Chonnam National University Medical School Research Articles

Design and Implementation of a Career Planning Program at Chonnam National University Medical School

Chonnam National University Medical School has designed and implemented two career planning programs: a three-phase curriculum-based program and a longitudinal non-curricular program over the course of 6 academic years. The three phases of the curriculum-based career planning program are self-assessment, career exploration, and field experience. The non-curricular career counseling program operates through a faculty advisor system, with each faculty member guiding a group of students from each academic year, and students in each year forming a mentor-mentee relationship. The non-curricular career exploration program consists of a student research support program, an international practice program in basic and clinical medicine, and a specialty exploration fair. A survey conducted among 38 graduates (54.3%) working as interns at Chonnam National University Hospital revealed that graduates preferred autonomous elective subjects within the curriculum-based program. They also responded positively to the faculty advisor system, through which they maintained close relationships. A focus group interview with three interns indicated that subjects providing direct experience in fields of interest and courses that students could choose freely were helpful in career decisions. Through follow-up research, it is necessary to design and operate a systematic career planning program based on an analysis of the needs of graduates taking part in a residency training program after selecting a medical specialty.

The application of flipped learning to a gross anatomy dissection course.

We implemented flipped learning for a gross anatomy dissection course and compared its effects on students' motivation and academic achievement with those of traditional dissection methods. We invited 142 first-year medical students at Chonnam National University Medical School to participate in this study. All participants engaged in traditional dissection methods in the first part of the study and flipped learning in the latter part. Medical students' motivation to learn anatomy by cadaveric dissection was measured using the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) model. Thereafter, all students completed a written examination consisting of 96 multiple-choice questions. The students' mean motivational score regarding attention was significantly higher in association with flipped learning than with traditional learning. However, the students' mean motivational scores regarding relevance, confidence, and satisfaction were not significantly different between the methods. Additionally, the mean anatomy practice test score was significantly higher in association with flipped learning than with traditional learning. The students' motivational scores and anatomy practice test scores associated with flipped learning positively correlated with the extent of learning material completion. The students' responses indicated that flipped learning helped enhance the learning process, improve time management, reduce confusion during practice, and promote independent practice. The application of flipped learning to a cadaveric dissection course increased individual learning motivation, which improved learning activities both in and out of class, as well as academic achievement.

Factors associated with academic performance among medical students at a medical school in South Korea: A retrospective cohort study.

Longitudinal research has provided systematic empirical data on the short- and long-term outcomes of admissions policies, curricular innovations, and complex decisions on students' academic progress. This study aimed to investigate the academic performance of medical students and related factors using cohort database collected from a medical school. The study participants included 134 medical students who graduated from Chonnam National University Medical School in 2022. The medical school's cohort database was used to collect data on demographics, admission, academic performance, extracurricular activities, and performance on the National Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). Participating in club activities had a significant association with medical students' academic advancement delay or leave of absence during the entire course of medical school (P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the nationwide clinical knowledge mock examination during the fourth year of medical school was significantly associated with passing the KMLE (adjusted odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.22; P = 0.014). Extracurricular school activities (a non-cognitive student attribute) and a wide range of cognitive student attributes captured from the cohort database were associated with medical students' academic performance. In conclusion, this study can reinforce a strong emphasis on the inclusion of cognitive and non-cognitive information in medical school curricula and assessments in order to improve medical education programs and future postgraduate performance.

Development and Maintenance of Cohort Data at Chonnam National University Medical School

The aim of this study was to systematically collect data for evaluating short- and long-term outcomes using Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model, Chonnam National Medical School has established plans for developing and managing a database of student and graduate cohorts. The Education Evaluation Committee, with assistance from the Medical Education Office, manages the development and maintenance of cohort data. Data collection began in the 2022 academic year with first- through fourth-year medical students and graduates of the year 2022. The collected data include sociodemographic characteristics, admission information, psychological test results, academic performance data, extracurricular activity data, scholarship records, national medical licensing exam results, and post-graduation career paths. The Education Evaluation Committee and the Medical Education Office analyze the annually updated student and graduate cohort data and report the results to the dean and relevant committees. These results are used for admissions processes, curriculum improvement, and the development of educational programs. Applicants interested in using the student and graduate cohort data to evaluate the curriculum or conduct academic research must undergo review by the Educational Evaluation Committee before being granted access to the data. It is expected that the collected data from student and graduate cohorts will provide a sound and scientific basis for evaluating short- and long-term achievements based on student, school, and other characteristics, thereby supporting medical education policies, innovation, and implementation.

Analysis of Basic Medicine-Related Questions in the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (2016–2018)

Basic medical education is important for developing the competencies of medical doctors, and it includes basic biomedical sciences, preventive medicine, medical ethics, and clinical science. This study aimed to reveal the current status of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE) regarding its evaluation of competencies in basic biomedical sciences. The basic science-related questions were screened and selected from the test forms of the KMLE (2016–2018) by personnel conducting basic biomedical science education, and the selected questions were evaluated with three independent groups of undergraduate students at Chonnam National University Medical School in terms of the learning outcomes of basic medical education. The study scope includes the proportion of basic medicine-related questions, which consist of basic medicine questions and basic medicine-related clinical medicine questions, and its annual change, discipline distribution, and associated learning outcomes. The average proportions of basic biomedical sciences, preventive medicine and medical law, and clinical sciences were 2.3%, 5.8%, and 91.9% of all questions, respectively. The proportion of basic medicine-related questions, except those on preventive medicine and medical law, was 22.0% of the total, and questions on pharmacology and microbiology accounted for 83.0% of the basic medicine-related questions. The proportion of sub-enabling learning outcomes linked with basic medicine-related questions comprised 14.0% of the total outcomes for basic biomedical sciences and 30.4% for preventive medicine and medical law. It is concluded that the KMLE questions may not sufficiently cover the essential competencies of basic medical education for medical doctors, and the KMLE may need to be improved with regard to competencies in basic biomedical sciences.

The Relationship Between Social Presence and Learning Satisfaction in Videoconferencing Problem‐Based Learning

Despite current regulations requiring social distancing due to coronavirus disease 2019, problem-based learning (PBL) requires student interaction to achieve common goals and enhance critical thinking and deep learning abilities. Social presence in the online education environment reduces both perceptions of physical distance and psychological distance in interactions. This study aimed to compare PBL activities between in-person and videoconferencing classes, and to investigate social presence and learning satisfaction in a videoconferencing PBL environment. The PBL consisted of six modules for both the first and second years of Chonnam National University Medical School. As social distancing was strengthened, the second class of the fifth module in both years was converted to an online format and the fifth module was excluded. The first four PBL modules were conducted as in-person classes, but the last PBL module was administered via videoconferencing. After the final PBL module, 100 (81.3%) first-year medical students and 90 (79.6%) second-year students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on social presence and learning satisfaction. There were no significant differences in the small group activities of tutorial sessions between in-person and videoconferencing classes. In the online videoconferencing class, students who had favorable attitudes toward the tutors’ social role and interactions with peers showed high satisfaction with their learning. In conclusion, online videoconferencing allows students to simultaneously perceive their interactions with others and social presence, even at a distance. Tutors can enhance a sense of online community and collaborative learning as facilitators of online PBL.

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Chondroid syringoma of the axilla masquerading as a metastatic lymph node.

The Breast JournalVolume 26, Issue 7 p. 1402-1403 BREAST IMAGES Chondroid syringoma of the axilla masquerading as a metastatic lymph node So Yeon Ki MD, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHyo Soon Lim MD, Corresponding Author nicolas-hs@hanmail.net orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-499X Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Correspondence Hyo Soon Lim, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, #322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Korea. Email: nicolas-hs@hanmail.netSearch for more papers by this authorHyo-jae Lee MD, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJi Shin Lee MD, orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-4587 Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this author So Yeon Ki MD, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHyo Soon Lim MD, Corresponding Author nicolas-hs@hanmail.net orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-499X Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Correspondence Hyo Soon Lim, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, #322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Korea. Email: nicolas-hs@hanmail.netSearch for more papers by this authorHyo-jae Lee MD, Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJi Shin Lee MD, orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-4587 Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, KoreaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.13773Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume26, Issue7July 2020Pages 1402-1403 RelatedInformation

Premedical Curriculum at Chonnam National University Medical School

The educational goal of premedical education is to provide the desired college-level training in liberal arts as well as sciences, and to equip students with a basis for future medical studies. The purpose of this study was to introduce a premedical curriculum at Chonnam National University Medical School and to provide baseline data for developing an improved premedical curriculum. The reformed premedical curriculum has been followed since 2017. Formal premedical curriculum consists of basic education and character education through liberal arts study and major courses related to medical education. In addition to the formal premedical curriculum, students are supported through various programs that help develop interpersonal and intrapersonal competences.

Clinical Characteristics and Hearing Results of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child

Received July 26, 2015 Revised October 30, 2015 Accepted November 1, 2015 Address for correspondence Yong Beom Cho, MD, PhD Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel +82-62-220-6785 Fax +82-62-228-7743 E-mail scroll96@naver.com Background and ObjectivesZZSudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in children can occur just as can in adults; in fact, it may last throughout the entire life of a child, affecting the individual much more than when it does to an adult. As there are only a few studies that have focused on SSNHL in childhood, we investigated the clinical characteristics and hearing outcomes of pediatric SSNHL. Subjects and MethodZZA retrospective review of patients from November 2005 to May 2014 was carried out. Thirty nine patients under the age 15, who were hospitalized due to SSNHL were enrolled. Of these patients, 226 patients over the age of 15 were collected as a comparison group. Age, sex, underlying disease, site of hearing loss and duration from the onset to treatment were analyzed. We evaluated the overall recovery rate as well as the recovery rate according to accompanying diseases. ResultsZZRecovery rates were comparable between the pediatric and the adult group. Overall recovery rate was 60% in the pediatric group. Unlike for the adult group, dizziness and tinnitus were not a prognostic factor in the pediatric group. Pediatric patients showed similar overall recovery, whether the treatment initiation was under 7 days or more. Recurrence was seen in 3 patients, of which 2 showed complete recovery. ConclusionZZThe recovery rate for SSNHL was similar for the pediatric and the adult groups. A higher recurrence rate may alert clinicians to be aware of hearing changes after the recovery in pediatric patients. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2016;59(2):104-9

The Clinical and Radiological Results of Vancouver Type B1 and C Periprosthetic Fractures

26 Copyright c 2016 The Korean Fracture Society. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received December 30, 2014 Revised (1st) February 23, 2015, (2nd) June 3, 2015, (3rd) July 24, 2015 Accepted November 30, 2015 Address reprint requests to: Taek-Rim Yoon, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel: 82-62-227-1640ᆞFax: 82-62-227-7794 E-mail: tryoon@chonnam.ac.kr

Development of a More Effective Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Infants and Children during Medical Check-Ups

Jiyoung Lee, Jihye Rhee, Su-Kyoung Park, Jiwon Chang, Jin-Sook Kim, Kyoung Ho Park, Hyong Ho Cho, Jun Ho Lee, Son Moon Shin, and Moo Kyun Park Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Audiology, Hallym University, Chuncheon; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju; and Department of Pediatrics, Cheil Hospital, Seoul, Korea

Spontaneous acute epidural hematoma developed due to skull metastasis of hepatocelluar carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Acute epidural hematoma (AEDH) is one of the most common pathological types of head trauma, and may develop without an accidental event, although this is uncommon. The present study reports the case of a 41-year-old male patient that developed spontaneous AEDH due to skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The man was admitted to Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School due to drowsiness and right-sided hemiparesis. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed the presence of a large AEDH and a lytic bone lesion in the left posterior fossa and parieto-occipital region, which exhibited heterogeneous enhancement. The perioperative findings revealed a large amount of mixed-stage epidural hematoma and a soft hemorrhagic mass that exhibited lytic change on the occipital bone. No evidence of head trauma, such as skull fracture or scalp contusion, was detected. The pathological diagnosis was hematoma with metastatic HCC. The current study reports the rare case of a patient with a metastatic tumor located in the skull that resulted in the development of spontaneous AEDH. Once a sudden and unpredicted neurological deficit occurs in a patient with HCC that is also diagnosed with skull metastasis, the possibility of spontaneous AEDH developing from the metastasis should be considered.

The relationship between problem-based learning and clinical performance evaluations

To explore the relationship between problem-based learning (PBL) evaluations and clinical performance. The study included 117 third-year medical students at Chonnam National University Medical School. The students' first-, second-, and third-year PBL evaluations were compared with their clinical performance examination (CPX) scores in third year. The PBL evaluations were composed of three subscales: tutors' evaluation (students' professional behavior, contribution to group process, and contribution to group content), a report, and a written examination. The CPX assessed four performance categories: history taking, physical examination, information sharing, and patient-physician interaction. No significant correlation was found between the first-year PBL evaluations and CPX scores; however, the second-year PBL evaluations were significantly correlated with history taking (r=0.186, p=0.044) and patient-physician interaction (r=0.213, p=0.021) of CPX. The third-year PBL evaluations were significantly correlated with physical examination (r=0.248, p=0.007), and patient-physician interaction (r=0.283, p=0.002) of CPX. Several significant correlations between the PBL evaluations subscales and CPX scores were revealed. The PBL tutors' evaluation (r=0.343, p=0.000) and report scores (r=0.210, p=0.023) were significantly correlated with patient-physician interaction of CPX. The contribution to group process of tutors' evaluation was significantly correlated with patient-physician interaction (r=0.186, p=0.045), and the contribution to group content of tutors' evaluation was significantly correlated with physical examination (r=0.187, p=0.044). We found a significant association between PBL evaluations and CPX scores.

Thromboelastography evaluation for hemostatic dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock: An experience from tertiary care center in North India

The roles of the ACE inhibitor captopril on inflammatory response in septic human neutrophil and mortality in endotoxemic mice SanghyeonKwak, Taehee Pyeon, Jia Song, Euna Jang, Hyeonjeong Lee, Jeongmin Kim Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea Chonnam National University Hospital, Republic of Korea Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Republic of Korea Background/Purpose: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mediates inflammatory response in healthy lungs via angiotensin II and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Neutrophils play an important role in the development of acute lung injury associated with severe sepsis. However, the ability of ACE directly participating in LPSinduced neutrophil activation has not been fully examined. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced neutrophil activation and mortality in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. Methods: To assess possible interactions between captopril and LPS on neutrophil activation, neutrophils from human blood were incubated with various concentrations of captopril (0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 nM) and LPS (100 ng/mL). The protein levels for interleukins (ILs) 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 hours after incubation period. To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathway, we measured the levels of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) with Western blot analysis and nuclear levels of nuclear factor (NF) κB with electrophoretic mobility shift assays 0.5 hours after incubation period. We also examined the effect of captopril (30 mg/kg, IP) on mortality of mice treated with LPS (20 mg/kg, IP) to determine whether these effects of captopril also have in vivo significance. Results: Captopril attenuated LPS-induced neutrophils activation including expression of p38, JNK, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Captopril also attenuated mortality in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. Conclusions: Captopril can attenuate mortality in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice via the attenuation of neutrophil activation caused by LPS.

Valproic Acid Increases Formation of ROS and Interferes with Hearing Recovery after Noise Trauma in Guinea Pigs

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (SL, YBC, HHC ) Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (HSJ, CMK, SJ, JSP) Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (HSJ, CMK, SJ, JSP, SL, YBC, HHC) *: These authors equally contributed to this work.

A Case of Multiple Infectious Arteritis Complicated by Pseudoaneurysm Formation in a Patient with Liver Abscess

Correspondence to Kye Hun Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea Tel: +82-62-220-6978, Fax: +82-62-223-3105, E-mail: christiankyehun@hanmail.net Copyrightc 2015 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 간농양 환자에서 발생된 가성동맥류 형성을 동반한 다발성 감염성 동맥염

Comparison between Pure Tone Audiometry and Auditory Steady-State Responses in Korean Children and Adult

Received June 1, 2014 Revised August 26, 2014 Accepted September 17, 2014 Address for correspondence Chul Ho Jang, MD, PhD Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea Tel +82-62-220-6788 Fax +82-62-228-7743 E-mail chulsavio@hanmail.net Background and ObjectivesZZAssessing accurate audiometry might be an important index treating patients with hearing loss. So far there have been no studies on analysis of correlations between pure tone audiometry (PTA) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for children in Korea. We analyzed correlations between PTA and ASSR in order to investigate the usefulness of ASSR. Subjects and MethodZZPast medical records were retrieved from the patients who visited Department of Otolaryngology at Tertiary Referral Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012 and underwent the correlation study between ASSR and PTA with a correlation analysis of frequency. The participants over the age of 15 were classified into the adult group and those below in the children group. ResultsZZThere was a statistically significant correlation between the average hearing threshold of ASSR and PTA (correlation coefficient=0.934). There was a strong correlation between children and adult group, too. With the frequency range of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, the correlation coefficients were 0.875, 0.896, 0.915, and 0.900, respectively. The degree of hearing loss was classified by using PTA follows: below 25 dB as normal; between 26-55 dB as moderate hearing loss; above 56 dB as severe hearing loss. Correlation coefficients for the above hearing ranges were 0.527, 0.670, and 0.744, respectively. Strong correlation was found between children and adult group, too. ConclusionZZThe comparison results between the average hearing threshold of ASSR and PTA indicated that the threshold of ASSR could well reflect the results of both children and adult group. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2015;58(3):182-6

Diagnosis and Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome

93 Copyright c 2015 The Korean Fracture Society. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Address reprint requests to: Keun-Bae Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6336ᆞFax: 82-62-225-7794 E-mail: kbleeos@chonnam.ac.kr Financial support: None. Conflict of interest: None. 급성 구획증후군의 진단 및 치료 이근배 ⋅이승훈

Successful Treatment of Fungemia Caused byCyberlindnera fabianiiwith Anidulafungin: A Case Report

Successful Treatment of Fungemia Caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii with Anidulafungin: A Case Report Jeong In Lee, Shinae Yu, Jong Sin Park, Eun-Jeong Joo, Jong Hee Shin, Min-Jung Kwon Departments of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea