Chronic Degenerative Diseases Research Articles

Dialogue of knowledge in traditional herbal medicine in Mé'pháá and Tu'un savi indigenous peoples in the mountain of Guerrero Mexico

In the indigenous peoples Tu'un savi and Mé'pháá of the mountain region of Guerrero, allopathic medicine and traditional herbal medicine are used, due to this, we consider that dialogues of knowledge should be established between the practitioners of both medicines. We collaborated with 46 individuals to discuss the forms of using medicinal species, preparing treatments, and using allopathic medicine. Through semi-structured and in-depth interviews, 121 plant species were recorded, with which more than 40 diseases are treated, which are distributed in the digestive, muscular, respiratory, and urinary systems:chronic-degenerative and cultural diseases. The dialogue of knowledge between specialists in traditional medicine and allopathic doctors could contribute to the development of their own health project, with which a regional ethnodevelopment plan could be created.

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN PALLIATIVE CARE, PREPARATION AND CAPACITY TO PROVIDE CARE AT THE END OF LIFE BY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

The predominance of slowly evolving chronic-degenerative diseases, resulting from the progressive aging of the population, has increased the need for the provision of palliative care (PC). In this context, there is an interest in evaluating the skills and abilities of health professionals. The present study aims to identify the level of: knowledge in PC, spirituality, self-efficacy and ability to provide end-of-life care (CFV) by doctors and nurses working in a hospital center. We also seek to understand the academic and clinical trajectory in learning and training in PC and discuss the inclusion of educational programs in this area. This is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study applied to doctors and nurses working in a hospital center, with contact with patients at the end of life. The data collection instrument included a questionnaire administered between May and July 2022. The variables were evaluated using IBM SPSS for Windows (V.26). As a result, we observed that doctors and nurses (n=380) have medium to low levels of knowledge in PC. Perceptions of spirituality, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and preparation and ability to provide CFV revealed a moderate overall mean value. Most professionals do not have training or experience in CP. The levels of perception of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and ability to provide CFV by health professionals are average. Knowledge in CP is low, because they are unaware of some of the principles. It is suggested that a subject on PC be included as a mandatory subject in higher education health courses.

Palliative care at the end of life and the role of the psychologist

Mallampati, Orotracheal intubation, Modifications.Palliative care (PC) is defined as care for patients diagnosed with progressive, incurable and/or chronic-degenerative diseases, and can cover any life-threatening illness that culminates in finitude. Therefore, PC aims to ease the pain and relieve the suffering of invasive treatments by providing dignity, comfort and welcome to improve the quality of life of patients diagnosed with incurable diseases; this care can also include the individual's family members and caregivers, providing them with welcome, assistance and support to deal with the issues arising from the progression of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the participation of the multi-professional team in PC, the patient and their family, i.e. all those involved in this process of becoming ill until the end of life, and in particular to investigate how psychology works in caring for the patient, the family/caregiver and the healthcare team. This study used the literature review method. This bibliographic review selected 27 scientific articles, 02 books, 01 Resolution of the Federal Council of Psychology, 01 Manual of Palliative Care of the National Academy of Palliative Care, 01 Manual of Palliative Care of the Sírio Libanês Hospital, 01 Primer of the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 01 thesis. It will record how the patient copes during the journey from the diagnosis of illness to the end of life, as well as the participation and experience of the family, the multi-professional team and in particular the participation of Psychology within this scenario, as it is the scientific field that covers the holistic sphere of the individual, and its premise is to deal with issues involving human relationships, bringing the necessary comfort in the face of this new context of an established disease that will cause the end of existence. In this way, the psychologist is the professional trained to study mental processes, such as feelings, thoughts, behaviors, understanding their subjectivity and, in this context, helping the individual to understand their self in the face of the serious and irreversible clinical state that precedes the proximity of death, resolving outstanding issues with themselves and their families, providing support so that everyone can be at peace at the moment of farewell. Finally, it will discuss the importance of humanized care in PC through the inclusion of a specific subject in the undergraduate courses of health professionals, paying special attention to the field of psychological knowledge since it is the professional who is the protagonist in this scenario.

Development of target-guided approaches for exosome-associated miRNAs analysis standardization in the context of chronic degenerative diseases

Development of target-guided approaches for exosome-associated miRNAs analysis standardization in the context of chronic degenerative diseases

Unveiling G-protein coupled receptor kinase-5 inhibitors for chronic degenerative diseases: Multilayered prioritization employing explainable machine learning-driven multi-class QSAR, ligand-based pharmacophore and free energy-inspired molecular simulation

GRK5 holds a pivotal role in cellular signaling pathways, with its overexpression in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, and tumor cells strongly associated with various chronic degenerative diseases, which highlights the urgent need for potential inhibitors. In this study, multiclass classification-based QSAR models were developed using diverse machine learning algorithms. These models were built from curated compounds with experimentally derived GRK5 inhibitory activity. Additionally, a pharmacophore model was constructed using active compounds from the dataset. Among the models, the SVM-based approach proved most effective and was initially used to screen DrugBank compounds within the applicability domain. Compounds showing significant GRK5 inhibitory potential underwent evaluation for key pharmacophoric features. Prospective compounds were subjected to molecular docking to assess binding affinity towards GRK5's key active site amino acid residues. Stability at the binding site was analyzed through 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. MM-GBSA analysis quantified individual free energy components contributing to the total binding energy with respect to binding site residues. Metadynamics analysis, including PCA, FEL, and PDF, provided crucial insights into conformational changes of both apo and holo forms of GRK5 at defined energy states. The study identifies DB02844 (S-Adenosyl-1,8-Diamino-3-Thiooctane) and DB13155 (Esculin) as promising GRK5 inhibitors, warranting further in vitro and in vivo validation studies.

Changes in SOD and NF-κB Levels in Substantia Nigra and the Intestine through Oxidative Stress Effects in a Wistar Rat Model of Ozone Pollution.

This work aimed to elucidate how O3 pollution causes a loss of regulation in the immune response in both the brain and the intestine. In this work, we studied the effect of exposing rats to low doses of O3 based on the association between the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the nuclear factor kappa light chains of activated B cells (NFκB) as markers of inflammation. Method: Seventy-two Wistar rats were used, divided into six groups that received the following treatments: Control and 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of O3. After treatment, tissues were extracted and processed using Western blotting, biochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. The results indicated an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and Cu/Zn-SOD and a decrease in Mn-SOD, and SOD activity in the substantia nigra, jejunum, and colon decreased. Furthermore, the translocation of NFκB to the nucleus increased in the different organs studied. In conclusion, repeated exposure to O3 alters the regulation of the antioxidant and inflammatory response in the substantia nigra and the intestine. This indicates that these factors are critical in the loss of regulation in the inflammatory response; they respond to ozone pollution, which can occur in chronic degenerative diseases.

Central Venous Catheter procedures performed at the outpatient clinics of San Giuliano Hospital of ASL Napoli 2 Nord with a brief overview of pharmacoeconomic evaluations on the procedure

The following work concerns a retrospective, single-center analysis of the data cohort collected between January 2022 and December 2023 regarding outpatient services provided by the Vascular Access Management Service at the Giugliano Hospital in Campania, part of the ASL Napoli 2 Nord. The devices used in these practices are essential for the treatment of both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Their widespread use is justified both due to the particular complexity of the therapeutic regimens to which the patient is subjected, and the frequent need for pharmacological support, hydration, periodic blood draws, nutrient and blood product infusions, and hemodynamic monitoring to safeguard their vascular health. The ASL Napoli 2 Nord area records a significant presence of chronic-degenerative and oncological diseases, therefore, to meet the needs of the population and the numerous requests made by hospital departments and districts, it was decided to activate outpatient clinics for the implantation and management of vascular accesses. It is appropriate that every healthcare operator is adequately trained and involved in the various stages of patient recruitment, device implantation, and management. Therefore, in the ASL Napoli 2 Nord area, it was deemed necessary for these professional figures to be involved in drafting procedures to define the correct use of these devices. The cost of individual outpatient procedures in terms of materials used and specialized personnel involved is an indicator of company expenditure. The amount received by the company for each individual service in terms of patient copayments and reimbursement from the Region represents the revenue of the ASL in relation to the services provided. From the results obtained, there is a slight disproportion regarding regional reimbursement; in particular, the data shows that revenue in terms of dressings is lower than that of irrigations despite the direct costs in the former being much higher than in the latter. These outpatient procedures represent an important source of income in relation to the numbers generated solely at the Giugliano Hospital and still find correspondence and proportionality compared to those recorded in the outpatient clinics of other company facilities.

Metformin, Chlorpropamide, and Glibenclamide: Interactions with Metal Ions and Cyclodextrins

Abstract: In the field of Chemistry, it is essential to study molecules with biological activity on chronic degenerative diseases to design drugs that help to improve the health of people with diseases such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, among others; and that in turn may have fewer side effects. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide; due to the illness severe affectations, there is a great interest in improving pharmacological treatments (hypoglycemic drugs) used in this disease. Nowadays, it has been reported that metallodrugs and drug-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have higher therapeutic activity than free drugs, with fewer side effects. In the present work, we compile, analyze, synthesize and discuss published information on the hypoglycemic drugs Metformin (C4H11N5), Chlorpropamide (C10H13ClN2O3S) and Glibenclamide (C23H28ClN3O5S) complexed with metal ions or included in cyclodextrins in aqueous solution. Nowadays, this type of complex should be widely studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physicochemical and thermodynamic properties, synthesis, mechanism of action, as well as analytical studies on the interaction of hypoglycemic agents with different complexing agents, are discussed.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with African American and Asian race, smoking, renal disease, and numerous autoimmune diseases in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factorsbut haslower risk with alcohol intake.

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is associated with increasing age, rheumatic heart disease, and a bicuspid aortic valve, but its association with other comorbidities and race is less known. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between AR and comorbid conditions in older adults above 40. The large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was utilized for our study using uni- and multivariate analysis. Data were extracted from available ICD-10 codes for the years of 2016-2020. The NIS data included 112,982,565 patients. A total of 660,730 were found to have AR. AR was found to be associated with male gender (OR 1.15, CI 1.14-1.16, P < 0.001), smoking (OR 1.04, CI 1.02-1.05, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.65, CI 1.62-1.68, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.36, CI 1.34-1.37, P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.22, CI 1.21-1.24, P < 0.001), antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (OR 1.56, CI 1.33-1.83, P < 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.1, CI 1.06-1.14, P < 0.001), scleroderma (OR 1.49, CI 1.31-1.7, P < 0.001), systemic connective tissue disorders (OR 1.32, CI 1.25-1.4, P < 0.001), Raynaud's syndrome (OR 1.62, CI 1.47-1.77, P < 0.001), and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 1.44, CI 1.34-1.54, P < 0.001) in add to known bicuspid aortic valve. Using a very large database, we found new associations between AR and many comorbid conditions, including many inflammatory and chronic degenerative diseases in addition to the known risk factors.

Impact and evolution of risk factors associated with hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 during the six epidemic waves in Mexico

ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze and compare the main risk factors for hospitalization and deaths due to COVID-19 during the six epidemic waves from February 2020 to June 2023 in Mexico. MethodsFirst, a descriptive analysis of the risk factors that led to hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 was performed. Next, the degree of relationship of each risk factor with hospitalization and death was determined using Cramer's V coefficient. Finally, logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios of the most statistically significant risk factors for hospitalization and mortality. ResultsA direct relationship between age and the possibility of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 was found. Moreover, the comorbidities most likely to lead to hospitalization and death were pneumonia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and CKD. It is also remarkable that the second factor of death is endotracheal intubation. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico revealed the reality of an epidemiological scenario where infectious diseases and chronic degenerative diseases coexist and interrelate.

Perfil de cuidadores de idosos atendidos em ambulatório de Geriatria e Neurogeriatria

Due to population aging, the prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases has grown significantly, a factor that implies constant care and a compromise in the quality of life of informal caregivers. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the profile of informal caregivers of elderly individuals attended to in the Geriatrics and Neurogeriatrics outpatient clinic

Aqueous extract of Swietenia macrophylla leaf exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA.

Parkinson's disease affects 2% of the population aged over 65 years and is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the general population. The appearance of motor symptoms is associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Clinically significant nonmotor symptoms are also important for severe disability with disease progression. Pharmacological treatment with levodopa, which involves dopamine restitution, results in a temporary improvement in motor symptoms. Among the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease are exacerbated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. A phytochemical prospecting study showed that the aqueous extract of the leaves from Swietenia macrophylla (Melineaceae), known as mahogany, has polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in a significantly higher percentage than leaf extracts from other Amazonian plants. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of aqueous extract of mahogany leaf has already been demonstrated in an in vitro model. In this study, we hypothesized that the aqueous extract of mahogany leaf (AEML) has a neuroprotective effect in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA), due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its phenolic compounds. Mice were treated daily with the mahogany extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg, starting 7 days before 6-OHDA infusion until post-surgery day 7. The animals from the 6-OHDA/mahogany group, which corresponds to animals injected with the toxin and treated with aqueous extract of the mahogany leaf, presented distinct behavioral phenotypes after apomorphine challenge and were therefore subdivided into 2 groups, 6-OHDA/mahogany F1 and 6-OHDA/mahogany F2. The F1 group showed a significant increase in contralateral rotations, whereas the F2 group did not show rotations after the apomorphine stimulus. In the F1 group, there was an increase, although not significant, in motor performance in the open field and elevated plus maze tests, whereas in the F2 group, there was significant improvement, which may be related to the lesser degree of injury to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. The TH+ histopathological analysis, a dopaminergic neuron marker, confirmed that the lesion to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was more pronounced in 6-OHDA/mahogany F1 than in 6-OHDA/mahogany F2. Our main result consisted of signs of improvement in the inflammatory profile in both the F1 and F2 6-OHDA/mahogany groups, such as a lower number of IBA-1+ microglial cells in the ventral striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta and a reduction in GFAP+ expression, an astrocyte marker, in the dorsal striatum. In this study, several bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of mahogany leaf may have contributed to the observed beneficial effects. Further studies are necessary to better characterize their applicability for treating chronic degenerative diseases with inflammatory and oxidative bases, such as Parkinson's disease.

Acute blood pressure behavior in hypertensive elderly people after a strength training session under the superserie method: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Background: Chronic degenerative diseases have increased significantly, among them, systemic arterial hypertension (AH) stands out. The treatment of hypertension includes, in addition to specific hypotensive drugs, regular physical exercise. However, even though it is strongly recommended in national and international guidelines, the acute and subacute effects of physical exercise on the regulation mechanisms of the blood pressure system in different types of exercises still require further studies, especially regarding strength training and its methods in elderly people, which at least to our knowledge, there are not many studies published to date on this topic. Strength training has metabolic characteristics related to moderate intensity, a safe factor when it is related to the elderly, and can be an important ally for controlling the blood pressure system in this group. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a strength training session on blood pressure behavior in elderly people with hypertension. Methods: This is a randomized crossover clinical trial protocol. The minimum sample size was determined based on a previous study published by our research group. The size of 30 individuals was estimated, using a significance level of 5%, power of 80%, and a difference of 5mmHg in systolic blood pressure, after being included in the study, they will undergo a battery of tests, in order to outline their physical-functional and metabolic profile, and will be allocated into two protocols: CP (control protocol) and EP (experimental protocol). Control session, without exercise, and the EP which consists of a strength training session, using a superserie method. The blood pressure will be measured before the protocols, immediately after (minute 0), and at minutes 15 , 30, 45 and 60 after. Individuals will perform the other protocol, featuring the crossover design. Expected results: It is expected that by carrying out this study, we will obtain the hypotensive effect as well as contribute to the understanding of the effects of strength training under the superserie method on blood pressure levels in elderly people with hypertension, and its real practical applicability.

MicroRNA-mRNA Networks Linked to Inflammation and Immune System Regulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

By performing a comprehensive meta-analysis, we integrated miRNA expression data from nine studies in IBD. We obtained detailed information on significantly deregulated miRNAs (fold change, FC ≥ 2 and p < 0.05), sample type and number, and platform applied for analysis in the training and validation sets. Further bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify miRNA target genes, by using the microRNA Data Integration Portal tool. We also sought to identify statistically enriched pathways of genes regulated by miRNAs using ToppGene Suite. Additional analyses were performed to filter for genes expressed in intestinal tissue using the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database. Our findings showed the upregulation of 15 miRNAs in CD and 33 in UC. Conversely, six miRNAs were downregulated in CD, while seven were downregulated in UC. These results indicate a greater deregulation of miRNAs in UC compared to CD. Of note, miRNA target genes were enriched for immune system regulation pathways. Among significantly deregulated miRNAs with a higher number of miRNA-target gene interactions, we identified miR-199a-5p and miR-362-3p altered in CD, while among UC case patients, miRNA-target gene interactions were higher for miR-155-5p. The identified miRNAs play roles in regulating genes associated with immune system regulation and inflammation in IBD. Such miRNAs and their target genes have the potential to serve as clinically relevant biomarkers. These findings hold promise for enhancing the accuracy of diagnoses and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies for individuals with various forms of IBD.

Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases.

The heat shock response (HSR) is a crucial biochemical pathway that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation, primarily under proteotoxic stress conditions. This process hinges on the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other chaperones, notably the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins, under the command of the heat shock transcription factor-1. However, in the context of chronic degenerative disorders characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation (such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases) a gradual suppression of the HSR does occur. This work delves into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. It explores how the Western diet and sedentary lifestyle, culminating in the endoplasmic reticulum stress within adipose tissue cells, trigger a cascade of events. This cascade includes the unfolded protein response and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome, leading to the emergence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the propagation of inflammation throughout the body. Notably, the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome not only fuels inflammation but also sabotages the HSR by degrading human antigen R, a crucial mRNA-binding protein responsible for maintaining heat shock transcription factor-1 mRNA expression and stability on heat shock gene promoters. This paper underscores the imperative need to comprehend how chronic inflammation stifles the HSR and the clinical significance of evaluating the HSR using cost-effective and accessible tools. Such understanding is pivotal in the development of innovative strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of these chronic inflammatory ailments, which continue to take a heavy toll on global health and well-being.

3D printing technology and its combination with nanotechnology in bone tissue engineering.

With the graying of the world's population, the morbidity of age-related chronic degenerative bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, is increasing yearly, leading to an increased risk of bone defects, while current treatment methods face many problems, such as shortage of grafts and an incomplete repair. Therefore, bone tissue engineering offers an alternative solution for regenerating and repairing bone tissues by constructing bioactive scaffolds with porous structures that provide mechanical support to damaged bone tissue while promoting angiogenesis and cell adhesion, proliferation, and activity. 3D printing technology has become the primary scaffold manufacturing method due to its ability to precisely control the internal pore structure and complex spatial shape of bone scaffolds. In contrast, the fast development of nanotechnology has provided more possibilities for the internal structure and biological function of scaffolds. This review focuses on the application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering and nanotechnology in the field of bone tissue regeneration and repair, and explores the prospects for the integration of the two technologies.

Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Fruits Available in Bangladesh

Background: The complex problems of different chronic degenerative diseases are spreading in human health across the glove. To combat this problem, fruits are the effective gear proved by many epidemiological studies. The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity and three bioactive compounds like total flavonoids, total polyphenols and total anthocyanins in 23 species of fruits available in Bangladeshi market. Methods: Antioxidant activity (AOA) and bioactive compounds of fruits were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was undertaken by DPPH scavenging assay, total polyphenol content (TPC) was measured by folin-ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content (TFC) content was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Results: Among 23 species of fruits, AOA was higher in Katajamin (303 mg/100 g) followed by Dragon Fruits (171 mg/100 g), Guava (131 mg/100 g), Bael (130 mg/100 g) and average value was 125 mg/100 g of extract. TPC was varied from 10 to 305 mg GAE/100 g and average value was 87 mg GAE/100 g. Mango (305 mg GAE/100 g) showed higher TPC, followed by Pome Granate (222 mg GAE/100 g), Apple (207 mg GAE/100 g), Katajamin (141 mg GAE/100 g) and Bael (130 mg GAE/100 g). Again, TFC was ranged from Ashari (06±3.94 mg QE/g) to Tomato (84±13.69 mg QE/g) and the average TFC was 37 mg QE/g. In addition, total anthocyanin content (TAC) was highest in Mango (142±3.46 mg TA/100 g) and lower in Ashari (02±0.74 mg TA/100 g). There was a significant correlation (p≤0.05) between antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds and among the bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Important messages from this study are, majority of the rare fruits are the important sources of antioxidant and bioactive compounds which helps to reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases and can be used in food processing industry for nutraceutical product development.

Chemical Profile of Cell Cultures of Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri Transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri Raym.-Hamet &amp; Perrier is a plant used for medicinal purposes in the treatment of several ailments. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical profile of extracts from K. gastonis-bonnieri embryogenic calli, generated from genetically transformed roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Putative transformants were verified by PCR. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained and the chemical profile was analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Root formation was obtained from 80% of infected seedlings. Fifteen root lines were isolated, and two lines showed prominent longitudinal growth and profuse branching in the B5 semi-solid medium. In all lines, the formation of nodules and later embryogenic callus was observed. Putative transgenic root lines were cultivated in free-plant growth regulators B5 medium. In the two selected lines, the PCR amplification of rolA, rolB, rolC, rolD, and aux1 genes was detected. The extract of embryogenic calli showed 60 chemical compounds tentatively identified, such as ferulic acid, quinic acid, neobaisoflavone, and malic acid, among others, and the chemical profile was different in comparison to wild-type extracts. This is the first study reporting the analysis of the chemical profile of hairy root extracts derived from Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri. This work displays the great potential for obtaining chemical compounds of pharmacological importance from hairy roots and facilitates the identification of new useful drugs against human chronic-degenerative diseases.

Double Synchronous Primary Tumors: Metastatic Melanoma and Advanced Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in a 32-Year-Old Adult: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: The presence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms is an unusual finding during the diagnostic approach of patients with cancer. The coexistence of melanoma with lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare according to some cohort studies since a prevalence of 0.05% is estimated in this group of patients. The most relevant risk factors for the development of multiple malignant tumors are genetic, environmental exposures to carcinogenic substances, and treatment of a preexistent cancer. Case description: Male, 32 years old who denies family history of malignant neoplasms, drug addiction, chronic degenerative diseases, allergies, surgeries, and hospitalizations. His main symptom was a progressive weakness of the right upper and lower limb which, over a period of days, made it impossible to walk. During his hospitalization, MRI revealed metastatic lesions associated with vasogenic edema. For this reason, an evaluation was requested by the neurosurgery service, who performed a decompressive craniectomy with a biopsy that reported malignant cells consistent with metastatic melanoma. As part of the diagnostic approach, a thoracoabdominal CT with IV contrast was performed, which revealed another tumor at the lung level in the left lower lobe that obliterates the bronchus, not suggestive of metastatic activity, for this reason a lung biopsy was performed, which reported findings of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with angiolymphatic invasion present and extensive necrosis. The patient was discharged home with the palliative care measures due to the poor prognosis of both stage IV cancers reported synchronously. Conclusion: The coexistence of 2 primary different cancers in the same patient is an unusual phenomenon which represents a challenge for the multidisciplinary team that treats the patient. Likewise, the coexistence between melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma is exceptionally reported in the literature, which in advanced phases confers a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options.

State transition and intercellular communication of synovial fibroblasts in response to chronic and acute shoulder injuries unveiled by single-cell transcriptomic analyses

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of synovial fibroblasts and their potential to undergo cell state transitions at the resolution of single cells. Materials and Methods We employed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach to comprehensively map the cellular landscape of the shoulder synovium in individuals with chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and acute proximal humerus fractures (PHFs). Utilizing unbiased clustering analysis, we successfully identified distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts within the synovial environment. We utilized Monocle 3 to delineate the trajectory of synovial fibroblast state transition. And we used CellPhone DB v2.1.0 to predict cell-cell communication patterns within the synovial microenvironment. Results We identified eight main cell clusters in the shoulder synovium. Unbiased clustering analysis identified four synovial fibroblast subpopulations, with diverse biological functions associated with protein secretion, ECM remodeling, inflammation regulation and cell division. Lining, mesenchymal, pro-inflammatory and proliferative fibroblasts subsets were identified. Combining the results from StemID and characteristic gene features, mesenchymal fibroblasts exhibited characteristics of fibroblast progenitor cells. The trajectory of synovial fibroblast state transition showed a transition from mesenchymal to pro-inflammatory and lining phenotypes. In addition, the cross talk between fibroblast subclusters increased in degenerative shoulder diseases compared to acute trauma. Conclusion We successfully generated the scRNA-seq transcriptomic atlas of the shoulder synovium, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of synovial fibroblasts, their potential to undergo state transitions, and their intercellular communication in the context of chronic degenerative and acute traumatic shoulder diseases.