Chromosomal Aberrations In Mice Research Articles

Protective effect of carwin capsules against cyclophosphamide induced chromosomal aberrations in mice

The concept of polyherbalism has been highlighted in , an Ayurvedic literature dating back to 1300 AD. Polyherbal formulations enhance the therapeutic action and reduce the concentrations of single herbs, thereby reducing adverse events. In the present study, the clastogenic effect of carwin capsuleshas been evaluated against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the mice. Genotoxicity was carried out in mouse bone marrow cells. Animals were divided into four groups each containing four animals. Group I (control) was treated orally with vehicle (acacia suspension- 1ml/100gm), Group II was treated i.p. with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, bw.), Group III was treated orally with carwin alone (1.5 mg/animal, bsa.), and Group IV was treated with cyclophosphamide + carwin. Animals were pretreated for 7 days with test drug (carwin). The evaluating parameter was to count total number of aberrated chromosomes and its various types. The results demonstrate that carwin was found to be significant (P<0.01) as compared to cyclophosphamide treated as the no. of total aberrated chromosomes in carwin treated was decreased effectively. And also carwin was able to significantly (P<0.01) protect the action caused by cyclophosphamide as well was also found to be effective antigenotoxic (P<0.01) as compared to cyclophosphamide, when total no. of aberrated cells and their types were scored. Therefore, the results suggest a genotoxic potential of carwin capsules.

Chromosomal Aberrations in Large Japanese Field Mice (Apodemus speciosus) Captured in Various Periods after Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.

After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, we studied the chromosomal aberrations (dicentrics and translocations) in the splenic lymphocytes of wild mice inhabiting Fukushima prefecture. Here, we report the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) captured from 2012 to 2016 in a heavily contaminated area. The chromosomal aberrations were detected using newly developed 4-color FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with A. speciosus chromosome 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-specific painting probes. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in mice captured in July 2012 and October 2014 were significantly higher than that in the mice inhabiting the non-contaminated control area; however, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mice captured in January 2016 was not. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in individual mice tended to increase with certain dose rates and accumulated doses. Regression tree analyses suggested increasing chromosomal aberration rate in mice exposed to chronic radiation at dose rates of more than 1.1 mGy day-1 and at accumulated doses of more than 200 mGy. It is concluded that ambient dose rates in the most severely contaminated area of Fukushima prefecture and radiation doses to wild mice inhabiting this area decrease with time; consequently, chromosomal aberrations induced by radiation have not been detected 5 years after the accident.

Biodegradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate by indigenous isolate Shinella yambaruensis SA1 and its validation by genotoxic analysis

Shinella yambaruensis SA1, an indigenous strain, was isolated from sludge of wastewater treatment plant. The isolate SA1 efficiently degraded 0.58 mM of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate (4-ABS) after 6 h incubation and utilized it as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy under aerobic conditions. The isolate SA1 retained its potential to degrade 4-ABS when grown in medium supplemented upto 3% (w/v) NaCl. The LC/MS based analysis of degradation products and assay of ring opening enzymes indicated that 4-ABS was degraded via ortho cleavage pathway. The efficiency of 4-ABS biodegradation was evaluated by scoring chromosomal aberrations in mice which showed 53% reduction in the genotoxicity of biologically treated samples as compared to pure 4-ABS. Thus, SA1 could be a potential isolate for developing sequential anoxic-aerobic system for achieving mineralization of polar aromatic amine intermediates generated after breakdown of textile dyes.

Boswellic acid suppresses cyclophosphamide induced chromosomal damage in mice

This study was performed to determine whether Boswellic acid suppresses genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Genotoxicity was induced by the administration of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) in swiss albino mice and was measured by counting the number of micronuclei and observing chromosomal aberration. In test group Boswellic acid was given in the dose of 200 mg/kg and various chromosomal aberration and formation of micronuclei were observed. Boswellic acid in dose of 200 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the cyclophosphamide induced micronucleus formation and also significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited chromosomal aberrations in mice. Whereas Boswellic acid alone did not either induce formation of micronuclei or chromosomal aberration in mice. Boswellic acid itself doesn’t have any genotoxic effect and suppresses genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.

Antimutagenicity of selenium-enriched rice on mice exposure to cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C

The in vivo antimutagenicity of Se-enriched rice was evaluated by bone marrow micronucleus and testicle chromosomal aberrations assay in mice exposed to cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC). Regular rice did not alter the occurrence of chemical-induced mutation. However, the addition of Se-enriched rice or selenite significantly inhibited the incidence of CP-induced micronuclei and MMC-induced chromosomal aberration in mice and the effect was dose-dependent. Providing selenite or Se-enriched rice also significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and the selenium concentration in blood compared to regular rice. No significant differences were found in mice body weight gain. These results revealed the antimutagenic potential of Se-enriched rice against chemical-induced mutation.

Cytogenetic Studies on Two Drugs for Natural Relief of Prostatic Disorders

Pepon and prostoplex, new drugs containing natural substances, are used in the treatment of prostatic disorders. The cytogenetic effects of these drugs were tested in mice's bone marrow and spermatocytes cells at two doses comparable to propose human therapeutic and double therapeutic doses.The results revealed that the total numbers of structural chromosomal aberrations in mice's bone marrow, with or without gap, were significantly increased at p<0.01 for pepon and at p<0.05 for prostoplex at therapeutic doses. Whereas at double therapeutic doses, the two drugs showed highly significant increases in the total numbers of structural chromosomal aberrations compared with controls.The frequency of total chromosomal aberrations in mice's spermatocytes was increased at significant level p<0.01 for both drugs at therapeutic doses. At double therapeutic doses, pepon and postoplex increased the total chromosomal aberrations in spermatocyte cells at highly significant level p<0.001.In conclusion, the cytogenetic analysis of pepon and prostoplex revealed that the two drugs have adverse effect on somatic and germinal materials at therapeutic dose. Also, our results are considered as a caution for the treatment with these two drugs at double therapeutic doses, which have mutagenic effect on somatic and germinal materials.

Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu-21) against cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenicity in mice.

The object was to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal formulation, Immu-21, against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in mice. CP alone (40 mg/kg, i.p.) produced classical as well as non-classical chromosomal aberrations in mice, and the incidence of CA was significantly more in the CP treated group when compared with that of the control group. Immu-21, which contains extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis and Tinospora cordifolia, was given at 100 mg/kg, daily, over 7 days, and 30 mg/kg daily over 14 days and inhibited both CP-induced classical and non-classical chromosomal aberrations ( approximately 40%-60% of control). A significant increase in MN was also observed in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice treated with CP, and pretreatment with Immu-21 also significantly reduced these. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by estimating the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs). The present results indicate that chronic treatment with Immu-21 prevented CP-induced genotoxicity in mice.

Effect of repeated superovulation treatments on embryo yield and chromosomal aberrations in mice

Effect of repeated superovulation treatments on embryo yield and chromosomal aberrations in mice

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Acrylonitrile in Different Tissues of Male Mice.

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is an extensively produced industrial chemical used in the synthesis of plastics and fibers. It has been found in car exhaust, cigarette smoke, drinking water and food products. The ability of acrylonitrile to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE's) and chromosomal aberrations in male mice was investigated. Three dose levels of acrylonitrile (5, 7.5, 10 mg kg-1b.wt.) were tested (i.p.) for SCE's. The dose 10 mg kg-1b.wt. induced significant increase in the frequency of SCE's 7.2 ±0.2/cell as compared with 4.4±0.26 for control, but the rate of increase was significantly lower than that with mitomycin C 11.9±0.5. Oral treatment with acrylonitrile induced a statistically significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in mouse spermatocytes, bone-marrow as well as spleen cells. The aberration frequency increased with the dose and the number of treatments. In all experiments, mitomycin C induced much higher effect.In conclusion acrylonitrile has shown clastogenic potential in the mice examined.

Protective Effect of Cassia Occidentals Extract on Chemical-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations in Mice

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the antimutagenic potential of aqueous extract of Cassia occidentalis against the chromosomal aberrations (CA) produced in vivo by benzo[a] pyrene (B[a]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice. Animals (male mice) were treated with three doses of plant extract (50mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mgAg) for 7 days prior to the administration of single dose of mutagens (B[a]P 125mg/kg oral; CP 40mg/kg i.p). The results indicated that C. occidentalis was not genotoxic per se and exerted no other toxic signs and symptoms in treated animals. The chromosomal aberrations produced by B[a]P and CP were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by C. occidentalis pre-treatment. Furthermore, animals treated with plant extract showed a reduced level of cytochrome P 450 (Cyt P 450) and elevated levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione content in the liver. It seems that C. occidentalis exerts its antimutagenic activity by modulating the xenobiotic activation and detoxification mechanisms.

Cadmium-induced alterations of hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione level and their possible correlation with chromosomal aberration in mice: a time course study

Cadmium, a heavy metal, has been found to possess a potent toxic effect on liver and bone marrow. In the present study, attempts were made to understand whether or not any correlation existed between hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferase activity, reduced glutathione level and chromosome aberrations, micronucleus and mitotic index in bone marrow cells of Balb/C male mice. Cadmium chloride (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.), when administered subcutaneously for 7 alternate days, exerted duration-dependent toxic effects on hepatic biochemical and cytogenetic parameters of bone marrow. A shorter time interval (5 days) elicited no significant alteration in the case of biochemical parameters, but with the advancement of time (i.e. after 10 and 15 days) lipid peroxidation showed 102% ( p<0.001) elevation and after 15 days, glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione level decreased by 35% ( p<0.001) and 32% ( p<0.001), respectively, from the control values with concomitant elevation of chromosomal aberrations (30%) and micronucleus (2.32%) but the mitotic index was inhibited by 1.26%. The results of our study, provided evidence of cadmium-induced duration-dependent depression of GSH-mediated GST-catalysed detoxication capacity of the host and that this was presumably related to the induction of chromosomal aberrations. The clastogenic efficacy of this heavy metal was thus evident from the study.

Clastogenic effect of extracts obtained from Crotalaria retusa L. and Crotalaria mucronata Desv. on mouse bone marrow cells

This work has evaluated the clastogenicity of six extracts (tea and aqueous extract of leaves, tea, aqueous and methanolic extracts of dried fruit, and tea of unripe fruit) obtained from Crotalaria retusa L. and three extracts (tea and methanolic extract of dried fruit, and tea of unripe fruit) obtained from Crotalaria mucronata Desv. The extracts were injected intraperitoneally into mice, and the animals were killed 24 h after treatment for preparation of bone marrow cells. The extracts obtained from fruits of Crotalaria retusa were found to cause a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mice. On the other hand, no statistically significant increase in the frequency of aberrant cells was observed for the animals treated with leaf extracts obtained from Crotalaria retusa and with extracts from fruits of Crotalaria mucronata. The possibility that the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, present in Crotalaria retusa exerts a clastogenic effect on mouse bone marrow cells is discussed. Our conclusion is based on studies using intraperitoneal treatments. Effects of oral exposure to extracts of Crotalaria retusa are unknown.

Maternal and fetal chromosomal aberrations in mice following prenatal exposure to subembryotoxic doses of lead nitrate.

Maternal exposure to low levels of lead nitrate (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg body weight), administered on the 9th day of gestation, did not cause embryonic resorption and fetal lethality, but induced chromosomal deletions and other forms of aberrations in fetal liver and maternal bone marrow cells.

Effects of H-2 complex and non-H-2 background on urethane-induced chromosomal aberrations in mice

The incidence of in vivo urethane-induced chromosomal aberrations was examined in H-2 congenic strains of mice with B10 and A backgrounds. Chromosome analysis of bone-marrow cells could divide 7 lines of A.H-2 congenic strains into 2 groups: one with a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations such as in A/Wy (haplotype H-2 a), A/J (H-2 a), A.AL (H-2 a1) and A.TL (H-2 t1), and the other consisting of A.TH (H-2 t2), A.CA (H-2 f), A.BY (H-2 b) and A.SW (H-2 s). The same tendency was also observed in the spleen cells. Among B10.H-2 congenic mice, B10.A (H-2 a), B10.BR (H-2 k), B10.A(3R) (H-2 i3), B10.A(5R) (H-2 i5) and B10.S(9R) (H-2 t4) exhibited significantly higher rates of induced chromosomal aberrations than those in B10 (H-2 b), B10.S (H-2 s), B10.A(2R), (H-2 h2), B10.A(4R) (H-2 h4) and B10.S(7R) (H-2 t2). To determine the effect on non-H-2 genetic backgrounds on urethane-induced chromosomal aberrations, 4 pairs of strains which have the same H-2 haplotypes, such as in B10 vs. A.BY (H-2 b), B10.A vs. A/Wy (H-2 a), B10.S vs. A.SW (H-2 s), and B10.S(7R) vs. A.TH (H-2 t2), were compared. The strains with a B10 background exhibited significantly higher frequencies of deletions and lower frequencies of exchanges than the strains with an A background. These data suggested that at least two genes are involved in the regulation of urethane-induced chromosomal aberrations in mice, one of which is mapped between the S and D regions in the H-2 complex, and another not belonging to H-2.

Effect of dietary fat on aflatoxin B 1 -induced chromosomal aberrations in mice

The effect on the frequency of aflatoxin b 1 (AFB 1)-induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of mice fed diets containing increasing levels of sesame oil was investigated. Mice receiving either 9% or 12% sesame oil in their diet for 8 weeks presented a statistically increased AFB 1-induced aberration rate as compared to those given a diet containing 3% sesame oil. These data suggest that the metabolism of a mutagen can be influenced by the dietary lipid intake of the test animal.

The Reproductive Effects Assessment Group's report on the mutagenicity of 1,3-butadiene and its reactive metabolites.

A major data gap for assessing heritable risk from exposure to 1,3-butadiene is the lack of mammalian mutagenicity data. The data base on the mutagenic potential of 1,3-butadiene is limited to three bacterial studies from the same laboratory. Two of these studies were positive only in the presence of liver S9 mix from chemically pretreated animals. In vitro data suggest that 1,3-butadiene is metabolized to two epoxide intermediates. 3,4-Epoxybutene, one potential reactive metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a monofunctional alkylating agent and is a direct-acting mutagen in bacteria. In addition, unpublished data suggest that 3,4-epoxy-butene induces DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in mice. Another potential reactive metabolite, 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane, is a bifunctional alkylating agent and is mutagenic in a wide variety of organisms (bacteria, fungi, and the germ cells of Drosophila). This metabolite also induces DNA damage in mice and in cultured hamster cells, is clastogenic in fungi and cultured rat cells, and produces chromosome damage/breakage in Drosophila germ cells. These data, when combined with evidence that 1,3-butadiene is carcinogenic in rodent gonadal tissues and is associated with gonadal atrophy in mice, constitute suggestive evidence that 1,3-butadiene may be a human germ cell mutagen. However, because the mutagenicity of 1,3-butadiene has been studied only in bacteria, studies in mammalian test systems are needed to further characterize the mutagenic potential of 1,3-butadiene.

Lack of synergistic effect between arsenic, mercury and ethyl methane sulfonate on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mice.

The influence of arsenic and mercury on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by ethylmethane sulfonate was studied in mice. No synergistic effects could be demonstrated in somatic and germ cells of mice given a combined treatment of arsenic trioxide solution (As2O3, 12 mg per kg body weight) or of mercuric chloride solution (HgCl2, 6 mg per kg body weight) with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS, 200 mg per kg body weight).

On the correlation of chemically induced somatic mutations (fur spot test) and chromosomal aberrations in mice

On the correlation of chemically induced somatic mutations (fur spot test) and chromosomal aberrations in mice

Syndactylism associated with chromosomal aberration in mice

Syndactylism associated with chromosomal aberration in mice