Chronic Conditions In Postmenopausal Women Research Articles

Identification of the Risk Factors Associated with Low Bone Density in Peri- and Early Postmenopausal Women

Evidence has shown that one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in postmenopausal women is osteoporosis. Despite the development of some medications, there are still safety and adherence concerns, and, thus, attention has been placed on understanding modifiable risk factors for bone loss. This study aimed to examine the differences in various sociodemographic and body composition factors, physical activity components, and nutrient and food group intake levels among peri- and early postmenopausal women with whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores greater than and less than zero. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data obtained from 45 peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years old who participated in a 6-month three-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of blackcurrant supplementation on bone metabolism. Anthropometric data, BMD values obtained via DXA scans, and self-reported demographic, health, dietary, and physical activity data were collected at baseline. Overall, participants with whole-body BMD Z-scores greater than zero had higher body mass indexes (BMIs), lean mass, fat mass, android fat percentages, ratios of trunk fat mass to limb fat mass, resting metabolic rates, relative skeletal muscle indexes, total and occupational physical activity, alcohol intakes, trans fatty acid intakes, and adequacy of potassium intake, but lower adequacy of vitamin E (p < 0.05). In addition, total calorie intake was positively correlated with added sugar, vitamin E, potassium, alcohol, trans fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D intakes (p < 0.05); whole-body BMD was positively correlated with added sugars (p < 0.05); vitamin D intake was positively correlated with vitamin E, potassium, trans fatty acid, and calcium intakes (p < 0.05); and calcium intake was positively correlated with added sugar, vitamin E, potassium, and trans fatty acid intakes (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that numerous body composition factors, components of physical activity, and dietary factors are related to bone health in adult women in the menopause transition.

What are the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women?

Evidence-Based Practice: October 2021 - Volume 24 - Issue 10 - p 52-54 doi: 10.1097/EBP.0000000000001297

Guideline: USPSTF recommends against menopausal estrogen for primary prevention of chronic conditions.

Source Citation US Preventive Services Task Force, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017;318:2224-33. 29234814

Reproductive endocrinology: Postmenopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions.

The US Preventive Services Task Force recently produced their recommendation statement on hormone therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. Here, I outline the changes from the 2013 recommendations and discuss clinical questions providers continue to ponder daily as they care for women during the menopausal period.

HT for Preventing Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: USPSTF Weighs in Again

Sponsoring Organization: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)Target Population: OB/GYN and primary care providersBackground and ObjectiveIn

Del Editor sobre la Terapia hormonal de reemplazo para la prevención primaria de enfermedades crónicas – Borrador del documento de recomendación del Grupo de Trabajo de los Servicios de Prevención de los EE UU

En 16 de mayo de 2017, el Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios de Prevención de los EE UU solicitó comentarios a una declaración de recomendación y revisión de la evidencia sobre la terapia hormonal para la menopausia en la prevención primaria de enfermedades crónicas. Basado en la revisión de la evidencia, el Grupo de Trabajo hace la recomendación contra el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno para la prevención de condiciones crónicas en las mujeres posmenopáusicas. A partir de este documento, se realiza una breve consideración sobre la fisiología hormonal estrogénica durante la menopausia y las recomendaciones subsecuentes por instituciones especializadas sobre la terapia hormonal con estrógenos y progestágenos para la prevención de la sintomatología crónica cardiovascular, vasomotora, neurológica y osteoporótica.

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Panel: Hormone Therapy Isn't for Chronic Conditions

Combined estrogen and progestin should not be used for the prevention of osteoporosis or other chronic conditions in postmenopausal women, according to recommendations issued by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Hormone therapy currently has Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The task force, an independent body of volunteers that advises the Department of Health and Human Services, issued the recommendations as an update of its 2005 statement on hormone therapy for prevention of disease in postmenopausal women. Using the most recent scientific evidence available, including long-term follow-up data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies of hormone therapy use in postmenopausal women, the task force reached the same conclusions as it had in 2005, advising against combined estrogen and progestin for prevention of chronic conditions, and also against the use of estrogen alone for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy. The task force emphasized that hormone therapy was still indicated for the management of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes or vaginal dryness. It additionally made clear that its recommendation against hormone therapy for disease prevention does not apply to women younger than 50 years of age who have undergone surgical menopause. Prior to the WHI studies, a series of government-funded trials that began in the 1990s, with follow-up ending in 2010, showed that hormones had been widely used for the prevention of bone disease in postmenopausal women. Both estrogen and combined estrogen and progestin are known to reduce fracture risk. However, both forms of hormone therapy were shown during the WHI studies to also increase the risk of serious adverse events, to the point where the trials were stopped early. In one randomized, placebo-controlled trial, estrogen alone was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and gallbladder disease, while combined therapy was associated with an increased risk of stroke, invasive breast cancer, dementia, gallbladder disease, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Reproductive endocrinologist Jan L. Shifren of the department of obstetrics and gynecology and reproductive biology at Harvard Medical School and director of the menopause program at Massachusetts General Hospital, both in Boston, said in an interview that the task force's updated position largely reflected the current consensus of the Ob/Gyn community, “which is that HT should not be used to prevent the diseases of aging.” The task force was “very careful to point out that they are not saying HT should not be used for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms or vaginal atrophy. It's not that hormones aren't indicated; they're just not indicated for prevention. They remain an appropriate treatment for otherwise healthy, very symptomatic women at the menopause transition,” said Dr. Shifren, who is not a task force member. FDA-approved indications for hormone therapy in postmenopausal women include treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis. A black box warning indicates that estrogen with or without progestin should be prescribed at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest time possible. The task force's findings were based on the dosages and formulations used in the WHI trials: oral conjugated equine estrogen (0.625 mg/day plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/day) or estrogen 0.625 mg/day alone. Dr. Shifren said that there are some practitioners “who believe that hormone therapy could still be appropriate for the prevention of osteoporosis in people who absolutely cannot tolerate any other therapy. But what I would argue is that it is incredibly rare that there is a patient who can't tolerate one of the very many other FDA-approved treatments for the prevention of osteoporosis.” The task force members declared no relevant financial conflict of interest.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Update of the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. The USPSTF commissioned a review of the literature to update evidence about the benefits and harms of using menopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions, as well as whether the benefits and harms of hormone therapy differ by population subgroups defined by age; the presence of comorbid medical conditions; and the type, dose, and method of hormonal delivery. This recommendation applies to postmenopausal women who are considering hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic medical conditions. It does not apply to women who are considering hormone therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes or vaginal dryness. It also does not apply to women younger than 50 years who have had surgical menopause. The USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. (Grade D recommendation).The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy. (Grade D recommendation).

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: The Heart of the Matter

In this issue, the USPSTF recommends against using hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. The editorialists discuss why evidence that became available aft...

Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice January/February 2013

Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice January/February 2013

Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendation Statement: United States Preventive Services Task Force

Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendation Statement: United States Preventive Services Task Force

Raloxifene and Cardiovascular Health: Its Relationship to Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Hemostatic and Inflammation Factors and Cardiovascular Function in Postmenopausal Women

CHD is one of the most common serious chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and leads to extremely high risk for recurrent myocardial infarction and death. On the basis of the currently available randomized clinical-trial results the role of conventional HRT for treatment and prevention of CHD is rapidly evolving from presumed benefit to proven harm, at least in some categories of women yet to define. For this reason there has been a particular interest in potential clinical uses of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). SERMs are a class of compounds that can act as estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in some domains (bone and lipids) and acting as ER antagonists in others (breast and uterus). Raloxifene hydrochloride is an antiestrogen that is currently approved only to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Because of its effects on lipids and other biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, there is great interest in determining whether it may benefit the cardiovascular system. The great majority of data on cardiovascular effects of raloxifene concern effects on lipids and markers of thrombosis and inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the best available evidence concerning raloxifene and cardiovascular disease focusing some areas known to be important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: lipids and lipoproteins, glucose metabolism, hemostatic factors, markers of inflammation and cardiovascular function.

Assessing the economic impact of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women

The ageing of the US population and the recognised importance of preventative care has led to a growing body of research regarding the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic diseases in postmenopausal women. According to the National Institute of Health, postmenopausal women have a significant increase in risk for a number of debilitating diseases, including osteoporosis, breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, recently published studies prompted patients, clinicians and payers to re-examine the risks and benefits of a well-accepted therapy to treat postmenopausal symptoms. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework for assessing the economic impact of disorders affecting postmenopausal women, with a particular focus on osteoporosis, breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. This framework considers the prevalence of these conditions, the profiles of women suffering from each of them and prevailing patterns of treatment for these disorders. Taken together, these factors are used to analyse the overall economic impact of postmenopausal disorders and to provide an expert opinion in this context.

Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations on hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and the supporting scientific evidence, and updates the Task Force's 2002 recommendations on hormone replacement therapy. The updated statement is based on the results of the Women's Health Initiative randomized, controlled trial, as well as the information in the 2002 summary of the evidence on this topic, which is available on the USPSTF Web site (http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov).

Hormone Therapy To Prevent Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Hormone Therapy To Prevent Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Menopausal hormone therapy: summary of a scientific workshop.

Menopausal hormone therapy: summary of a scientific workshop.

HRT, women and heart disease: facts about prevention

In 1996, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended counseling all perimenopausal and postmenopausal women about the potential benefits and harms of HRT. They determined that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against HRT for all women, but thought that individual decisions should be based on patient risk factors, an understanding of the probable benefits (for example, the prevention of myocardial infraction or fracture) and harms (for example, endometrial cancer with unopposed estrogen or breast cancer), and personal preferences. New recommendations were posted on October 23, 2002, and now the USPSTF recommends against the routine use of estrogen and progestin for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. The USPSTF found fair to good evidence that the combination of estrogen and progestin has both benefits and harms.