individuals. The duration of diabetes in group II correlated with the Rayleigh calculation. Those in group III showed significant differences when the maximum brightness setting (Moreland) and the minimum anomalous quotient (Raleigh) were used. The duration of diabetes had correlations at some parameters of the Rayleigh and Moreland calculation. In conclusion, we are able to say that the all-color anomaloscope is useful for determining alterations in color vision in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Stem Cells to Pancreatic β-Cells: New Sources for Diabetes Cell Therapy

The number of patients worldwide suffering from the chronic disease diabetes mellitus is growing at an alarming rate. Insulin-secreting beta-cells in the islet of Langerhans are damaged to different extents in diabetic patients, either through an autoimmune reaction present in type 1 diabetic patients or through inherent changes within beta-cells that affect their function in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Cell replacement strategies via islet transplantation offer potential therapeutic options for diabetic patients. However, the discrepancy between the limited number of donor islets and the high number of patients who could benefit from such a treatment reflects the dire need for renewable sources of high-quality beta-cells. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are capable of self-renewal and can differentiate into components of all three germ layers, including all pancreatic lineages. The ability to differentiate hESCs into beta-cells highlights a promising strategy to meet the shortage of beta-cells. Here, we review the different approaches that have been used to direct differentiation of hESCs into pancreatic and beta-cells. We will focus on recent progress in the understanding of signaling pathways and transcription factors during embryonic pancreas development and how this knowledge has helped to improve the methodology for high-efficiency beta-cell differentiation in vitro.

Lay beliefs and the management of disease amongst West Indians with diabetes.

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study into lay beliefs and management of the chronic disease diabetes mellitus as well as the service use experiences of West Indians with the disease. In the United Kingdom, there is a higher prevalence of diabetes and higher mortality rates from this disease amongst West Indians when compared with their white counterparts. The project fieldwork was conducted in four sites; in general practice and out-patient diabetic clinics in London and Cambridge. In-depth interviews were held with 12 Caucasian and 12 West Indian diabetic patients and key informant interviews were held with a total of 13 health professionals on the diabetic care team. The study showed important differences between West Indians and Caucasians regarding knowledge and beliefs about diabetes as well its management. With the exception of two Pentecostal Christian women in the West Indian subsample, there was no evidence that these beliefs or practices conflicted with medical advice. However, the West Indian interviewees stated that the dietary advice provided did not take into account their traditional foods or cooking methods and as a result they experienced difficulties in following this advice. West Indians also expressed a general distrust of doctors and the majority had developed a range of strategies which they used to negotiate consultations with doctors and the heath service.