Choice Of Performance Indicators Research Articles

Аналіз результативності процесів системи управління якістю від вимог зацікавлених сторін до виявлення корінних причин невідповідностей

This paper notes that the success of a quality management system depends on how effective and efficient the processes carried out under the control of this system will be. In accordance with the requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 standard, one of the main principles of the functioning of a quality management system is the application of a process approach. To date, the process approach is the most progressive; therefore, it is widely used in various fields of activity. It allows you to determine the cause and effect relationships of the occurrence of problems, as well as determine where and when the problem arose and what is the root cause of its occurrence. The choice of performance indicators and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the processes of the quality management system is the most important step in conducting this work since the results obtained should provide the top management of the enterprise with the most adequate data on the state of functioning of the controlled processes and outline possible ways to improve both the system itself and quality. values created because of each given process. A methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of processes is considered, starting with the definition of the context (business environment) in which the controlled process should be carried out. Having established the external and internal context that can affect the particular process being controlled, it is necessary to identify a set of stakeholder needs from which the risk and opportunity components for performing each process under consideration can be derived. To analyze risks and opportunities, it is proposed to apply a methodology for analyzing the types and consequences of potential defects, known as the FMEA method. Controlled indicators of the process and criteria for their effectiveness are selected based on the most rated needs of stakeholders. In the case when certain indicators of the effectiveness of the process do not satisfy the top management of the enterprise, a search is made for the reasons for the low level of the indicators of effectiveness. The goal is to determine the root cause of the nonconformity to organize work to eliminate it. The analysis is proposed to be carried out using Excel tables. An example of determining the root cause of the inconsistency of the “Aircraft Engine Design” process is given.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА КИТАЯ

In modern conditions, SMEs especially need the support of the Chinese government. The purpose of this work is to study three key areas of state support for SMEs in China – the monetary policy of the Central Bank of China, tax policy and sectoral policy. SMEs are the drivers of China’s economic growth. The impact on GDP is a crucial factor for the decision to support SMEs by Chinese government authorities. The creation of preferential conditions for SMEs in the post-crisis period creates conditions for improving China’s macroeconomic indicators. Despite the high costs of implementing incentive measures, these investments make it possible to keep SMEs in the market that are facing a crisis situation both due to disruptions in supply chains and due to a decrease in demand for products. The Chinese economy is focused on exports, including high-tech products. That is why special attention is paid to SMEs operating in the innovative sector of the economy. In addition, measures to support SMEs with low profitability were also considered. By applying the historical approach, the analysis of the trajectory of entrepreneurship development in China in the period 1978–2022 was carried out. The distinctive features of Chinese SMEs in comparison with Russian enterprises are highlighted. The classification of SMEs according to the main criteria established at the legislative level in the sectoral context is given. The choice of performance indicators depends on the scale and time interval of the analysis. It is particularly difficult to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken, which have an impact on various spheres in different time periods. The assessment of SMEs’ perception of the current market situation was based on the China SME Confidence Index (China SME Confidence Index) from 2019 to May 2022. Most of the measures considered relate specifically to this period. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, the types of SMEs in China in which there is the least confidence in the sustainable conduct of activities are identified.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The article discusses various approaches to the definition of the concept of “efficiency of railwaytransport” and the choice of performance indicators. National differences in the evaluation of the efficiencyof European railways are presented. The directions of strategic management of innovative activity in railwaytransport are justified.

Does the measured performance of bus operators depend on the index chosen to assess reliability in contracts? An analysis of bus headway variability

The choice of performance indicators in bus contracts is a complex problem for public transport regulators and financial incentives to provide a reliable service have been designed by several agencies. We study the issue of bus headway variability, focusing on headway variability at bus dispatching, which is a very relevant issue that has not been properly analysed in existing studies, despite the considerable influence of irregular dispatching on bus bunching. We identify the variables that are statistically significant in explaining bus headway variability at the beginning of routes, using large GPS and smartcard databases of all bus routes in Santiago, Chile. Three measures of headway variability are used: standard deviation, modified index per observation and an ad-hoc measure included in the Santiago bus contracts, called ‘minutes of incidence’. Significant variables to explain headway variability are bus frequency, number of bus services per terminal, distance from the bus depot to the first stop, route length, bus demand and operating speed. The measured performance of each bus operator is different depending on the headway variability indicator used, which points to the relevance of choosing an appropriate index of service reliability as a financial incentive in contracts. Implications for service planning are discussed.

METHODICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS IN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FORMATION AND USE

The article summarizes the methods of analyzing the effectiveness of fixed assets in terms of the content of the stages of their implementation and the choice of performance indicators. It is noted that the approach to assessing economic efficiency should be based on the essential characteristics of fixed assets as an element of the enterprise's capital. Formulas are proposed for assessing the effectiveness of fixed assets at the stage of their formation and production use. On the basis of information published by one of the leading enterprises in the chemical industry, a factor analysis of the criterion indicator was carried out. According to the results of the analysis, the most significant impact on reducing the efficiency of using the fixed assets of the enterprise led to a decrease in the average hourly productivity of the active part and a decrease in product profitability.Key words: efficiency, fixed assets, profitability index, profitability, analysis, formation, use, criterion indicator.

РАЗГРАНИЧЕНИЕ АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ И ОЦЕНОЧНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ В АНТИКРИЗИСНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ

The article makes a distinction between analytical and estimated indicators, reveals the possibility of transforming analytical indicators into estimated (target) under certain situational conditions.
 Evaluation indicators are considered in the projections of express evaluation, prolonged evaluation and leading evaluation as components of four evaluation blocks - prospects: “Economic efficiency and effectiveness of the enterprise’s operations (production and commercial)”, “Financial condition of the enterprise”, “Enterprise competitiveness”, “Development enterprises ”.
 The features of the influence of industry specifics and the strategic situation on the choice of performance indicators at engineering enterprises are disclosed.
 The narrowness of considering crisis management measures only as protective measures is shown.
 The inflexibility and inconsistency in the development and use of the system of performance indicators at engineering enterprises of the Ivanovo region are illustrated.

ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ АКТИВОВ ПИЩЕВОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ

На примере подразделения итальянской компании по производству пищевых продуктов выполнен анализ значимости её активов по отношению к рыночной стоимости подразделения и формировании экономической безопасности. Для оценивания уровня экономической безопасности предприятия предлагается использовать показатели, принадлежащего ему интеллектуального, финансового и материального капитала. Рекомендованы количественные показатели весомости каждого вида капитала. Для повышения экономической безопасности предприятий необходимо оценивать её уровень с использованием определённой номенклатуры показателей. «Экономическая безопасность предприятия» (ЭБП) – это состояние наиболее эффективного использования его финансовых, интеллектуальных и материальных ресурсов для предотвращения внут-ренних и внешних угроз предприятию, а так же обеспечения высокого потенциала его развития в будущем. Методы оценивания уровня ЭБП можно разделить на две группы: уровень безопасности определяет-ся расчётом её интегрального показателя, уровень безопасности определяется расчётом каждой из составляющих ЭБП. Основной проблемой возможности использования качественных методов оценивания является выбор оценочных показателей и обоснование их весомости применительно к предприятиям различной отраслевой принадлежности. Например, для оценивания уровня ЭБП в угольной промышленности Украины использовались четыре показателя безопасности: ресурсный, социальный, финансовый, технико-технологический. Влияние показателей в виде весовых коэффициентов, максимальный весовой коэффициент для каждой группы показателей принят одинаковым – 0,25 ед.В устойчивой и экономической безопасности хозяйственной деятельности предприятия и особенно его развития на перспективу важнейшую роль играют его интеллектуальные ресурсы: патенты, научно-техническое и производственное ноу-хау, известный торговый знак, бренд и гудвилл предприятия. Эти составляющие являются интеллектуальной промышленной собственностью современного предприятия и отражены на его балансе в виде нематериального актива. Однако, при оценивании уровня ЭБП.. Однако, в инновационной экономике указанный показатель является основным для современной фирмы или компании. Поэтому для объективного качественного и количественного оценивания уровня ЭБП и устойчивости работы предприятия в конкурентной среде необходимо учитывать все виды его активов в виде материальных и нематериальных активов.

Monitoring performance indicators in the Portuguese hospitality sector

PurposeThis article aims to analyze performance evaluation in the Portuguese hospitality sector. It assesses the frequency with which performance indicators are monitored, the relevance assigned to them and how the two are related. It further evaluates whether performance evaluation practices in the Portuguese hospitality sector are based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) philosophy.Design/methodology/approachThe study builds upon a doctoral research addressing the hospitality sector in Portugal. Theoretically, it resorts to a literature review on performance indicators and the Portuguese hospitality sector. Empirically, it looks at a sample of four- and five-star hotels operating in Portugal in 2012. A questionnaire addressing the four perspectives of BSC was applied, and a descriptive analysis was developed.FindingsPerformance indicators cover the four perspectives of BSC in a balanced way, which confirms its relevance as a strategic management tool. However, there is no coincidence between the performance indicators most frequently monitored and those considered to be most relevant.Practical implicationsThe study reviews/identifies performance indicators suitable for the hospitality sector and highlights ways to improve their use in the Portuguese hospitality sector.Social implicationsRedirecting the use of performance indicators to long-term objectives will benefit the financial results of the hospitality industry, with positive impacts on employment. This is particularly relevant as the hospitality industry is an activity strongly characterized by seasonality.Originality/valueThis is a descriptive study related to the use of indicators in the Portuguese hotel sector, to this date inexistent/innovative. It highlights the need for changes in the choice of performance indicators in the Portuguese hospitality sector and offers suggestions for future performance evaluation frameworks.

To what extent do quality procedures determine the performance of French SMEs?

PurposeAlthough a considerable bulk of literature has focused on the relationship between the implementation of quality assurance certification and the corporate performance of companies, still few are the works devoted to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to provide additional evidence for the impact of implementing quality assurance and control certificates on the performance of French SMEs.Design/methodology/approachWith a view to determining the effect of certification on the performance of 1,164 French SMEs, the study used the matching method as developed by D.B. Rubin (1974). The data mobilized is the fruit of matching the results of the IOC survey (the Organizational Change and Informatization) conducted in 2006 with data pertaining to the performance of companies as derived from DIANE files (Disk for Economic Analysis).FindingsThe empirical contribution of this study indicates the need of SMEs for implementing quality certificates to improve their turnover, increase their added value, increase their labor productivity and boost the productivity of financial capital.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has three main limitations. The first has to do with the choice of performance indicators. The paper is manly limited to the economic side of corporate performance. The second limitation is related to the origin of the data that covers only the year 2006. The study suffers from the time interval limit in which the relation between the implementation of the organizational innovations and the performance is tested. The third limitation concerns the generalization of results. The study was conducted on French SMEs, which limits the generalization of the results obtained.Practical implicationsResearch findings have many implications on researchers and SME executives. For this latter, quality assurance system is perceived as a tool to maintain a competitive edge over competitors.Originality/valueThe paper aims to assess the impact of implementing quality certificates on the performance of French SMEs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationship between the implementation of a quality assurance certificate and the performance of a large sample of 1,164 French SMEs.

Pengukuran Kinerja Sistem Informasi pada Universitas Serambi Mekkah Menggunakan Metode IT Balanced Scorecard

The development of information technology is very rapid impact on people's lives, both individuals and organizations that the task of monitoring the performance of information technology / information system becomes important. Sistem Informasi Akademik (SIAKAD) Universitas Serambi Mekkah (USM) is used to accommodate the needs of the academic administration. However, along with the importance of the role of SIAKAD, performance system measurement has not been done. This study was conducted to obtain performance information ofn systems that contribute to the effectiveness of academic administrative services through measurements using methods of IT Balanced Scorecard (IT BSC), this method is a framework that is balanced provide performance information of systems in four perspectives : the contribution of organizations, user orientation, improving operations and future orientation where the necessary conditions to carry out the development and continuous improvement. Framework IT BSC can define the realization of the strategy of the organization, its implementation is based on the choice of performance indicators derived from the strategic plan of the institution, therefore this research oriented system performance for the effectiveness of academic services in accordance with the strategic objectives of the institution. This study mainly emphasizes the use of IT BSC perspective in performance measurement. The measurement results are shown on the performance level of academic information system based on of the is the perspective of the organization's contribution amounts to 15,74%, user satisfaction amounting to 16,60%, operational improvement amounted to 16,69% and the future orientation amounts to 7,50%. The final result of the calculation of the IT BSC amounted to 56.52%.

SUPPORTING THE DESIGN OF A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS

<p>The development process for a Performance Measurement System (PMS) can be split into four phases: (1) design; (2) planning and construction; (3) implementation, and; (4) operation and updating. The design phase focuses on the choice of performance indicators and is crucial to the success both of the PMS and the organization. This paper deals with the design phase for a PMS based on the Performance Prism using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for modeling and ranking of the performance indicators. The application of the ANP as support for the PMS design was executed in the higher education sector with a view to the management of an undergraduate course in Production Engineering. The model and its results assured the representation of the various stakeholders´ objectives – in a significant and balanced manner – through 58 performance indicators distributed in four clusters: satisfaction, processes, capabilities and contribution.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v2i1.72</p>

Academic library benchmarking in The Netherlands: a comparative study

PurposeThis paper aims to describe some of the unique features of the Dutch academic library benchmarking system.Design/methodology/approachThe Dutch system is compared with similar projects in the USA, the UK and Germany.FindingsOne of the most distinguishing features of the Dutch system is the method by which the results are analysed and presented. Absolute values of performance indicators are converted to median relative scores and, as a result, a graph can be created for each library that shows at a glance its relative position for a whole range of indicators.Practical implicationsSimilar benchmarking projects may benefit from the Dutch experience regarding the selection of raw data, the choice of performance indicators, the validity of the performance indicators, methods for analysis and presentation, and interpretation of the results.Originality/valueThe paper provides detailed and critical information on a long‐running project. It questions the validity of some established performance indicators.

The Program Assessment Rating Tool and the Government Performance and Results Act

This article looks at the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) and how they assess seven programs. It establishes that the PART does not adequately consider different program types and has characteristics that create a disconnection between this tool and the GPRA: It does not enter into dialogue with the GPRA regarding the choice of performance indicators; it evaluates programs through criteria that conflict with the programs' statutes or intent and penalizes programs for the degree of explicitness in their authorizing statutes; it uses standardized measures that sometimes overlook the intent of statutes or the discretionary nature of implementation; it employs a different level of analysis from the GPRA; it places a contradictory emphasis on the relationship between programs with similar goals; and it emphasizes different external factors influencing program performance. The article concludes with recommendations on how to improve the PART.

The influence of health care organisations on health system performance.

The governments of many countries are undertaking initiatives to assess the extent to which health care organisations fulfil important objectives of health care, such as health improvement, fair access and efficiency. However, the extent to which these health care organisations can influence these objectives is unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential influence of English National Health Service territorial health authorities on 14 indicators of system performance. The study uses performance data relating to approximately 5000 small geographical areas with average populations of 10,000. Multi-level statistical models are used to attribute variation in the indicators to three hierarchical levels--small areas, district health authorities and regional health authorities--after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Variations in indicators attributable to district or regional level give an indication of the extent to which health authorities may influence performance. After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, the proportion of variation in performance attributable to district health authorities varies from about 8% (for standardised mortality ratios) to about 76% (for waiting time for elective surgery). Variation at the regional level is smaller than at the district level. There appear to be very large variations between indicators in the extent to which health care organisations can influence health system performance. Choice of performance indicators and the managerial incentive regime based on the indicators should recognise this variability, as it is highly dysfunctional to hold managers accountable for measures of performance that are beyond their control.

A framework for quantitative comparison of production control concepts

SUMMARY The intention of this paper is to develop a framework in order to compare various concepts in production control. It encompasses specific versions of the concepts of Statistical Inventory Control, Manufacturing Resource Planning with safety stocks, Manufacturing Resource Planning with overplanning, Just-In-Time and Optimized Production Technology. This framework will hopefully serve to simplify answers to the important question: ‘Which concept fits which production situation? ’ The development of this framework starts with an abstract description of the production situation in terms of a number of characteristics. Next a suitable choice of performance indicators is specified. The selected characteristics are converted into measurable representative variables. Some conjectures about dominance regions for control concepts are indicated. These conjectures are to be verified by simulation experiments in the near future.