Choice Of Information System Research Articles

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПАНИИ

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects for the introduction of information systems in the activities of a travel company. The theoretical state and foundations in the field of modern information systems for the purposes of enterprise management are specified, the types of such systems are identified, and their description is given. The characteristic features and manifestations of digitalization of travel companies at the present stage are described, which mainly reflects the specific features and needs of a travel company in the choice of information systems. A comparison is made of the existing types of information systems for managing a travel company, taking into account their characteristic advantages and disadvantages. It is concluded that the prospects for the introduction of enterprise management information systems in the travel business are associated with the achievement of such global typical effects as: cost optimization, reduction in the speed of operations, elimination of the negative impact of the human factor, release of human potential, formation of a database with structured / unstructured information, competitiveness growth due to additional opportunities that arise due to modern technologies, support for managerial decision-making, ensuring management transparency, increasing information security, etc.

Strategy of introduction of information system in trade and logistics company

In the modern world, technologies and market requirements are constantly changing, and the introduction of modern information systems is necessary for the successful functioning of companies in the field of trade and logistics. These systems automate processes, simplify management and increase efficiency. The advantages of implementing information systems are discussed in this article, as well as the problems that companies may face in this process. The inconsistency of the company’s hardware architecture and network with the requirements, as well as the lack of resources, including qualified personnel and finances, are the main problems. Incorrect choice of information system or resistance from employees can also cause problems. Taking into account all these factors and overcoming them is important for the successful implementation of information systems in the field of trade and logistics in order to get all the benefits from the new system.

Параметры креативности у взрослых активных web-пользователей

The aim of the article is to analyze empirical data that test the hypothesis of greater creativity of active Internet users compared to adult fans of traditional reading. Methods. The study was conducted on a statistically large and homogeneous sample by age, level of education and professional activity (the sphere of mental work). The differentiation of respondents into groups for comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of two criteria: 1) the choice of information system in free time (book or Internet); 2) the time allocated to work with the specified system. The criteria were determined through anonymous and voluntary questionnaires. The parameters of creativity were measured for different types of creativity: verbal (Mednik’s test in the adaptation of A. A. Voronin) and figurative (Sievert’s test).The research presents the results of the comparative analysis conducted in two contrasting groups that select different information systems: subjects of reading and active web users. Statistically significant advantages of reading subjects in the expression of most of the measured parameters of both verbal (uniqueness and number of responses) and figurative (uniqueness and number of associations from remote areas) creativity were established. Conclusions. It is empirically proved that there are significantly more creative people among fans of traditional printed books. This demonstrates that the technical capabilities of the Internet (the richness of content, the possibility of free choice of content and participation in its creation, etc.) do not automatically provide conditions for the display of creative abilities of users. An explanation is offered for the lower creativity of adult active web users through the specifics of the media image as the main unit of encoding information in digital media (the iconic nature of information and the suggestiveness of impact).

Identification of the decision-making model for selecting an information system

Abstract The right choice of information system for a company plays a vital role, therefore research to make it easier to choose the right IT system is very important. In the paper, we present research on the identification of a decision model supporting the decision on choosing the right IT system for the company. The study case is based on a literature example, which takes into account five basic criteria that influence the choice of an IT system by an entrepreneur. Then, using the COMET Object Characteristics Method, a model based on 243 characteristic objects is identified. In the following, the values from the decision matrix and the results are compared with each other. An additional model can be used to assess the sensitivity of the received solution. Finally, the most important conclusions and recommendations for further work were formulated.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Choice of Information Systems by Economic Subjects of Russian Federation

The paper shows the relevance of studying the factors taken into account when choosing automation tools and information systems by enterprises of different activities in different regions of Russia. The growing pace of technological change requires a balanced development of information technology in different regions in order to maintain the flexibility of the entire system and ensure the economic security of the country. The choice of information systems in the public and private sectors of the economy is different. The presence of significant geographical disproportions in the distribution of costs for information technology in the regions of Russia is revealed. Classification of the factors influencing the decision-making on the choice of information systems is carried out. The necessary conditions for the creation and successful development of information technology centers have been identified; those conditions include the availability of free resources for electricity generation, a developed research and educational center and the human resources potential of the territory in the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). Partially identified imbalances are associated with the multistructural nature of the Russian economy and with territorial expanse; they are objective in nature and are subject to adjustment. The expediency of creation of interregional system involving cooperation ties with the purpose to develop information technology centers in different regions of Russia is shown.

Choice of information system for Russian companies

The relevance of work is caused by the importance of an integrated approach to automating the business processes of organizations. Understanding the relevance of the problem came to Russia with some delay, in comparison with the West. Recently the interest in information technologies, which are inseparably linked with a concept of an information system of the corporate level and capable to provide effective management of the entity, has grown. Also the modern models of information technologies allow one to put into practice methods of the game theory by means of which it is possible to count and predict important results and on its basis to make the right management decision. The purpose of this work was to choose an optimal information system and to research efficiency of its application for the pharmaceutical company Pharmstandard. Mathematical and marketing methods were used during the research. The choice of a certain corporate information system and calculation of efficiency of its usage and a payback period are the result of the work. Results of the conducted research can be used by the specialists of various industrial enterprises for development of the competitive activities in the sphere of strategic planning.

Licensing Intellectual Property with Self-Reported Outcomes

This study examines the effect of a firm’s information system on the use of intellectual property. We analyze the licensing of intellectual property in exchange for royalties that depend on the self-report of a licensee. Self-reporting gives rise to demand for auditing by the licensor or third-party attestation by the licensee. We characterize the optimal royalty contract, information system choice by the licensee, and audit strategy choice by the licensor. We find that the ability to use intellectual property in the most efficient way depends on the costs of the information system, the auditing process, and the attestation process. We find that variable royalty arrangements that depend on either audited self-reports or third-party attestation become more attractive as information system costs decrease and as the benefits from outsourcing the use of intellectual property increase. We also examine how the variability of payoffs to effort affects the optimal way the owner of the intellectual property uses it.

Improving IS Student Enrollments: Understanding the Effects of IT Sophistication in Introductory IS Courses

The Information Systems (IS) discipline is facing a sharp downturn in student enrollments. De-spite the steady decline in students pursuing the IS major, the demand for information technology (IT) professionals continues to increase. These trends indicate that there might be a shortage of qualified IT employees in the near future. In order to overcome this dilemma, academicians have recently begun to look for mechanisms targeted at improving IS enrollments. This study investi-gates how such a mechanism – IT sophistication – influences students’ aspirations to pursue an IS degree. More specifically, the study suggests that IT sophistication, self-efficacy, outcome expec-tations, and interests are expected to independently and cumulatively affect students’ choice of IS as their major. The data utilized to investigate this issue was collected from students enrolled in introductory IS courses at two large public universities. A total of 151 usable responses were ob-tained. The results indicate that the degree to which students perceive the IT to be sophisticated affects their aspiration to major in IS. Specifically, utilizing state-of-the art technologies that re-flect current industry practices not only enhances students’ confidence in their ability to success-fully perform as an IS major, but also elevates students’ expectations that valued rewards will be received by majoring in IS. In turn, strong self-efficacy and outcome expectations foster student interest in the IS discipline. Moreover, it was found that IT sophistication does not directly affect student interest. Rather, the effects of IT sophistication on interests are channeled indirectly through self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Similarly, our results did not provide support for the direct effects of self-efficacy and outcome expectations on choice goals. In contrast, choice goals develop through strong interests, and finally, interest serves as the primary mechanism through which goals to choose the IS major emerge. Our findings suggest that deploying sophisticated IT in introductory IS classes can be used as a powerful lever to attract additional students the IS discipline. We encourage those who teach in-troductory IS courses to focus on state-of-the-art technologies that reflect cur-rent industry practices. Utilizing these technologies also has the potential to increase student success in the class-room, provide a richer and more engag-ing learning environment for students, and help students become more attrac-tive to recruiters. Despite the knowledge gained herein, the study has certain limitations. The

Information and the Cost of Capital: An Ex-Ante Perspective

The relationship between the informational environment and the cost of equity capital has received considerable interest in finance and accounting research as well as in financial reporting regulation. Recent papers have demonstrated that increased public disclosure may decrease firms' cost of capital, at least if the additional information pertains to systematic risk. The discussion has focused on the impact of information on the cost of capital subsequent to the release of the information (the ex-post cost of capital). We show that the reduction in the ex-post cost of capital is offset by an equal increase in the cost of capital for the period leading up to the release of the information (the preposterior cost of capital). Thus, within the class of models framing the recent discussion, there is no impact on the ex-ante cost of capital covering the full time span of the firm. The extent to which information is made publicly or privately available affects the timing of the resolution of uncertainty and when the information is reflected in equilibrium prices, but there is no impact on initial equilibrium prices.In efficient economies with only public information, there is no impact of the information system choice on the investors' ex-ante expected utilities either. In the partially revealing rational expectations equilibrium of an economy with private investor information, however, the rational investors may actually benefit from a higher ex-post cost of capital (at the expense of the liquidity traders).

Combating the Decline in Information Systems Majors: The Role of Instrumental Assistance

The sharp decline in the number of students pursuing information systems (IS) degrees is a source of great concern not only for academic institutions offering IS degrees, but also for companies in need of hiring qualified professionals. In response, university educators are searching for mechanisms to generate larger pools of IS graduates. This study focuses on one such mechanism, instrumental assistance, to promote student choice of IS as a primary field of study. Using Social Cognitive Career Theory as a guiding framework, instrumental assistance is found to boost student confidence (i.e., self-efficacy) and expectations of valued rewards (i.e., outcome expectations). In turn, self-efficacy and outcome expectations elevate student interest, which ultimately influences students' aspirations to choose IS as a major. The study provides important insights into how a particular intervention strategy can be implemented to attract more students to the IS field.

Implementation of an object oriented data model in an information system for water catchment management: Java JDO and Db4o Object Database

Object-oriented technologies are playing increasingly important roles in every level of software application for water resource management and modelling, except for data management levels where the relational logic is still the uncontested choice of information system developers despite the object–relational impedance mismatch. In this paper, we would like to present our experience concerning two different technologies for developing the object-oriented data management layer in information systems for water resources management: (i) the Java solution to obtain transparent persistence, the Java Data Object (JDO) technology; (ii) a purer object solution with a light open source Object Database, Db4o. The process for implementing the two technologies in a Java-based hydro-information system is described, and the two different solutions were analysed and compared.

An Empirical Study of the Measurement and Instrument Validation of Perceived Strategy Value of Information Systems

A number of frameworks have been proposed to study the competitive use of information systems. While these frameworks help in the choice of information systems to provide strategic use, the approval and funding of these systems depends solely on the business justification and strategic value of these applications as perceived by top management. The perception of strategic value of information systems (PSVIS) by top management is conceptualized as ii) an operational support type, ii) a managerial productivity enhancement type, and iii) a strategic decision aid type. An instrument was developed and validated to measure PSVIS. The instrument was associated with good reliability, convergent and discriminant validity values. The PSVIS constructs were also shown to be unidimensional using the limited factor analysis approach.

A Stakeholder's Communication Approach for Balancing Hospital Information Systems Investment Priorities

The Stakeholders Communication Approach is aimed at supporting the decision process in the choice of information systems (IS) applications at the start of a hospital IS planning cycle. It promotes discussion among senior management, key stakeholders, IS Department management, end users and the Accounting Department using specific tools and a negotiation process. The IS applications portfolio profile allows visualizing the hospital's strategic position and directions for development of IS. End users' responses to a questionnaire give a measure of "user functional value added" (UFVA) to inform management about the effectiveness and usefulness of the systems implemented. Stakeholders' evaluation of recently completed IS applications uses UFVA and cost, both separately and combined, along with assessment of strategic changes, to edify the priority-balancing process for deciding on investments in further IS applications.

Discussion of Information Rents and Preferences among Information Systems in a Model of Resource Allocation

This discussion of the Antle and Fellingham paper (henceforth AF), Rents and Preferences among Information Systems in a Model of Resource Allocation, combines a description of the points raised during the conference discussion with my own elaboration and extension of those and other issues. The authors motivate their paper as an exploration of the consequences of introducing a public information system in the context of private information and resource allocation. They conclude that any change in a firm's cost system can have significant distributional consequences, and these consequences will lead to resistance by some employees, reducing the rate of adoption of new systems. More specifically, the paper focuses on how the firm's information system choice will affect the magnitude of both the firm's total surplus and the division of that surplus between the =olvvner and the manager. The analysis uses a model in which the manager privately observes the firm's actual production cost prior to the production decision. The manager is then free to quit the firm after observing the cost (limited liability). The manager's option to quit means that in order to retain him, the owner must allow the manager to have informational rent. The manager obtains this rent by overstating the actual total production cost and consuming

Information cost as a determinant of system architecture

Information is characterized as an ordinary economic commodity, and an information system as an information factory. Production of information is suggested as the subject of the field of information systems, and cost of producing information as the first step in an economic analysis. A cost function for information is derived from basic assumptions about information, and it is shown to have the same basic shape as the cost functions for other commodities. It is conjectured that the choice of information system to produce a particular piece of information will affect the production cost of that piece of information. The sensitivity of the cost function to the changes in the information system architecture is studied. It is found that an optimum system architecture for each application environment can be determined through a purely economic analysis.

A Model of Information System Choice

Abstract The literature on public information system choice (for example, Demski, 1973, 1974) points to the conclusion that the choice of a public information system is inherently chaotic. This conclusion seems to conflict with the actual development of accounting standards. The conflict can be partly explained by the lack of sufficient structure in the frameworks of analysis used in the existing literature. This paper shows that, once certain minimal institutional factors and their effects on preferences, or the perception of such, are included in a model of public information system choice, then such a choice need not be chaotic.

SIMULATION OF INFORMATION CHOICE

ABSTRACTBeginning with the information economics framework and a multi‐period decision model [15], this paper considers the use of computer simulation methods within an information system choice environment. Actual decision behavior is replaced by optimal decision rules, and simulation is used to evaluate the effects of parameter changes in the environmental model. Simulation is shown to be functional (1) in estimating the value of alternative information structures within a fifteen period decision model and (2) in providing sensitivity and statistical data which would be useful both for different decision maker utility functions and for a variety of information system design questions.

The Evaluation and Choice of Internal Information Systems Within a Multiperson World

In choosing a firm's internal information system,' the accountant usually simplifies his choice problem by ignoring any indirect effects his choice may have on the actions chosen by the firm's competitors. The accountant ignores these indirect effects on the assumption that the choice of a strictly internal information system for a firm should have no effects, direct or indirect, on the actions chosen by the firm's competitors. Indeed, this assumption is implicitly formalized in much of the information economics literature, which deals only with information system choice within a oneperson world. (See Marschak [7], Feltham [4], Feltham and Demski [5].) This paper addresses the issues of the valuation and choice of internal information systems within a multifirm (or multiperson) world.2 I will show that, under appropriate conditions, an individual's choice of a strictly internal information system can affect his competitors' chosen actions, and that ignoring these effects can lead to an incorrect valuation, and hence choice, of an internal information system. In particular, I will show that in a specific multiperson noncooperative game' setting, individual A