Practical Choice Research Articles

Unveiling the drivers of green loan disclosures: a study of financial and governance determinants

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Indian banks’ choice of green loan disclosure practices. The study analyzes the effect of financial and governance variables to understand the sustainable reporting (through green lending) behavior of Indian banks. Design/methodology/approach The data on green loan disclosure has been hand-collected from the annual reports using a content analysis approach. Using the data of 26 banks for 12 years (2012–2023), the study uses the panel regression method to control for cross-sectional heterogeneity and generalized methods of the moment to address potential endogeneity issues. Findings The empirical results depict that larger banks with sufficient risk capital and a strong corporate governance framework demonstrate greater disclosure of green loans. However, growth opportunities and higher market value impedes the reporting of green lending. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study will enhance the extant literature on sustainability disclosure by integrating the financial sector companies in the context of an emerging economy. However, future research may include nonbanking finance companies as well. Social implications Banks use societal deposits to invest in productive avenues, and therefore, it is paramount to understand their social and environmental consciousness while evaluating a financing proposal. This research provides a thorough understanding of the sustainable reporting of banks through the lens of green lending. Originality/value This research provides unique evidence on the bank-specific determinants of green loan disclosure in an emerging economy context as against the extant literature which primarily focused on sustainable reporting of nonfinancial companies.

Evaluation of food pattern behaviours following nutritional education for health professionals

Abstract Background The “Work Programme - UN Decade of action on nutrition 2016-2025” highlights the importance of implementing Recommendation 19 of the Second International Conference on Nutrition of FAO and WHO related to nutrition education interventions (NEI) for health professionals (HP), in order to develop nutritional skills based on national dietary guidelines and coherent policies relating to food. The Local Health Agency integrated with Trieste University (ASUGI), since 2009, has performed 25 NEI with the formation of 910 HP. Post pandemic, the content of ASUGI’s last 5 NEI, programmed by the prevention plan of the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, was aligned with the principles of the European Farm to Fork Strategy linked to Sustainable Healthy Diets (SHD). Objectives The objectives of the training programme (TP), approved for Continuing Medical Education, was to change and evaluate food pattern behaviour (FPB) of HP (n = 200) to adhere to the SHD. TP was characterized by a systemic view on complex interconnections between nutritional and sensorial food value, sustainability of food chain systems, evolution of urban food environments, as contexts into which SHD choices can be applied. The 2 days training, spread over 14 hours with 40 participants, concluded with interactive work and experiences to applied knowledge and beginning to make informed healthy dietary choices in practice. Results 6 months after the conclusion of TP it was reported that the percentage of HP who consumed the recommended portions of fruits and vegetables had increased from 62% to 70% and from 28% to 35% respectively, while those who consumed no cured meats, red meats or legumes, changed from 24% to 35%, from 19% to 25%, from 6% to 3% respectively. Conclusions The evaluation of the TP systemic structure has shown its effectiveness in improving some healthy FPB of HP and the importance of applying a continuous improvement process of the program to better adhere to the whole SHD. Key messages • The systemic and integrated structure of nutritional education intervention programs for health professionals contributes to improving their healthy food pattern behaviour. • The relationships between complex policies of food systems and the 17 SDGs included in the training programs on nutrition education are useful for promoting adherence to healthy and sustainable diets.

A Presentation Framework to Simplify the Development of Java EE Application Thin Clients

Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is the most widely adopted platform for developing enterprise-grade applications. This paper presents the design and implementation of a web-based presentation framework for Java EE applications, aimed at simplifying the development process of thin clients. The framework introduces enhancements over existing Java EE frameworks by streamlining repetitive development tasks and integrating multiple design patterns like MVC-2, Service-to-Worker, and Intercepting Filter. A comprehensive evaluation showcases the framework's ability to improve flexibility, reusability, and maintainability, making it a practical choice for enterprise applications.

Estimating heterogeneous effects: Applications to labor economics

A growing number of applications involve settings where, in order to infer heterogeneous effects, a researcher compares various units. Examples of research designs include children moving between different neighborhoods, workers moving between firms, patients migrating from one city to another, and banks offering loans to different firms. We present a unified framework for these settings, based on a linear model with normal random coefficients and normal errors. Using the model, we discuss how to recover the mean and dispersion of effects, other features of their distribution, and to construct predictors of the effects. We provide moment conditions on the model’s parameters, and outline various estimation strategies. A main objective of the paper is to clarify some of the underlying assumptions by highlighting their economic content, and to discuss and inform some of the key practical choices.

Rosa roxburghii trattresidue: A novel feed resource for cattle indicated by the non-deleterious performance and blood metabolites.

Rosa roxburghii tratt residue (RRTR) is a regional and uncommon byproduct in Guizhou. Little information is available on whether RRTR can be used as feed for ruminants. In this study, the feasibility of using RRTR as a new feed resource for cattle was investigated by chemical composition analysis, in vitro gas production (Trial 1) and animal feeding experiments (Trial 2). In trial 1, compared to the commonly used fruit residues, RRTR had a proximate nutrient level; the in vitro gas production curve and dynamics fell within the normal range. In trial 2, 16 cattle were allocated to the control and treatment groups, with 8 replicates of 1 cattle each. Cattle in the control group were fed a basal diet without RRTR, while those in the treatment group were fed a diet containing 30% RRTR to replace 30% whole corn silage in basal diet. Feeding RRTR had little effect on the growth performance of the control and treatment cattle (P > 0.05). The feed-to-gain ratio was greater in the treatment group than in the control group throughout the trial period (P < 0.05). The plasma urea levels in the treatment group were lower (P < 0.05) than that in control group, and the levels of other plasma biochemical metabolites were not different between the two groups of cattle (P > 0.05). The in vivo rumen fermentation parameters did not differ between the control and treatment groups (P > 0.05). Our findings indicate that RRTR has a nutritional profile (crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude fiber) similar to that of commonly used fruit residues (such as apple, pineapple, and citrus residue et al.); improves plasma protein utilization efficiency; and has no negative impact on growth performance, albeit with limited effects on feed conversion; blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation parameters in cattle. Accordingly, we conclude, based on the above-mentioned result, that RRTR can serve as a novel feed alternative resource when considering the affordability and as a practical choice for low-cost diets for cattle.

Land fragmentation, adoption intensity of climate-smart agricultural practices, and economic performance of banana farmers in China

ABSTRACT Land fragmentation (LF) may influence farmers’ choices of agricultural practices to adapt to climate change in developing countries. Based on the primary data collected from 422 banana growers in China, this work first assesses the impact of LF on farmers’ adoption intensity of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) using the instrumental variables (IV) method, and explore the heterogeneous effects of adoption intensity of CSAPs and LF on farmers’ economic performance using the quantile regression (QR) method. The estimated results provide the first insight that LF is positively associated with farmers’ adoption intensity of CSAPs in agricultural production. China has a large population and less cultivated lands for each farmer household. Thus, farmers are inclined to use more CSAPs on these fragmented lands to sustain farm productivity and net profits under climatic shocks. Furthermore, we find that the adoption intensity of CSAPs significantly enhanced the economic performance of banana farms. Specifically, the higher intensity of CSAPs improved farmers’ banana income across the selected quantiles, while it increased net farm returns only for farmers with a high-level income. However, LF exerted a negative impact on farmers’ economic performance, and it is statistically significant for low-income farmers.

Enhancing food safety: Employing ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes for water, leaf, and surface disinfection

This study aimed to explore the use of ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes that emit light at 255 nm and 265 nm, to disinfect bacteria present at occurrence levels and spiked in water matrices, salads and stainless-steel surfaces. The UV-C LEDs effectively inactivated bacteria associated with food outbreaks (Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli) as well as a cocktail of bacteria isolated from packaged salads. Combining the wavelengths did not enhance disinfection. Even low UV fluences of 4 mJ/cm2 achieved a significant 6-log reduction of bacteria spiked in water at high initial concentrations of approximately 108 CFU/mL. Exposure of salad (lettuce and arugula) leaves (110 mJ/cm2) and contaminated stainless-steel surfaces (11 mJ/cm2) to three small LEDs that emitted light at 265 nm reduced the pathogenic bacteria by 3 and 2-logs, respectively. The results obtained show that this disinfection technology could be promising for the food industry to guarantee effective inactivation of bacteria associated with foodborne diseases present in water, food and surfaces. Industrial relevanceThis study demonstrated the potential of ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes, emitting at 255 nm and 265 nm, to provide an effective and sustainable disinfection solution for the food industry, ensuring the inactivation of bacteria associated with foodborne diseases on water, food, and surfaces, thereby enhancing food safety. Additionally, this technology holds potential for extending product shelf-life, further benefiting the food industry. The results highlighted the effectiveness of UV-C LEDs even at low fluences, making them a practical choice for modern disinfection needs.

Training a rural oral health workforce: Effects of rural background on dentist practice choice

AbstractPurposeThe Regional Initiatives in Dental Education (RIDE) program is an educational track of the University of Washington School of Dentistry that aims to produce leaders who practice in rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. This study assesses outcomes of the first 10 years of the RIDE program. The hypothesis tested is that rural background is the most important predictor of long‐term rural dental practice.MethodsThis descriptive study assessed existing data including graduates' location of practice, demographics, rurality of origin, parental occupation, and practice type over time. Subjects are all graduates of the RIDE program from 2012 to 2021 (N = 80), and range in age from 25 to 50 years. Statistical analyses were utilized to explore associations.ResultsWithin the study sample 78% of graduates practiced in a rural and/or underserved area, 32.5% of graduates pursued post‐graduate dental training, 40% participated in Medicaid, and 78% practiced in the Pacific Northwest at the time of analysis (March 2023). Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong association and medium to large effect sizes between both rural upbringing and training sites and established dental practice in a rural region.ConclusionsGraduates of the RIDE program practice in rural areas in greater proportion compared to the general population of practicing dentists. RIDE graduates from the study period tended to be male, and white, and practice in a health professional shortage area or rural site. The rurality of origin analysis was confounded by the substantial number of graduates from Spokane, Washington, an urban area surrounded by extensive rural territory.

A Methodology to Optimize PMSM Driven Solar Water Pumps Using a Hybrid MPPT Approach in Partially Shaded Conditions

Solar water pumps are crucial for farmers, significantly reducing energy costs and providing independence from conventional fuels. Their adoption is further incentivized by government subsidies, making them a practical choice that aligns with sustainable agricultural practices. However, the cost of the required solar panels for the chosen power makes it essential to optimize solar water pumping systems (SWPS) for economic viability. This study enhances the efficiency and reliability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)-driven SWPS in rural areas using hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control strategy. It investigates the sensorless scalar control method for PMSM-based water pumps and evaluates various MPPT algorithms, including grey wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), perturb and observe (PO), and incremental conductance (INC), along with hybrid combinations. The study, conducted using MATLAB Simulink, assesses these algorithms on convergence time, MPPT accuracy, torque ripple, and system efficiency under different partial shading conditions. Findings reveal that INC-GWO excels, providing higher accuracy, faster convergence, and reduced steady-state oscillations, thus boosting system efficiency. The V/f control strategy simplifies control mechanisms and enhances performance. Considering system non-idealities and maximum duty cycle limitations, PMSM-based SWPS achieve superior efficiency and stability, making them viable for off-grid water pumping applications.

Screening different solid supports for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and determining its efficiency for decolorization and degradation of congo red.

A global water crisis is emerging due to increasing levels of contaminated water and decreasing clean water supply on Earth. This study aims to address the removal of azo dye from wastewater to enable its reuse. Recently, utilizing microorganisms has been proven to be a practical choice for the remediation of azo dyes in wastewater. Hence, in this study, we employed a preformed biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a solid support (called substrate) to degrade azo dyes. This process offers several advantages, such as stability, substrate portability, more biofilm production in less time, and efficient utilization of enzymes for remediation. From 50 ppm of initial Congo Red concentration, 75.74% decolorization was achieved within ten h using a preformed biofilm on a coverslip. A maximum of 52.27% decolorization was achieved using biofilm during its formation after 72h of incubation. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis of Congo Red dye before and after remediation revealed a significant change in peak intensity, indicating dye degradation. Phytotoxicity studies performed by seed germination with Vigna radiata revealed that, after 5-7 days, almost 40% more seeds with longer root and shoot lengths were germinated in the presence of treated dye compared to the untreated one. This data indicated that the harmful Congo Red was successfully degraded to a non-toxic product by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown on a glass substrate.

The effectiveness of concentrated growth factor in facial nerve crush injury

AimTo evaluate the effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on regeneration of facial nerve after crush injury. Materials and MethodsFourteen rats were randomized into two groups. The control group (CG) (n = 7) received a crush injury to the right facial nerve. The CGF group (CGFG) (n = 7) received a crush injury to the right facial nerve and concentrated growth factor prepared from their own blood thereafter. Left facial nerves were used for functional comparison. Nerve function was evaluated using whisker movements and electromyography. Histologic properties were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson-trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical properties were evaluated using Neurofilament-H and Anti-Tau degeneration markers. ResultsIn the CGFG, whisker functions began to recover earlier and recovered more quickly compared with the CG. The CG showed significantly prolonged latency and reduced amplitudes in the first week compared with the CGFG (p < 0.05). Recordings of 4th-week latency and amplitudes were similar to the preoperative period in the CGFG (p > 0.05), whereas recordings of the same week were significantly worse in the CG (p < 0.05). Edema and fibrosis were also more pronounced in the CG compared with the CGFG. Neurofilament-H and Anti-Tau were at significantly high levels in the CG (p < 0.05). ConclusionConcentrated growth factor promotes recovery in facial crush injury and may prove a cost-effective, practical, and effective treatment choice in peripheral nerve injury.

Understanding residents’ choice of urban farming systems in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana: Land use policy implications

The heightened food insecurity in urban settings has rekindled the debate over the promotion of urban agriculture (UA) as a sustainable alternative food supply source across the globe. This study, therefore, examines the determinants of urban residents’ decisions to engage in UA and their choice of agriculture practices. Cross-sectional data was solicited from 430 urban dwellers through a multi-stage sampling technique. The data was analysed using descriptive as well as binary and multinomial logit regression models. The descriptive analysis shows that the cultivation of crops (34.7 %) predominates urban agricultural practices before crop-livestock integration (32.6 %) and livestock farming (32.6 %). The study identifies gender, age, religious affiliation, years of formal education, location of residence, household size, food insecurity status, availability of vacant land, extension access, and household income as significant determinants of urban households’ decision to participate in UA. The multinomial logit regression analysis revealed that urban farmers’ decision to practice only crop production is invariant between livestock-only production and integrated crop-livestock systems. When compared to the base category of the integrated crop-livestock system, the findings indicate that farmers’ educational background, food insecurity, engagement in salaried jobs, location, extension, and credit access are the main drivers of the decision to practice either crop-only or sole livestock production systems. The findings of this study have useful implications for the formulation of UA programs based on the different farming systems practiced in the study location.

Beta-Blockers of Different Generations: Features of Influence on the Disturbances of Myocardial Energy Metabolism in Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats.

Beta-blockers are first-line drugs in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, there is no consensus on the specific effects of the beta-blockers of the I-III generation on energy metabolism in CHF. The aim of this study is to conduct a study of beta-blockers of different generations on myocardial energy metabolism in experimental CHF. CHF was modeled in white outbred rats by administering doxorubicin. The study drugs were administered intragastrically-new drug Hypertril (1-(β-phenylethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide)-3.5 mg/kg, Metoprolol-15 mg/kg, Nebivolol -10 mg/kg, Carvedilol 50 mg/kg, and Bisoprolol, 10 mg/kg. In the myocardium, the main indices of energy metabolism were determined-ATP, ADP, AMP, malate, lactate, pyruvate, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) activity. Traditional second-generation beta-blockers (Metoprolol and Bisoprolol) did not affect the studied indices of energy metabolism, and third-generation beta-blockers with additional properties-Carvedilol and, especially, Nebivalol and Hypertril-improved myocardial energy metabolism. The obtained results will help to expand our understanding of the effect of beta-blockers of various generations used to treat cardiovascular diseases on energy metabolism, and are also an experimental justification for the practical choice of these drugs in the complex therapy of CHF.

Syringosubarachnoid shunting with augmented reality navigation through a keyhole laminectomy of the upper thoracic spine: illustrative case.

A syringosubarachnoid (SS) shunt combined with keyhole hemilaminectomy is a beneficial procedure that can reduce the size of the skin incision and the risk of complications. However, ingenuity is needed to confirm the position of the syrinx during surgery. The authors present a case in which they treated syringomyelia in the upper thoracic spine using augmented reality (AR) to confirm syrinx formation, bone resection, and skin incision. Microscope-based AR was an appropriate and practical choice in this case. By placing the reference array at the Mayfield clamp, it was possible to use AR from the point of skin incision. Under AR navigation, an SS shunt tube can be placed in the short syrinx. AR navigation enables pinpoint SS shunt tube insertion with minimal skin incision and bone resection. It is particularly useful for upper thoracic and small syrinx lesions. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24130.

Commensuration and Currency in Plato’s Phaedo

Abstract My aim in this paper is to show that Plato’s Phaedo makes an important contribution to the development of ideas about the commensuration in value of heterogeneous items that is needed for practical reasoning and rational choice. Because the passage I focus on, the so-called ‘right exchange’ passage at 69a-c, has not usually been read this way, I motivate the reading by showing how it resolves some puzzles local to the Phaedo concerning the stark contrast Socrates develops between the virtues of philosophers and nonphilosophers, ordinary people who do not pursue wisdom single-mindedly, applying to the latter labels like ‘strange’, ‘unreasonable’, ‘illusory’ and ‘slavish’. Socrates says that one should, and suggests that philosophers do, use wisdom as their currency whereas nonphilosophers use pleasure (and perhaps also pains, fears, etc., or bodily conditions in general) as their currency (or currencies). Although it has been generally understood that the basis for this contrast lies in how the two groups evaluate, the details have remained murky. I argue that it’s due to the properties of pleasure (or bodily conditions in general) qua measure of value, in particular pleasure’s context-dependence, that nonphilosophers’ judgements about virtue, e.g. the courage and moderation of particular acts or people, are defective in the ways Socrates says they are.

Exploring Computational Techniques in Preprocessing Neonatal Physiological Signals for Detecting Adverse Outcomes: Scoping Review.

Computational signal preprocessing is a prerequisite for developing data-driven predictive models for clinical decision support. Thus, identifying the best practices that adhere to clinical principles is critical to ensure transparency and reproducibility to drive clinical adoption. It further fosters reproducible, ethical, and reliable conduct of studies. This procedure is also crucial for setting up a software quality management system to ensure regulatory compliance in developing software as a medical device aimed at early preclinical detection of clinical deterioration. This scoping review focuses on the neonatal intensive care unit setting and summarizes the state-of-the-art computational methods used for preprocessing neonatal clinical physiological signals; these signals are used for the development of machine learning models to predict the risk of adverse outcomes. Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and ACM Digital Library) were searched using a combination of keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. A total of 3585 papers from 2013 to January 2023 were identified based on the defined search terms and inclusion criteria. After removing duplicates, 2994 (83.51%) papers were screened by title and abstract, and 81 (0.03%) were selected for full-text review. Of these, 52 (64%) were eligible for inclusion in the detailed analysis. Of the 52 articles reviewed, 24 (46%) studies focused on diagnostic models, while the remainder (n=28, 54%) focused on prognostic models. The analysis conducted in these studies involved various physiological signals, with electrocardiograms being the most prevalent. Different programming languages were used, with MATLAB and Python being notable. The monitoring and capturing of physiological data used diverse systems, impacting data quality and introducing study heterogeneity. Outcomes of interest included sepsis, apnea, bradycardia, mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with some studies analyzing combinations of adverse outcomes. We found a partial or complete lack of transparency in reporting the setting and the methods used for signal preprocessing. This includes reporting methods to handle missing data, segment size for considered analysis, and details regarding the modification of the state-of-the-art methods for physiological signal processing to align with the clinical principles for neonates. Only 7 (13%) of the 52 reviewed studies reported all the recommended preprocessing steps, which could have impacts on the downstream analysis. The review found heterogeneity in the techniques used and inconsistent reporting of parameters and procedures used for preprocessing neonatal physiological signals, which is necessary to confirm adherence to clinical and software quality management system practices, usefulness, and choice of best practices. Enhancing transparency in reporting and standardizing procedures will boost study interpretation and reproducibility and expedite clinical adoption, instilling confidence in the research findings and streamlining the translation of research outcomes into clinical practice, ultimately contributing to the advancement of neonatal care and patient outcomes.

Role of Imaging and Biomarkers in Identifying, Monitoring, and Promoting Myocardial Recovery.

Reverse remodeling, the overarching concept behind myocardial recovery, describes the process in which the maladaptive cardiac structural and functional alterations are reversed by removing the underlying etiology or by therapy. This review addresses different imaging modalities and biomarkers as possible predictors for reverse remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure. Although echocardiography remains the imaging modality of choice in daily practice, the presence and amount of fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance is a better predictor and inversely correlated with the likelihood for reverse remodeling. A decrease in NT-proBNP levels and serum soluble ST3 during follow-up is associated with better clinical and structural outcomes. The role of troponins and galectine-3 is less clear. There is a promising role for microRNAs in the future, although more research is necessary. Accurate predictors of reverse remodeling could help identify patients with an increased likelihood for reverse remodeling and, in turn, improve patient-tailored medicine.

The Individual Spaces of Interpretation for the Collective Social Construction of the Jewish Sabbath in Israel

AbstractThis study focuses on the tension between the national, public, and social restrictions that apply to the Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath) in Israel and the way that Jews from a variety of religious streams understand Shabbat as leisure time that allows for a subjective choice of practices and self-realization. Jewish law provides clear rules and instructions for behavior on Shabbat, including a prohibition on different types of melacha (different kinds of creative activity), with the goal of “remembering” and “keeping” the Sabbath. While in Israel there are many Jews who do not follow these laws, they also make Shabbat special in other ways. Since Israel is a Jewish state, there is no clear separation between religion and state; today there are laws, regulations, expectations, and customs relating to Shabbat in the public sphere. To understand the diversity of views of Israelis about Shabbat, qualitative interviews were conducted with 66 secular, religious, formerly religious, traditional, and Ultra-Orthodox Jews, aged 25–50. Analysis of the survey data shows that Israeli Jews have a variety of perspectives regarding Shabbat, and do not describe Shabbat being structured and experienced as collective, homogeneous, and restrictive. Among the interviewees, religious and secular alike, Shabbat is described as a time full of variable subjective content, based on free choice and free from other obligations. On the one hand, even the religious and Ultra-Orthodox prioritize the individual and their family, sometimes more than religious faith or halachic obligation. On the other hand, even for those who do not keep the Shabbat halachically, resting on Shabbat forms an organizing principle for the weekend, lending this time its unique quality.

Advice to future family physicians: findings from qualitative interviews with family medicine residents and early-career family physicians

BackgroundCanadians continue to report challenges accessing primary care. Practice choices made by primary care providers shape services available to Canadians. Although there is literature observing family medicine practice trends, there is less clarity on the reasoning underlying primary care providers’ practice intentions. Advice offered by residents and early-career family physicians may reveal challenges they have experienced, how they have adapted to them, and strategies for new residents. In this paper, we examine advice family medicine residents and early-career family physicians would give to new family medicine residents.MethodsSixty early-career family physicians and thirty residents were interviewed as part of a mixed-methods study of practice patterns of family medicine providers in Canada. During qualitative interviews, participants were asked, “what advice would you give [a new family medicine resident] about planning their career as a family physician?” We inductively analyzed responses to this question.ResultsAdvice consisted of understanding the current climate of family medicine (need for specialization, business management burden, physician burnout) and revealed reasons behind said challenges (lack of support for comprehensive clinic care, practical limitations of different practice models, and how payment models influence work-life balance). Subtheme analyses showed early-career family physicians being more vocal on understanding practical aspects of the field including practice logistics and achieving job security.ConclusionMost advice mirrored current changes and challenges as well as revealing strategies on how primary care providers are handling the realities of practicing family medicine. Multi-modal systemic interventions may be needed to support family physicians throughout the changing reality of family medicine and ensure family medicine is an appealing specialty.

NOx Abatement by a TiO2-Based Coating under Real-Life Conditions and Laboratory-Scale Durability Assessment

In urban environments, various pollutants generated by road traffic, human, and industrial activities degrade outdoor and indoor air quality. Among these pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are subject to air quality regulations designed to protect human health and the environment. It is therefore crucial to keep their concentration as low as possible. Advanced oxidation processes are a practical choice for the degradation of NOx; among them, heterogeneous photocatalysis has proven to be a viable route. However, while the efficiency of this process has been widely demonstrated on a laboratory scale, it is still the subject of debate for real-life applications. The purpose of this study was to present a new field experiment on the application of a photocatalytic coating to outdoor walls. Air quality monitoring stations were used to evaluate the NOx concentration reduction instead of the chemiluminescent analyzer, in order to increase the number of sampling points. Statistical analysis was carried out to interpret the results. Density probability functions were plotted and showed a positive impact of the coating, leading to lower NOx concentrations. This work was completed by a laboratory-scale assessment of the coating’s durability using abrasion, QUV, and immersion/drying tests. The air depollution capacity of the chosen coating was significantly reduced after QUV testing.