Christian Albrechts University Research Articles

Encouraging medical students to become surgeons? Impact of psychological and surgical factors on career choice at medical school.

Training decisions are viewed as a problem by the majority of medical students.In the present study we compared sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of students who are interested in surgical training to those who preferred a non-surgical specialty. Furthermore, we examined whether students who wish to be trained as surgeons performed better than their non-surgical counterparts in a course designed to acquire skills in minimally invasive surgery. From October 2020 to January 2021 we performed a cross-sectional survey among 116 medical students prior to their year of practical training at Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel. Based on their intended field of specialization, the students were divided into a non-surgical and a surgical group. Sociodemographic and psychological characteristics such as self-efficacy expectations, resilience and stress perception were evaluated and compared between groups. Simultaneously, we compared their surgical performance in two laparoscopic exercises and their self-assessment as surgeons. Statistical differences between the training groups were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test or Pearson's Chi square test. Ninety-two students participated in the study, of whom 64.1% intended to train in a non-surgical specialty and 35.9% in a surgical specialty. Students who wished to be trained as surgeons had higher general self-efficacy expectations (p<0.001) and greater resilience (p=0.009). However, on comparison they had a lower stress level (p=0.047). The inter-group comparison of training results and self-assessment as surgeons revealed no unequivocal differences in surgical performance. Interest in surgical specialties is correlated, among other factors, with the strength of psychological skills such as general self-efficacy expectations, resilience and stress perception. Early attention to these psychological resources in academic training might assist medical students in future career choices.

The Fahrdorf wreck: another large 12th-century cargo ship in the Schlei, northern Germany

In 2014 an accidentally raised construction timber turned out to be a part of a medieval shipwreck resting in the murky waters of the Schlei inlet of the Baltic Sea in northern Germany. The Study Group for Maritime and Limnic Archaeology (AMLA) of the Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) at Kiel has examined and documented the remains using computer vision photogrammetry over recent years. Based on these campaigns it has been possible to date the wreck and determine its function as a large cargo sailing vessel, which testifies to the importance of the Schlei as a trading route for the cities of Hedeby and Schleswig.

Mart Susi's internet balancing formula

European Law JournalVolume 25, Issue 2 p. 213-220 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE Mart Susi's internet balancing formula Robert Alexy, Robert AlexyFaculty of Law, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany. The author would like to thank Stanley L. Paulson for suggestions and advice on matters of English style. The author kindly acknowledges the financial support of a research grant on ‘The Role of Proportionality in Constitutional Adjudication’ (15-23955S) awarded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.Search for more papers by this author Robert Alexy, Robert AlexyFaculty of Law, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany. The author would like to thank Stanley L. Paulson for suggestions and advice on matters of English style. The author kindly acknowledges the financial support of a research grant on ‘The Role of Proportionality in Constitutional Adjudication’ (15-23955S) awarded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12314Citations: 2 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue2Special Issue: Internet and human rights lawMarch 2019Pages 213-220 RelatedInformation

PB16. Prefrontal bipolar versus multichannel tDCS: Impact on working memory performance

Introduction Recent studies show that tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) can successfully affect working memory (WM) performance ( Coffman et al., 2014 ). The present study investigates the influences of a classical bipolar and more focal multichannel tDCS over the lDLPFC on WM performance (2-back task) and continuous performance task (CPT) as non target task as well as on resting-state EEG oscillations and ERPs. Methods The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the Faculty of Medicine Christian-Albrechts University Kiel. Eighteen healthy young adults (18–30 years) participated in the study. Participants were stimulated 3 times (bipolar, multichannel, sham stimulation in randomized order) over the lDLPFC for 20 min, minimum period between sessions was 7 days. For bipolar stimulation 1 mA was applied by two circular saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes (25 cm2), with anode positioned over F3 and reference over FP2. For multichannel tDCS we used five 3.14 cm2 circular PiStim electrodes (Neuroelectrics, Barcelona, Spain), positioned at AF3 (897 uA), AF7 (284 uA), F3 (819 uA), FP2 (−1000 uA) and T7 (−1000 uA). After stimulation EEG at rest (2 min eyes closed, 2 min eyes open) and during 2-back and CPT performance was recorded. Results Behavioral results show significant improvement of accuracy in the 2-back task after multichannel and bipolar tDCS compared to sham stimulation but not for CPT performance. Incidence and intensity of aversive side effects did not differ between multichannel, bipolar or sham tDCS. Conclusion Our results show that multichannel and bipolar tDCS over the lDLPFC have the potential of modulating WM performance, with multifocal stimulation not eliciting greater effects, which is in contrary to results of motor cortex area stimulation ( Fischer et al., 2017 ). Since WM performance but not non target-task performance was affected, our results suggest that the area of interest has been successfully stimulated. Our results on aversive side effect underline the tolerability of multichannel tDCS and bipolar tDCS. Additionally, participants were not able to discriminate real and sham stimulation effectively. However, future analyses, especially of obtained EEG data, will give further insight on the efficacy and tolerability of multichannel tDCS versus bipolar tDCS. This study was conducted as part of the STIPED program. STIPED has received funding from European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 731827 .

In memoriam Jürgen Rost (1952–2017)

Jurgen Rost passed away on July 1st, 2017, after a long and serious illness. For those who do not know him well, he was a professor of psychology at the Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, and research director at the institute for science education before his early retirement.Jurgen was a brilliant and passionate psychometrician. He is known internationally as a leading scholar in this area for his groundbreaking contributions to item response theory and latent class modeling. His work on the development of mixture distribution Rasch models had a lasting impact on the field. Jurgen was not only interested in developing the sophisticated theory of his models but he was also passionate about making his work, and more general, advanced psychometric modeling, accessible to applied researchers. He wrote a textbook on test theory that became the essential German language reference on item response theory. This textbook was published in a first edition in 1996, and then republished in 2004 in extended and revised form. It became the go-to reference for applied researchers and has been used by academic teachers for entry-level and advanced classes on modern test theory.In collaboration with his doctoral students he also developed user friendly computer programs, among these WINMIRA and MULTIRA, that allowed researchers to apply complex psychometric models through easy to use graphical interfaces. These software packages are central tools accompanying the textbook, and were included first on CDROM and later as a download, together with exercises and example data sets that were part of the chapters. That way readers could practice what they learned immediately using free versions of these programs, which can be used to estimate a vast majority of the models discussed in Jurgen's textbook.Aside from writing textbooks and developing teaching tools, Jurgen was also a very active book editor, often in conjunction with colleagues, and often based on groundbreaking conferences that brought together scholars from across the world who followed different lines of thought, and who would consider their own approaches different from those of others. A (mis-)conception that was often either softened or resolved after either attending one of these conferences, or after reading the proceedings that came out of these meetings. Among many of the impactful edited volumes, two are of particular and of continued interest to the world of psychometrics: Trait and Latent Class edited by Rolf Langeheine and Jurgen Rost, published in 1988, and named by Neil Henry one of the most important references on latent class analysis in his 50-year review of research in this domain. This volume is recognized as a classic, and was followed by another emerging classic entitled Applications of Latent Trait and Latent Class Models in the Social Sciences, published in 1997, and edited by Jurgen Rost, and his long-term friend and colleague Rolf Langeheine as co-editor. These two volumes brought together researchers and results that stirred developments of integrated and general families of psychometric models. …

EP 134. Effect of transcranial random noise stimulation depends on sensitivity to sham stimulation

Introduction Tranccranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) induces a consistent excitability increase lasting at least 60 min after 10 min of stimulation, as demonstrated by both physiological measures and behavioural Tasks ( Terney et al., 2008 ). The present study tests whether the tRNS-induced changes in corticospinal excitability varies as a function of individual differences in sensitivity to sham stimulation. Methods The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the Faculty of Medicine Christian-Albrechts University Kiel. 24 participants, aged between 18 and 30 years, participated in the study. All subjects were right-handed according to the Edinburgh handedness inventory ( Oldfield, 1971 ). Stimulation techniques : tRNS (1 mA, 10 min) was applied through a pair of saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes (5 × 7 cm). The minimum period between sessions for a single subject was 7 days, and sessions were applied in randomized order. Monitoring of motor cortical excitability: To examine changes in corticospinal excitability, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) were recording following stimulation of its motor-cortical representation field by single-pulse TMS. For further analysis we divided three subgroups according to excitatory (‘Excitatory group’, n = 9), inhibitory (‘Inhibitory group’, n = 7) or no respond (‘Non responder group’, n = 8) to sham- stimulation (Wilcoxon signed-rank test for dependent sampling). For this, we compared the MEP-amplitude in mean of the three time points after stimulation with the MEP-amplitude in mean before. Results In all subjects the tRNS was well tolerated. The general finding of present study is that sensitivity to sham stimulation has impact on effect of tRNS; namely, ‘Excitatory group’ resulted in inhibition of tRNS, whereas inhibitory group shows excitation of tRNS. For ‘Non responder group’ the 1 mA tRNS resulted in a significant increase of MEP amplitudes compared to sham stimulation, which is consistent with the literature Conclusion Accounting for variation in individual sensitivity to sham stimulation, stimulation may influence the utility of tRNS as a tool for understanding brain-behavior interactions and as a method for clinical interventions.

EP 135. Boosting cognitive control with transcranial alternating current stimulation

Introduction Response inhibition, as a hallmark of executive control, refers to the suppression of actions that are no longer required or that are inappropriate, which supports flexible and goal-directed behaviour in ever-changing environments. In this study, we intend to prove whether the boosting of theta activity by electrical stimulation in the prefrontal cortex (pre-SMA & IFC) would (1) increase theta power in prefrontal cortex; reduce alpha power in OPC; (2) reduce number of errors in a continuous performance task; (3) to see whether pre-SMA or IFG is the important structure for motor response inhibition and process monitoring. Methods The studies were approved by the Ethic Committee of the Faculty of Medicine Christian-Albrechts University Kiel. Stimulation Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was delivering by a battery driven stimulator (NeuroConn GmbH, Ilmenau, Germany) through conductive-rubber electrodes (9 cm 2 ). So far, 12 subjects participated in four different experimental studies and they received on separate days tACS at three frequencies (6 Hz over preSMA and over rIFG, 20 Hz (frequency of no interest) over rIFG and sham stimulation. The minimum period between sessions for a single subject was 7 days. To stimulate pre-SMA: 4 cm anterior to Cz ( matches Fz) and reference electrode over contralateral supraorbital area ; to stimulate IFG: crossing point between T8-Fz and AF8-Cz. Go/NoGo task each stimulus was displayed for 0.2 s and the inter-trial interval was 1.5 s. Participants were asked to respond to all digits except of “5” by pressing a button with the right index finger. Digits “1–4” and “6-9” are thus the Go stimuli and digit “5” the NoGo stimulus. Correct Go-trials were categorized as “hits”, correct No-Go-trials as “withholds”, and responses on No-Go as “false alarms”. Results Preliminary results with 14 subjects in each condition indicate that there’s a significant difference in reaction times between hits and false alarms (in all conditions), which is consistent with the literature. Regarding the differences between conditions, there are no significant statistical differences as of now, but this might be due to the small number of subjects in each condition. There seem to be slight trends for 6Hz pSMA compared to sham: Mean reaction times for hits and false alarms were highest for 6 Hz stimulation at the pSMA. Regarding the ratio of hits and false alarms (actual number divided by potential number), subjects had the highest ratio of hits in sham stimulation and the lowest ratio in 6 Hz stimulation of pSMA. The pattern for false alarms is similar: subjects had the lowest ratio of FAs in 6 Hz stimulation of pSMA with all other conditions appearing mostly equal. Conclusion Our behavioral results so far showed that tACS could have potential in modulating behavioral responses, however future studies could improve on this study by analyzing EEG-data as correlates of the behavioral data and having larger sample sizes.

Meprin Metalloproteases Inactivate Interleukin 6

Meprins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, in which the cytokine IL-6 is a prominent effector molecule. Because IL-6 levels are elevated markedly in meprin α and α/β knockout mice in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease, the interaction between meprins and IL-6 was studied. The results demonstrate that rodent and human meprin A and B cleave IL-6 to a smaller product and, subsequently, are capable of extensive degradation of the cytokine. Analysis of the limited degradation product formed by meprin A indicated that three to five amino acids are removed from the C terminus of the cytokine. Meprin A and meprin B cleaved IL-6 with micromolar affinities (Km of 4.7 and 12.0 μM, respectively) and with high efficiencies (kcat/Km of 0.2 and 2.5 (M(-1)/s(-1)) × 10(6), respectively). These efficiency constants are among the highest for known meprin substrates. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transiently transfected with meprin α or meprin β constructs also cleave exogenous IL-6. Both human and murine IL-6 cleaved by meprin A or B are inactivated, as demonstrated by their decreased capability to stimulate proliferation of B9 cells. These results are consistent with the proposition that one function of meprin metalloproteases is to modulate inflammation by inactivating IL-6.

Identification of sleep stages from heart rate variability using a soft-decision wavelet-based technique

This work is concerned with a new technique to find identification factors for the different sleep stages based on a soft-decision wavelet-based estimation of power-spectral density (PSD) contained in the main frequency bands of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A wavelet-based PSD distribution of HRV in different sleep stages is implemented on an epoch basis. Four sleep stages (S1-S4), ''REM sleep'' (with ''rapid eye movements''), and wakefulness are considered in this work. The data used, including electro-cardiograms and sleep stage monitoring hypnograms, are provided by the sleep laboratory of the department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany. The data, taken from 12 healthy people and containing enough epochs of the above 5 different sleep stages plus the wake state, is divided into almost equal sets for training and test. The results show that the PSD of the very-low-frequency (VLF) band and the low-frequency (LF) band are reduced as sleep stages vary from the wake state to REM sleep and further to light sleep (S1-S2) and deep sleep (S3-S4). The variation of the PSD in the high-frequency (HF) band is almost the opposite. The ratio of the VLF/HF PSD is found to be a good identification factor between the different sleep stages, showing better results than other, commonly used factors such as the LF/HF and VLF/LF PSD ratios.

Ten-year outcome of three-unit fixed dental prostheses made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic

The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the long-term outcome of crown-retained fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Faculty dentists at the Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Germany, placed 36 three-unit FDPs in 28 patients to replace six anterior and 30 posterior teeth. The proximal connector size (height and width) was 4 × 3 millimeters for anterior FDPs and 4 × 4 mm for posterior FDPs. FDPs were cemented either conventionally with glass ionomer cement (n = 19) or adhesively with resin-based composite (n = 17). Patients made annual recall visits. The mean (standard deviation) observation period was 121 (12.8) months. FDPs' survival rate (survival being defined as remaining in place either with or without complications) was 100 percent after five years and 87.9 percent after 10 years, and their success rate (success being defined as remaining unchanged and free of complications) was 91.1 percent after five years and 69.8 percent after 10 years. The cementation method did not affect the outcome. Three-unit FDPs made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic showed five- and 10-year survival and success rates that were similar to those of conventional metal-ceramic FDPs. If the manufacturer's recommendations are followed, three-unit FDPs made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic may be a safe alternative to metal-ceramic FDPs regardless of the cementation method used.

Assessment of Pedophilia Using Hemodynamic Brain Response to Sexual Stimuli

Accurately assessing sexual preference is important in the treatment of child sex offenders. Phallometry is the standard method to identify sexual preference; however, this measure has been criticized for its intrusiveness and limited reliability. To evaluate whether spatial response pattern to sexual stimuli as revealed by a change in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal facilitates the identification of pedophiles. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, pedophilic and nonpedophilic participants were briefly exposed to same- and opposite-sex images of nude children and adults. We calculated differences in blood oxygen level-dependent signals to child and adult sexual stimuli for each participant. The corresponding contrast images were entered into a group analysis to calculate whole-brain difference maps between groups. We calculated an expression value that corresponded to the group result for each participant. These expression values were submitted to 2 different classification algorithms: Fisher linear discriminant analysis and κ -nearest neighbor analysis. This classification procedure was cross-validated using the leave-one-out method. Section of Sexual Medicine, Medical School, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. We recruited 24 participants with pedophilia who were sexually attracted to either prepubescent girls (n=11) or prepubescent boys (n=13) and 32 healthy male controls who were sexually attracted to either adult women (n=18) or adult men (n=14). Sensitivity and specificity scores of the 2 classification algorithms. The highest classification accuracy was achieved by Fisher linear discriminant analysis, which showed a mean accuracy of 95% (100% specificity, 88% sensitivity). Functional brain response patterns to sexual stimuli contain sufficient information to identify pedophiles with high accuracy. The automatic classification of these patterns is a promising objective tool to clinically diagnose pedophilia.

Reintroduction of the European mink Mustela lutreola in Saarland, Germany. Preliminary data on the use of space and activity as revealed by radio-tracking and live-trapping

ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 10:305-320 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00180 Reintroduction of the European mink Mustela lutreola in Saarland, Germany. Preliminary data on the use of space and activity as revealed by radio-tracking and live-trapping Elisabeth Peters1,*, Ilona Brinkmann1, Frauke Krüger2, Silke Zwirlein3, Ina Klaumann4 1Department of Ethology, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastr 11, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany 2Landschaftsökologie, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany 3Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany 4Geographie/Geowissenschaften, University of Trier, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296 Trier, Germany *Email: epeters@uni-osnabrueck.de ABSTRACT: As an attempt to help conserve the endangered European mink Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761), a reintroduction program was started in a nature reserve in Saarland, Germany; the present study is part of this ongoing reintroduction project. Within the first 2 yr period, 48 (16 ♂, 32 ♀) founder animals were reintroduced, out of a total of about 75 animals intended for release in the course of the 3 yr project. Prior to reintroduction, the animals were acclimatized using soft-release pens where they were preconditioned with natural prey . A number of individuals (n = 18) were set free in groups of mating partners (♀♀♂, ♀♂) and in mother-offspring groups. Thirty-three European mink (14 ♂, 19 ♀) were fitted with intraperitonial transmitters and radio-tracked and surveyed via live-trapping. Animals were monitored from April 2006 to May 2008 to determine the distribution, size and temporal changes in home range. Released animals showed linear home ranges spreading along rivers and brooks. Home range sizes were 7.2 km (88 ha) for 1 adult male, 0.2–5.9 km (1–505 ha) for adult females, around 1.7–5.6 km (17–132 ha) for juvenile males and 9.2 km (778 ha) for 1 juvenile female, respectively. The released adults showed inter-, but only few intra-, sexual home range overlaps. In contrast, juveniles did not show any home range overlaps. In winter, home range size decreased to a minimum of about 1 km. Further, home range size for females decreased around parturition but increased successively at time of weaning. The activity pattern of released animals was highest at night (especially around dusk and dawn). KEY WORDS: Release · Reintroduction · Home range · Intrasexual · Intersexual · Mustela lutreola · Movement pattern Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Peters E, Brinkmann I, Krüger F, Zwirlein S, Klaumann I (2009) Reintroduction of the European mink Mustela lutreola in Saarland, Germany. Preliminary data on the use of space and activity as revealed by radio-tracking and live-trapping. Endang Species Res 10:305-320. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00180Export citation Mail this link - Contents Mailing Lists - RSS Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESR Vol. 10. Online publication date: May 12, 2009 Print ISSN: 1863-5407; Online ISSN: 1613-4796 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.

Seafarers, Merchants and Pirates in the Middle Ages. Dirk Meier , Angus McGeoch

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsSeafarers, Merchants and Pirates in the Middle Ages. Dirk Meier , Angus McGeoch Timothy J. RunyanTimothy J. Runyan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 84, Number 1Jan., 2009 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713400021400 Views: 9Total views on this site Copyright 2009 The Medieval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Mounting casts on an articulator using interocclusal records

aVisiting Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, ChristianAlbrechts University; Assistant Professor, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Aleppo. bProfessor and Chairman, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, ChristianAlbrechts University. (J Prosthet Dent 2008;100:408-409) An accurate transfer of the intraoral maxillomandibular relationship to the articulator is essential for the fabrication of a prosthetic restoration. When the teeth do not offer vertical and horizontal stability between the arches, an interocclusal record is needed to relate the casts.1 However, if casts simply rest in the interocclusal record (IOR) during mounting, some movement may occur during application of the mounting stone or while the stone sets. Consequently, the mounting will be inaccurate. To avoid this problem, different procedures have been described which include holding the casts by hand2 or using rubber bands to secure the casts.3,4 However, the previously described procedures may result in an uncontrolled compressive force on the IOR and/or in a horizontal movement. This article describes a technique to mount casts using interocclusal records with no significant changes to the recorded maxillomandibular relationships, and is applicable for records made using elastomeric materials.

Seafarers, merchants and pirates in the Middle Ages

The first sailors braved the North Sea and the Baltic in open wooden boats: their aims were varied - to fish, to trade, to conquer and plunder. Without maps or compasses, they steered by the sun or by landmarks on the coast. Nevertheless they discovered Iceland and North America and explored the rivers that flowed through Europe and Russia into the Black Sea. With the Frisians and the Vikings, extensive trade routes, better ships, larger harbours and wealthy coastal towns developed. The pinnacle of these advances was the Hansa, a commercial network that ran from Bruges to Riga.In recent years, archaeologists have discovered much about the development of their ships: the elegant Viking longboat, the ubiquitous cog, the carrack and the caravel. Much, too, has been revealed about life in Viking settlements and the bustling Hanseatic cities. In this engaging and highly-illustrated volume, Dirk Meier brings to life the world of the medieval seaman, based on evidence from ship excavations and contemporary accounts of voyages. Dr Dirk Meier teaches ancient and medieval history and is Head of Coastal Archaeology at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany.

Laudatio for Klaus H. Ploog

Laudatio for Klaus H. Ploog

Self and social identity

Preface. Introduction. Part I: Self and Identity:. Introduction. 1. Self--Concept and Identity: Daphna Oyserman (University of Michigan). 2. Identity Through Time: Constructing Personal Pasts and Futures: Michael Ross (University of Waterloo, Canada) and Roger Buehler (Wilfred Laurier University, Canada). 3. An Evolutionary--Psychological Approach to Self--esteem: Multiple Domains and Multiple Functions: Lee A. Kirkpatrick (College of William and Mary) and Bruce J. Ellis (University of Canterbury, New Zealand). 4. Is Loving the Self Necessary for Loving Another? An Examination of Identity and Intimacy: W. Keith Campbell (University of North Carolina) and Roy F. Baumeister (Case Western Reserve University). 5. Self--expansion Model of Motivation and Cognition in Close Relationships and Beyond: Arthur Aron, Elaine N. Aron, and Christina Norman (all SUNY Stony Brook). 6. Psychological Consequences of Devalued Identities: Jennifer Crocker and Diane M. Quinn (both University of Michigan).. Part II: Group Identities:. Introduction. 7. Collective Identity: Group Membership and Self--Conception: Dominic Abrams (University of Kent at Canterbury) and Michael A. Hogg (University of Queensland). 8. It Takes Two to Tango: Relating Group Identity to Individual Identity within the Framework of Group Development: by Stephen Worchel and Dawna Coutant (both University of Southern Maine). 9. Social Categorization, Depersonalization, and Group Behavior: Michael A. Hogg (University of Queensland). 10. The Psychology of Crowd Dynamics: by Stephen Reicher (University of Exeter). 11. The Social Identity Perspective in Intergroup Relations: Theories, Themes, and Controversies: by John C. Turner and Katherine J. Reynolds (both Australian National University). 12. The Social Psychology of Minority--Majority Relations: Bernd Simon (Christian Albrechts University, Germany), Birgit Aufderheide (Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany), and Claudia Kampmeier (University of Kiel, Germany). 13. Toward Reduction of Prejudice: Intergroup Contact and Social Categorization: by Marilynn B. Brewer (Ohio State University) and Samuel L. Gaertner (University of Delaware). Index.

Patient safety during anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging

Patient safety during anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging

Lugovskoe, Western Siberia: A Possible Extra-Arctic Mammoth Refugium at the End of the Late Glacial

Eleven woolly mammoth bone samples from Lugovskoe (central West Siberian Plain, Russia) were radiocarbon dated in 3 laboratories: Institute of Geology, Novosibirsk; Oxford University, Oxford; and Christian Albrechts University, Kiel. Each laboratory used its own protocol for collagen extraction. Parallel dating was carried out on 3 samples in Novosibirsk and Oxford. Two results are in good agreement. However, there is a major discrepancy between 2 dates obtained for the third sample. The dates obtained so far on the Lugovskoe mammoths range from about 18,250 BP to about 10,210 BP. The Lugovskoe results thus far confirm the possibility of woolly mammoth survival south of Arctic Siberia in the Late Glacial after about 12,000 BP, which has important implications for interpreting the process of mammoth extinction. The site has also produced the first reliable traces of human occupation from central Western Siberia at the Late Glacial, including unique direct evidence of mammoth hunting.

Concerted deregulations of multiple apoptosis-controlling genes in pancreatic carcinoma cells.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 1010, Issue 1 p. 510-513 Concerted Deregulations of Multiple Apoptosis-Controlling Genes in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells ANNA TRAUZOLD, Corresponding Author ANNA TRAUZOLD Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanyAddress for correspondence: Anna Trauzold, Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller Str. 7, 24 105 Kiel, Germany. Voice: +49-431-597-1962; fax: +49-431-597-1939. atrauzold@lmed.uni-kiel.deSearch for more papers by this authorSTEFAN SCHMIEDEL, STEFAN SCHMIEDEL Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSTEPHANIE OESTERN, STEPHANIE OESTERN Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMATTHIAS CHRISTGEN, MATTHIAS CHRISTGEN Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSABINE WESTPHAL, SABINE WESTPHAL Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTIAN ROEDERM, CHRISTIAN ROEDERM Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHOLGER KALTHOFF, HOLGER KALTHOFF Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author ANNA TRAUZOLD, Corresponding Author ANNA TRAUZOLD Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanyAddress for correspondence: Anna Trauzold, Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller Str. 7, 24 105 Kiel, Germany. Voice: +49-431-597-1962; fax: +49-431-597-1939. atrauzold@lmed.uni-kiel.deSearch for more papers by this authorSTEFAN SCHMIEDEL, STEFAN SCHMIEDEL Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSTEPHANIE OESTERN, STEPHANIE OESTERN Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMATTHIAS CHRISTGEN, MATTHIAS CHRISTGEN Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSABINE WESTPHAL, SABINE WESTPHAL Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTIAN ROEDERM, CHRISTIAN ROEDERM Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHOLGER KALTHOFF, HOLGER KALTHOFF Molecular Oncology, Clinic for General Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, 24 105 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 January 2006 https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1299.094Citations: 11Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1010, Issue1Apoptosis from Signaling Pathways to Therapeutic ToolsDecember 2003Pages 510-513 RelatedInformation