Choice For Use Research Articles

The effect of oxidation on tribology behavior of nickel-graphite coated stainless steel SS420

The main solution to the challenge of maintaining maximum sealing in the compressor section of each gas turbine is the use of abradable coatings. These coatings have a double duty, including (a) maintaining the lagging and (b) protecting the tips of the rotor blades. Choosing the type of abradable coating primarily depends on the service temperature of the coating. Nickel-graphite (Ni-G) coating is a good choice for use up to 480 °C and, or steel/sub-alloy rotor blades. In this research, the Ni-G coating was applied by the flame spraying method of Ni-G powder with a thickness of about 250 μm on an SS420 stainless steel substrate. The effect of the composition of the bonding layer was also investigated using two compositions, Ni-5Al and NiCrAlY. Obtaining the knowledge of applying Ni-G coating by flame spraying, identifying the structural and compositional characteristics of the coating (through optical and electron metallography), and the effect that oxidation can have on the tribological behavior of the coating were among the goals of this project. The best conditions for spraying the Ni-G coating were achieved an oxygen gas pressure of 6 bar, oxygen flow rate of 18 L min−1, acetylene pressure of 1.5 bar, acetylene flow rate of 24 L min−1, and the distance between the gun head and the sample surface was 22 cm. The results showed that placing the coating in oxidizing conditions increases its coefficient of friction. The increase in the coefficient of friction was attributed to the formation of oxide shells on the surface of the coating after 500 h of exposure to oxidation conditions. Corresponding to the higher coefficient of friction, the oxidized coating showed a decrease in wear resistance as a result of oxidation. This result can show the decrease in abradable of this coating with increasing service time.

Application of natural sweetener Stevia rebaudiana in the medical field

Steviol glycoside sweeteners have been isolated and produced for hundreds of years in Bertoni, a South American Asteraceae plant prized for its sweetness. Stevia is becoming more popular among consumers and food manufacturers as a result of diabetes, rising obesity rates, and other related comorbidities, as well as global public policies calling for a reduction in intake of sugar to help control these issues. Low-calorie as well as no-calorie sweeteners, such as Stevia, have this appeal because they are plant-based, have no calories, and have a sugary flavour that is 50 to 350 times sweeter than table sugar, making them an excellent as well as suitable choice for use in foods as well as beverages with lower sugar and calorie content. This plant yields steviol glycoside sweeteners, which are isolated and processed. Current studies on Stevia rebaudiana extract, metabolism, tolerable intake, and safety, steviol glycoside extraction and purification, side effects, as well as the toxicity of Stevia extract are discussed in detail.

A critical review on synthesis and application aspect of venturing the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluid for enhanced heat transfer processes

Recently, nanofluids (NFs) have gathered significant attention among researchers due to their varied properties, which can be made per the requirements. NFs, created by infusing nanoparticles into a base-fluid, enhance their fundamental properties. A hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is a nanofluid (NF) containing different types of nanoparticles, and it is being studied for its customizable properties. Recently, researchers delved into the applications regarding HNFs, particularly in cases relating to heat transfer (HT). This study analyzes HNFs’ preparation methods and thermophysical properties, giving more importance to their applications in HT, including heat-exchange, solar thermal, and cooling systems. Considering stability, the two-step synthesis method is preferred over the single-step method. Multiple research efforts have led to the development of a fluid that possesses superior HT capabilities compared to the base-fluid. However, while bettering HT, an increase in volume concentration (VC) also raised challenges such as increased viscosity and pressure drop, particularly in porous media, necessitating additional pumping power. The use of turbulators and other configurations, along with HNF in systems like parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs), enhances solar thermal systems (STSs) by improving their HT capabilities. An advantageous use of EG-based multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) NF in solar collectors (SCs) is their ability to increase thermal efficiency and decrease carbon dioxide emissions, making them an attractive choice for use in SCs. Researchers face significant challenges in determining the ideal composition and concentration of nanoparticles in HNFs to attain optimal HT without causing excessive viscosity that could impede practical usability. Specifically, this study examines the distinctive thermophysical characteristics of HNFs that substantially improve their efficacy in HT applications.

Polyaniline modified exfoliated graphene aerogel as high-performance anion-capture electrode for hybrid capacitive deionization

The synergistic effect between polyaniline (PANI) and graphene nanosheets significantly enhances the monolithic capacitance and cycling stability, making it an attractive choice for use as an anode material in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, traditional preparation processes are usually complex and time-consuming. Herein, we proposed a simplified solid-phase strategy by using air-plasma technique to fabricate 3D puffy graphene aerogel supported PANI (PANI@PG) nanocomposites within 1 s. In this material, elongated dumbbell-shaped PANI particles with diameters of 30–60 nm were firmly anchored and highly dispersed on graphene sheets, meanwhile, the exfoliated graphene sheets with a large interlayer distance of 0.4 nm were well interconnected. It was demonstrated that as prepared PANI@PG is characteristic of 2–50 nm mesopores, which both ensures a sufficient exposure of PANI active sites to electrolyte and favors the Cl− diffusion-intercalation process. The freestanding PANI@PG electrode exhibited excellent figure-of-merits of the salt adsorption capacity (43.5 mg g−1), charge efficiency (88.6 %), and cycling stability (retention of 77.1 % after 40 cycles). This work paves a new way for constructing 3D conducting polymer/graphene nanocomposites with promising applications in CDI and beyond.

ANALYZING THE PROPERTIES OF A COMPOSITE OF PCL-GRAPHITE BY THE INJECTION MOLDING

Coral reefs are vulnerable to several natural phenomena such as ocean warming, acidification, coral diseases, and plastic pollution. In order to tackle these problems, scientists are now working on the development of biocomposites utilizing biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL). Graphite can be used in conjunction with PCL to enhance its characteristics. The work is centered around conducting water absorption experiments on a composite material consisting of PCL and graphite. The investigation employs PCL granular and graphite powdered materials. The materials undergo heating, crushing, and weighing processes to ascertain weight ratios. Next, the mixture is shaped into specimens. The product's shape and distribution of chemical constituents are analyzed using water absorption, hydrophobicity, FTIR, and SEM testing. The findings indicate that the water absorption diminishes as the concentration of graphite powder increases. An alloy containing 10% graphite had the highest water absorption rate. The hydrophobicity test assesses the ability of a specimen's surface to repel water by introducing NaCl droplets and observing droplet production. The contact angle value exhibits a direct correlation with the increase in graphite content. The FTIR study indicates that there are no changes in the functional groups, resulting in a limited connection between the PCL matrix and the graphite filler. The temperature during the injection molding process affects the microstructure of the polymer. Lower temperatures lead to reduced crystallization, whereas higher temperatures result in denser molecular groupings. Graphite is a highly suitable choice for use as a filler in a PCL matrix because of its layered structure, large surface area, and excellent capacity to effectively fill voids within the matrix.

Assessment and improvement of adhesion of printed silver-based inks on alumina produced by fused filament fabrication

More efficient electronic systems need more temperature-stable substrate materials and more flexible production possibilities. Ceramics such as alumina can be used for 2D and 3D base bodies, since they provide better thermal properties than their polymeric counterparts and can be additively manufactured utilizing e.g. Fused Filament Fabrication. Proper functionalization can be achieved by applying methods of printed electronics. Here, adhesion of the functional ink to a substrate is a crucial issue and especially challenging on ceramic substrates. This contribution reached a noteworthy increase in this matter, using a modified silver-based ink with piezojet-printing, while preserving very low electrical resistance after convection sintering. Adhesion is determined by pull-off testing, based on ISO 4624. By the approach shown in this work, printed ceramics could become a more viable choice for use in functional electronic systems.

The Position of English in the Linguistic Schoolscapes in an Indonesian Islamic Boarding School

The choice of use of languages ​​in schools, including in the linguistic schoolscapes, represents the contestation of language identities, ideologies, and power. This study looks at the position of English, as opposed to Indonesian, Arabic, and Javanese, in the linguistic schoolscapes in an Indonesian Islamic boarding school in Central Java. A descriptive qualitative method and the theoretical framework of language planning and policy (Spolsky, 2004) are used to analyze the data. The findings show that Javanese and Indonesian are used in daily communication. English and Arabic are taught in the language program. In the signs at the boarding school, English is the second language to be used frequently at the linguistic school cape, after Indonesian, while Javanese, as the students' everyday language, is far behind. The implication of the linguistic school landscape finding in this research is that foreign languages ​​such as English, Arabic, and others considered necessary have the potential to become a new development in language teaching and learning.

Preparation and Characterization of Ferulic Acid Hydrogel and Its Application as a Local Drug Delivery Agent in Periodontitis.

Introduction Periodontitis, a persistent inflammatory condition, impacts the tissues supporting teeth. Beyond mechanically eradicating the biofilm, additional host-modulating agents can aid in the treatment of periodontitis. Among these, gels are a very popular choice for use in the field of dentistry as these systems boast high biocompatibility and bioadhesiveness. These qualities make them easily administered and fabricated. They aretypically placed into the periodontal site via wide-port needle syringes. Many investigations have demonstrated that hydrogels possess the ability for controlled drug release and aid in periodontal wound healing. Hence, this study aimed to develop a ferulic acid hydrogel and assess its effectiveness for managing periodontitis. Materials and methods Ferulic acid hydrogel was prepared followed by haemolysis assay and biocompatibility assay. After the in vitro analysis, a clinical trial was conducted: 20 patients were divided into Group A (comprising patients in whom scaling and root planing (SRP) was done) and Group B (comprising patients in whom SRP along with hydrogel application was done). Each patient's pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline and at three months. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons of the parameters were made. Results Ferulic acid hydrogels exhibit a minimal ratio of red blood cell destruction, indicating their low haemolytic activity. Beyond 94 hours, ferulic acid hydrogel demonstrates minimal toxicity towards human fibroblasts, suggesting it has good biocompatibility. When clinical parameters were compared after three months of treatment with SRP alone, significant reductions were observed in all parameters. However, when hydrogel application was done along with SRP, greater reduction was seen in terms of all clinical parameters indicating the efficacy of the ferulic acid hydrogel as an adjunct. Conclusion Ferulic acid has distinct haemolytic activity as well as good biocompatibility. Its use also led to a considerable reduction in all clinical parameters, necessitating its role as a local drug delivery agent in the treatment of periodontitis.

Variables Leading to Usage of Alteplase Versus Heparin Lock in Patients With Tunneled Catheters in Hemodialysis Care Project Centers, Saudi Arabia.

A hemodialysis tunneledcatheter is one option for vascular access used with hemodialysis patients; however, catheter complications such as thrombosis are still inevitable. To prevent thrombosis formation, a catheter-locking solution is instilled between dialysis sessions. Heparin is used as a default locking solution in our Hemodialysis Care Project centers, while arecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) such as alteplase is used to treat suspected catheter thrombosis. This study aimed to identify the clinical factors, catheter brands, and hemodialysis variables that influence the choice of use for alteplase versus heparin, for those patients with tunneled catheters, and reduce overprescribing of high-alert medication alteplase. A retrospective medical chart review study was conducted involving 230 patients with tunneled catheters; the first group of 133 patients used alteplase regularly three times a week, while the second group of 97 patients completed at least one year using the same catheter access with heparin lock only. Multivariate logistic regression and logistic regression analysis showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between different variables. Results suggest that overweight and hyperlipidemia patients are more likely to use alteplase. Patients using brand-name catheters such as Hemostar/Vas-cath (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ) are less likely to use heparin than those using Medcompcatheters (Medcomp, Yuma, AZ). In addition, patients having a history of angioplasty would be less likely to have heparin than no angioplasty. Moreover, if the patient's fluid removal were equal to or less than 2 kg, they would be more likely to use heparin and vice versa. The study postulates that identified variables affect whether alteplase or heparin is used in hemodialysis tunneled catheters, and may be useful to increase awareness, improve practices, or judiciously control the use of alteplase within Saudi Arabia and globally.

Structural and optical characteristics of Cr-doped TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol-gel method

In this paper, undoped and 7 %, and 20 % chromium doped titanium dioxide thin films were synthesized on silicon and quartz substrates by utilizing the sol-gel spin coating process. The films were then annealed at 450 °C. The synthesis process and the effects of doping on the structural, optical, and vibrational properties were studied. XRD analysis showed that the undoped thin film had an anatase phase with a crystalline size of about 15.4 nm. However, as the concentration of chromium increased, the crystalline size decreased, and we obtained a mixed phase of rutile and anatase for doped films. The FTIR spectra revealed that undoped films had Ti–O bonding at 435 cm−1 and bond with stretching at 619 cm−1 wavenumbers, which decreased to 379 cm−1 and 377 cm−1 wavenumbers for 7 % and 20 % Cr doping, respectively. The optical measurements showed that the films were homogeneous and had high transmission, reaching 95 % in the visible range for the undoped thin film and 80 % for higher doping levels of chromium. These films have a remarkable level of transparency, and because of that they are highly regarded in the field of thin-film solar cells. Their optical properties make them an excellent choice for use as optical windows in these types of solar cells. As the amount of chromium in the film increases, the optical bandgap decreases from 3.23 eV to 2.26 eV. This suggests that chromium has a significant impact on the optical properties of these films, which might be helpful to researchers and professionals working in the fields of solar energy, optoelectronic devices, photocatalytic systems, gas sensors, and solar cell passivation.

A DIRECT BONDING TECHNIQUE VERSUS AN INDIRECT BONDING TECHNIQUE - AN IN VIVO ANALYSIS

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the clinical performance of an indirect versus a direct bonding technique in a split mouth study design and to develop a reproducible and cost efficient technique for indirect bonding for clinical use. Methods: This comparative study was conducted on Twelve patients (212 teeth; 106 each in direct and indirect group) who reported to the Department of Dentistry at Ruxmaniben deepchand gardi medical college, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Transbond XT (3M Unitek) adhesive and primer were used to bond the brackets onto the teeth in both the direct and indirect bonding groups using split mouth study design. Transfer trays constructed using Thermal glue matrix applied through hot glue gun for indirect bonding. The clinical performance was assessed for 6 months. Results: In the 1st month was a failure of one lower 2nd premolar bracket from the indirect bonding group (p=1.00). There on in the subsequent months there were no failures for 6 months. The study showed no statistically significant differences in clinical performance in both group (p=NS). Conclusion: The failure rates for both the indirect and direct bonding techniques in this study were the same. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The indirect bonding technique used in this study was found to be an effective and efficient means of bonding orthodontic brackets. Transbond XT and thermal glue matrix found to be suitable choice for use in indirect bonding technique for clinical use.

Auxetic lattice structures consisting of an enhanced trigram frame unit cell with superior stiffness

Superior stiffness is deemed essential for structures intended for several applications. The stiffness enhancement can be achieved by adopting structures that deform based on the stretching-dominated mechanism instead of the bending-dominated mechanism. This paper proposes a novel auxetic unit cell design and two distinct lattice structures dominated by stretching when subjected to quasi-static compressive and tensile loadings. The structures are manufactured via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing method with the use of polylactic acid (PLA) filament as the patent material. The investigation also includes theoretical analyses and finite element (FE) simulations, all yielding consistent results. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is also employed to understand the influence of three geometric parameters. Besides, single-objective optimization is conducted to maximize the stiffness through geometry design, and multi-objective approaches are implemented to improve the stiffness while simultaneously reducing relative density. Finally, different unit cells, which deform based on the stretching-dominated mechanism, are selected to represent their respective classifications, enabling a comparison of their potential stiffness capacity with the designed structures in this study. Remarkably, it is highlighted that the proposed unit cells and structures outperform others in terms of specific stiffness, making them a promising choice for use in structural engineering.

Design of a Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna with a Simplified Radiator Structure for UWB Applications

The demand for wideband circularly polarized (CP) antennas in wireless communication applications has been increasing, given that it offers reliable signals with reduced interference. In particular, planar monopole antennas are a popular choice for use in CP applications due to their compact size and ease of integration. However, achieving CP characteristics often requires complex modifications, an increased antenna size, and design complexity. To address these challenges, this study proposes a simplified radiator structure modification for CP planar monopole antennas and validates the performance of the proposed antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications by conducting both frequency-domain and time-domain analyses. The size of the proposed antenna is 34 mm × 41 mm × 1.6 mm, with FR-4 as the substrate. Both the -10 dB &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt; bandwidth and 6 dB axial ratio axial ratio is 3.46–5.5 GHz, with the radiation patterns in the frequency range of interest being omni-directional. The proposed UWB CP antenna also yields decent antenna performance in time-domain analyses, such as the antenna fidelity factor and the system fidelity factor.

Biomaterial-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems for Tumor Treatment.

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is characterized by high specificity and efficiency, and has been applied to the treatment of human diseases, especially tumors involving multiple genetic modifications. However, the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 still faces some major challenges, the most urgent of which is the development of optimized delivery vectors. Biomaterials are currently the best choice for use in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vectors owing to their tunability, biocompatibility, and efficiency. As research on biomaterial vectors continues to progress, hope for the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for clinical oncology therapy builds. In this review, we first detail the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its potential applications in tumor therapy. Then, we introduce the different delivery forms and compare the physical, viral, and non-viral vectors. In addition, we analyze the characteristics of different types of biomaterial vectors. We further review recent research progress in the use of biomaterials as vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery to treat specific tumors. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings and prospects of biomaterial-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems.

Application of hybrid oxidative processes based on cavitation for the treatment of methyl blue solutions

Over the past few decades, the scientific community has developed an increasing interest in high-performance water treatment systems based on cavitational processes. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is one of the promising technologies for wastewater treatment, especially for dyeing solutions, since it shows high efficiency in treating dyes, even at low concentrations. Both strategies have been shown to be efficient ways to get rid of pathogenic bacteria by disinfecting waters and achieving the mineralization of numerous organic pollutants. This makes cavitation-based techniques an attractive choice for use in water treatment facilities' post-treatment stages. Modern techniques have been presented that combine advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with cavitation for increased oxidation capacity. When used together, cavitation and AOPs (such as O3, H2O2, and Fenton's process) can cause materials to decay much more quickly. This work aims to investigate the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) with HC and evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid process (O3 + HC). The experimental tests were conducted to determine the optimal operating conditions (pressure, pH, O3 dosage). Furthermore, the feasibility of MB mineralization at a high concentration range (10–100 mg/l) was performed. Cost estimation and energetic analysis were discussed. As a result, the optimal conditions were: P = 4.5 bar, pH 2, O3 = 7.5 mg/L. For the initial concentration of 10 mg/L, the MB decolorization yield of HC, O3, and HC + O3 were 10%, 99%, and 100%, respectively, after 30 min of treatment. The addition of O3 promoted the degradation efficiency above 95%, decreasing the treatment time. Increasing the O3 feed rate can reduce the treatment time. A flow rate of 8 L/min of ozone was adopted in the optimal flow value. The hybrid process has an important effect in improving the performance of wastewater treatment by reducing treatment time, causing saving in energy consumption and process cost.

A comprehensive packaging solution from DC to 113 GHz for InGaAs amplifiers

AbstractThis letter presents the design, fabrication and measurement of a 72 kHz to 113 GHz ultra‐broadband amplifier that includes a direct current (DC)‐blocking functionality. This amplifier module stands out with a high average gain of 12.5 dB in the frequency range from almost DC to 110 GHz. This work not only combines electrical interconnections but also mechanical design considerations, thermal requirements and practical application specific aspects. To ensure a low thermal resistance, the InGaAs amplifier IC is directly mounted on an aluminium submount, applying an advanced gluing concept, and interconnected to an input and output 50 grounded coplanar waveguide by wire bonds with a length of only 135 . To enable convenient usage of the package, 1 mm connectors are utilized. This amplifier module exhibits excellent thermal behaviour and group delay characteristics, making it an ideal choice for use in optical data transmission experiments.

Experimental Study of Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Standard Concrete by using Metakaolin as Mineral Admixture

This experimental study investigates the influence of metakaolin as a mineral admixture on the compressive strength and flexural strength of standard concrete (M-25). Metakaolin, a highly reactive pozzolanic material, was introduced as a partial replacement for cement by weight. Metakaolin is a valuable addition to many concrete mixes. It can improve the strength, durability, and resistance of concrete, making it a more versatile and sustainable material. Here are some of the key properties of metakaolin: • High pozzolanic activity: Metakaolin is a highly reactive pozzolan, which means that it reacts with calcium hydroxide to form a gel that binds the concrete particles together. This gel helps to improve the strength, durability, and resistance of concrete. • Fine particle size: The particle size of metakaolin is smaller than the particle size of cement, which means that it can fill the voids in the concrete matrix and improve the density of the concrete. • High surface area: The high surface area of metakaolin also contributes to its pozzolanic activity. The larger surface area provides more sites for the reaction between metakaolin and calcium hydroxide to take place. • Low water content: Metakaolin has a low water content, which means that it does not contribute to the water-to-cement ratio of the concrete. This helps to improve the strength and durability of the concrete. • Chemical resistance: Metakaolin is resistant to a variety of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and salts. This makes it a good choice for use in concrete that will be exposed to harsh environments. • Heat resistance: Metakaolin is also resistant to high temperatures. This makes it a good choice for use in refractory materials and other high-temperature applications. The research aimed to assess the impact of metakaolin on the mechanical properties of concrete, with a focus on its ability to enhance compressive The research aimed to assess the impact of metakaolin on the mechanical properties of concrete, with a focus on its ability to enhance compressive strength and flexural strength. The study involved the preparation of M-25 grade of concrete mixes with PPC 33 grade cement, locally available sand and aggregate with varying metakaolin proportions, ranging 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. Specimens were cast and cured under controlled laboratory conditions. Compressive strength tests were conducted on cubical specimens, and test after 7 and 28 days and flexural strength tests were conducted on beam specimens, and test after 28 days respectively. Results revealed that the inclusion of 10% and 20% of metakaolin led to improves the 28 days compressive strength and flexural strength by 3.33% and 5.34% as compared to normal concrete respectively. The increase in strength is attributed to the pozzolanic reaction between metakaolin and calcium hydroxide, resulting in improved microstructure and reduced pore size within the concrete matrix.

Boosting the Performance of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Triphenylamine-Based Organic Solar Cells via π-Linker Engineering.

The design and development of novel and efficient donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type conjugated systems has attracted substantial interest in the field of organic electronics owing to their intriguing properties. In this paper, we have designed seven new and efficient D-π-A type conjugated systems (M1-M7) by a variety of π-linkers with triphenylamine (TPA) as the electron donor and diphenyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the electron acceptor using density functional theory (DFT) formalism for organic solar cells (OSCs). The π-linker has been substituted between the donor and acceptor for efficient electron transfer. Here, our primary focus is on narrowing the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps, electronic transition, charge transfer rate, reorganization energies, and the theoretical power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Our study reveals that the designed compounds exhibit excellent charge transfer rates. The absorption properties of the compounds have been examined using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The TD-DFT study shows that compound M2 possesses the highest absorption maxima with a maximum bathochromic shift. For a better understanding of the electron transport process of our designed compounds, we have designed donor/acceptor (D/A) blends, and each of the developed blends (FREA/M1-M7) can encourage charge carrier separation. According to the photovoltaic performance of the D/A blends, compound FREA-M2, which has a theoretical PCE of 16.53%, is the most appealing choice for use in OSCs. We expect that by thoroughly examining the relationship between structure, characteristics, and performance, this work will serve as a roadmap for future research and development of TPA-DPP-based photovoltaic materials.

Research progress on the application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and machine learning in forensic microbiome individual identification.

Forensic microbiome research is a field with a wide range of applications and a number of protocols have been developed for its use in this area of research. As individuals host radically different microbiota, the human microbiome is expected to become a new biomarker for forensic identification. To achieve an effective use of this procedure an understanding of factors which can alter the human microbiome and determinations of stable and changing elements will be critical in selecting appropriate targets for investigation. The 16S rRNA gene, which is notable for its conservation and specificity, represents a potentially ideal marker for forensic microbiome identification. Gene sequencing involving 16S rRNA is currently the method of choice for use in investigating microbiomes. While the sequencing involved with microbiome determinations can generate large multi-dimensional datasets that can be difficult to analyze and interpret, machine learning methods can be useful in surmounting this analytical challenge. In this review, we describe the research methods and related sequencing technologies currently available for application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and machine learning in the field of forensic identification. In addition, we assess the potential value of 16S rRNA and machine learning in forensic microbiome science.

Electrochemiluminescent biosensor based on ECL-RET between Ru@TiO2-MXene and Pd@UiO-66-NH2 for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigens

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is often employed as a crucial tumor marker for both colon and rectal cancer. The assessment of CEA levels holds significant therapeutic importance in the diagnosis of these malignancies. In this study, an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor with a signal off was ingeniously designed with Ru@TiO2-MXene as the base material of the energy donor, and Pd@UiO-66-NH2 as the marker of the energy acceptor. This immunosensor was constructed based on the strong interaction between the two components of ECL-RET. Remarkably, TiO2-MXene exhibits favorable film-forming properties and electrical conductivity while effectively immobilizing Ru(bpy)32+. On the other hand, Pd@UiO-66-NH2 has excellent biocompatibility and light absorption, making it an ideal choice for use as a secondary antibody marker. The electrochemiluminescence immunosensor constructed exhibits an extensive detection range of 1 × 10−5 ng·ml−1 to 80 ng·ml−1 and a narrow detection limit of 2.65 fg·ml−1. The novel electrochemiluminescence immunosensor, as presented in this investigation, introduces a distinct methodology for CEA detection, carrying immense clinical significance in the field of colon and rectal cancer diagnosis.