Chloride Modification Research Articles

Synthesis of novel organophosphonate Schiff bases: A potential agents for post-cancer treatment and diabetics management

Schiff bases (SBs) and organophosphonates (OPs) are recognized for their extensive pharmaceutical applications; however, examples of compounds containing both functionalities are rarely reported. This study focuses on synthesizing novel phosphonate Schiff bases (PSBs) by condensing 3-amino benzoic acid with various aldehydes, followed by phosphorylation using triethylphosphite. This synthetic strategy and oxalyl chloride modification of the carboxyl group enabled incorporation of the phosphonate moiety without the need for NH₂ blocking agents, under mild, catalyst-free conditions. Twelve PSBs were synthesized and characterized using ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS. The compounds exhibited good to excellent yields. Biological evaluations showed significant cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Specifically, compounds P1, P6, P8, and P9 demonstrated potent inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 9.40 ± 0.27, 6.88 ± 0.15, 5.20 ± 0.13, and 10.52 ± 0.26 µM, respectively. These results suggest that PSBs could be promising candidates for treating oncological and diabetic conditions. Advance in vivo studies and clinical trials are required to further establish their pharmacotherapeutic potential.

Mechanism of chloride modification ambipolar polymer electrode materials for high-performance energy storage device

Ambipolar conducting polymer electrode materials exhibit a wide voltage window, contributing to fast development of high-energy–density storage devices. The doping levels of p-doped and n-doped in ambipolar conducting polymers determine the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. However, n-doped materials always face low doping efficiency, caused by difficulty in electron injection and ion migration, thereby affecting specific capacitance and stability. In this study, two ambipolar conductive polymers were developed, in which the n-doped imine group was chlorinated to improve electron injection, and the mechanism of ion migration process was studied by changing the chlorination of different positions relative to the carbonyl group. The influence of chloride modification on n-doped electrochemical energy storage was thoroughly investigated. The results show that chloride modification can lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the monomer and make electron injection easier. Interestingly, the chloride modification position not only affects the oxidation–reduction of the carbonyl, but also the binding of the carbonyl with lithium ions. If the chloride modification position is too close to the carbonyl, lithium-ion migration in ambipolar conducting polymer will be restricted, although electron injection is beneficial. Based on this design, the developed PEPCl conducting polymer exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the mechanism of chlorination modification of ambipolar polymer electrode materials is described.

Sequential diethylaminoethyl dextran-grafting and diethylaminoethyl modification improve the adsorption performance of anion exchangers

Ion exchangers with high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, and high salt-tolerance synchronously are highly desired for high-performance protein purification. Here, we propose a sequential diethylaminoethyl dextran-grafting and diethylaminoethyl chloride modification strategy to achieve high-performance anion exchangers. The advantages of the double-modification strategy lie in: (1) the introduction of diethylaminoethyl in the second modification has no diffusion limitation due to the small molecular size, thus a high ionic capacity; (2) the grafting ligands not only provide three-dimensional adsorption space for high adsorption capacitybut alsofacilitate surface diffusion of protein by chain delivery. The maximum adsorption capacity of the obtained anion exchangers for bovine serum albumin reaches 333 mg/mL, the ratio of effective pore diffusivity (De) to free solution diffusivity (D0) reaches 0.69, and the adsorption amount reaches 97 mg/mL even in 100 mmol/L NaCl concentration,. All these results demonstrate the proposed sequential modification strategy are promising for the preparation of high-performance ion exchangers.

Benzalkonium chloride modification of tin oxide to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells

For planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), tin oxide (SnO2) is a perfect electron transport material. However, owing to nanoparticle agglomeration and defects, the advantages of SnO2 cannot be effectively utilized. Herein, a cationic surfactant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is introduced into SnO2 precursor solution to prevent the aggregation of SnO2. Thus, a uniform and free of pinhole SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) is obtained, which supports the formation of high-quality perovskite layer (PVK). The introduction of BAC adjusts the energy level of ETL and improves the electron transport in the buried interface. Moreover, the BAC-modification reduces and passivates the defects on the surface of SnO2 and perovskite films. Consequently, BAC-modified PSCs achieves a champion efficiency of 23.49 % with an impressive fill factor of 84.50 %. The unpackaged device maintains an initial efficiency of 91.4 % after 1000 h of storage in dark at 25 ± 5 °C and 25 ± 5 % relative humidity.

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) modification of dispersive soil: A comprehensive study on dispersivity, mechanical properties, and microscale mechanisms

The engineering problems caused by dispersive soil are of worldwide concern. Traditional high carbon emission soil amendments such as cement and lime cause several environmental problems, including pollution and soil alkalization. Inorganic polymers are considered to be an economical, effective, and environmentally friendly soil amendment. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of the polymeric coagulant polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to improve soil dispersivity. PAC was added to the dispersive soils at different dry mass ratios of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 10%. The soil samples were then cured for 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days. Soil dispersivity was determined by crumb tests, pinhole tests, and exchangeable sodium ion percentage tests. Soil mechanical strength was assessed through unconfined compressive strength tests and unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests. Particle size distribution, pH, resistivity, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy tests were conducted to investigate soil improvement mechanisms. Experimental results indicate that 1.5% PAC can transform highly dispersive soil into non-dispersive soil after 1 day of curing. When the PAC content increases from 0% to 7%, the unconfined compressive strength of the soil increases by 110.1%, and the internal friction angle and cohesion increase by 61.1% and 24.2%, respectively. The changes in the physicochemical properties and microstructure of the soil indicate the high-valence cations produced by PAC hydrolysis can effectively replace Na+ in the soil, while significantly reducing the pH value of the soil. Simultaneously, the coagulation effect generated markedly reduces soil porosity, resulting in a more compact soil structure. In summary, PAC demonstrates excellent potential in improving soil dispersivity and mechanical properties. Compared to traditional high carbon emission amendments such as cement and lime, PAC can effectively reduce soil alkalinity, mitigate environmental issues associated with these materials, and offer new possibilities for improving dispersive soils.

Removal of Plastics from Micron Size to Nanoscale Using Wood Filter.

Plastic pollution, particularly microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) pollution, has become a significant concern. This study explores the use of porous wood for filtration to remove MPs and NPs and investigates their removal mechanisms. Undecorated fir wood with a thickness of 4 mm achieves a 91% removal rate for model polystyrene (PS) MPs (2.6 μm) at a water flux of 198 L/m2h. However, its separation performance for NPs (255.8 and 50.9 nm) is poor. It also shows that fir wood (coniferous wood) has a higher PS removal rate than poplar wood (hard wood). With poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) modification, both MPs and NPs are effectively removed, with NPs' removal rate increasing from <10% to 90% for PDDA/wood. Characterization results reveal that size-exclusive interception dominates for micron-sized particles, and electrostatic interaction is crucial for nanosized particles. Additionally, intercepted NPs have been used as a strong binder for hot-pressed wood to remarkably enhance the mechanical properties of wood, suggesting a novel recycle utilization of discarded wood filters. Overall, this renewable wood material offers a simple solution for tackling MP/NP pollution.

Hydrophobic enrichment-induced augmentation of NH2-UiO-66 particle interactions for enhanced pervaporation performance of polydimethylsiloxane membrane

BackgroundIn this research, we aimed to improve the hydrophobic property of NH2-UiO-66 particles by palmitoyl chloride (PC) modification. PC-UiO-66 particles were mixed in the selective layer of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)-PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) composite membrane for organo-selective pervaporation. MethodsWe effectively preserved conspicuous crystallinity and high porosity during a conversion from hydrophilic to hydrophobic MOF, as confirmed by XRD and BET studies. The successful incorporation of palmitoyl long alkyl chains into PC-UiO-66 was verified through FTIR, XPS, and EDS studies. PC-UiO-66 particles exhibited an excellent dispersion in PDMS matrix due to a strong interfacial polymer-MOF interaction observed in FESEM and AFM studies. An organophilic pervaporation separation performance of pristine PDMS, NH2-UiO-66/PDMS, and PC-UiO-66/PDMS membranes coated on PVDF support was evaluated for ethanol/water, IPA/water, and 1,5 PDO/IPA feed solution. Significant findingsThe results demonstrated that adding PC-UiO-66 particles significantly improved the separation performance of PC-UiO-66/PDMS membranes, achieving the highest selectivity compared to pristine PDMS and NH2-UiO-66/PDMS membranes.

Exploring the synergistic effects of calcium chloride modification on stem bark eucalyptus biochar for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions removal: Kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic and optimization studies

In this study, stem bark eucalyptus was subjected to pyrolysis modification to produce modified biochar. The modified biochar (MSBEB) was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The impact of adsorption process variables such as temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time on the metals ion removal efficiency were investigated. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions were determined as 45.20 °C, 0.12 g/L, and 120.5 min through optimization process. The excellent performance of the modified biochar can be attributed to its porous structure, surface area, surface chemistry and crystallinity as supported by SEM, BET, FTIR and XRD analysis. However, based on the high correlation coefficient (R2), low values of chi square (χ2) and sum of square error (SSE), the Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetics provided the best fit, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible reaction.

Boosting the Photoreactivity of g-C3N4 towards CO2 Reduction by Polymerization of Dicyandiamide in Ammonium Chloride

As a typical organic semiconductor photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) suffers from low photocatalytic activity. In this paper, g-C3N4 was prepared by polymerization of dicyandiamide (C2H4N4) in the presence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). It was found that the addition of ammonium chloride can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 towards CO2 reduction. The optimal photocatalyst (CN-Cl 20) exhibited a CO2-to-CO conversion activity of 50.6 μmolg−1h−1, which is 3.1 times that of pristine bulk g-C3N4 (BCN) that was prepared in the absence of any ammonium chloride. The enhanced photoactivity of g-C3N4 was attributed to the combined effects of chloride modification and an enlarged specific surface area. Chloride modification of g-C3N4 can not only reduce the bandgap, but also causes a negatively shifted conduction band (CB) potential level, while ammonia (NH3) gas from the decomposition of NH4Cl can act as a gas template to exfoliate layered structure g-C3N4, improving the specific surface from 6.8 to 21.3 m2g−1. This study provides new ideas for the synthesis of highly efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials for CO2 conversion and utilization.

Turning danger into opportunity: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-surface reconstruction effect of hydrophilic plastics and its application in plastic flotation separation

Plastic flotation shows a good application prospect in the field of waste plastic recycling. Nevertheless, surface reconstruction effect is highly likely to worsen the effect of plastic flotation separation. In order to avoid the fluctuation of plastic flotation separation process, it is urgent to explore the role of environmental factors on the reconstruction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Among various environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the most important environmental factors affecting surface reconstruction effect. In view of this, in this work, we first used two common plastic modification methods, Fenton aging and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) modification, to hydrophilize six common plastics, namely PS, PVC, ABS, PMMA, PC, and PET. Then we studied the UV irradiation-surface reconstruction effect of hydrophilic plastics using flotation experiments. The results showed that UV irradiation can significantly enhance the surface reconstruction effect of hydrophilic plastics. More importantly, the wettability of plastic surfaces can be regulated by changing lighting conditions. Based on this, a novel UV irradiation-flotation process to separate PVC, ABS, and polyester (PMMA, PC, and PET) was successfully developed in this study. This work not only provides ideas for the further application of plastic flotation technology, but also lays a certain foundation for the development of novel and efficient UV irradiation-flotation processes.

Preparation of thin-film composite membrane with Turing structure by PEO-assisted interfacial polymerization combined with choline chloride modification to improve permeability

BackgroundThe speed of the interfacial polymerization reaction is considered to be the decisive factor for the thickness and surface morphology of the polyamide layer. The reaction rate can be controlled by controlling the diffusion rate of the aqueous monomer. MethodsHere, firstly, polyethylene oxide was added into the aqueous solution to increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase to reduce the reaction rate. Then choline chloride (CC) was grafted on the surface of the nascent polyamide membrane by a surface grafting method for secondary modification. A polyamide nanofiltration membrane with a special Turing structure was prepared on the surface of polyethersulfone support membrane. The desalination performance of composite membrane was investigated. Significant findingsThe results showed that the addition of PEO resulted in the regular Turing structure on the surface of the composite membrane. When the addition amount reached 1%, the performance of the composite membrane was the best. After the secondary modification of CC, the rejection rate of Na2SO4 was more than 96%, and the permeation flux could reach 125.9 L/(m2·h·MPa). It is expected to be applied in the fields of seawater desalination and sewage purification.

High efficiency perovskite solar cells via NaCl modified tin oxide electron transport layer

The SnO 2 electron transport layer (ETL) has been proved to play an important role on the charge extraction and recombination for high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We fabricated added sodium chloride (NaCl) modification of SnO 2 ETL with optimal concentration, and achieved a high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.2% with nearly 20% improvement. It was demonstrated that the addition of NaCl effectively enhanced the charge transfer between the ETL and perovskite, suppressed the non-radiative recombination in the interface. Particularly, it exhibited markedly improved open-voltage and fill factor. This simple modified strategy provides a practical and fast method to improve the performance of high efficiency PSCs. • NaCl modified the SnO 2 electron transport layer to reduce the PbI 2 . • NaCl modified exhibited markedly improved open-voltage and fill factor. • NaCl enhanced the electrical conductivity and charge transport in ETL. • NaCl modified SnO 2 electron transport achieve a PCE of 21%.

Phosphorus removal from wastewater using Ca-modified attapulgite: Fixed-bed column performance and breakthrough curves analysis

The adsorbent calcium-modified attapulgite (Ca-GAT) prepared by calcium chloride modification and high temperature treatment (700 °C) has proved to remove phosphorus in low-concentration phosphorus wastewater in batch adsorption experiments. Dynamic adsorption performance and industrial application potential still need further determination. This study explored the effects of various parameters on the dynamic phosphorus adsorption, including initial phosphate concentration (2–10 mg/L), flow rate (1–3 mL/min) and adsorption bed height (2–6 cm). Phosphorus adsorption ability improved and the breakthrough time increased with the increase of bed height, flow rate, and a decrease in initial phosphorus concentration. Breakthrough curves fitted four models, the Adams-Bohart, Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and Bed depth service time (BDST). The maximum adsorption amount determined by the Thomas model obtained 13.477 mg/g. The saturated fixed-bed column were regenerated with NaOH, NaOH + NaCl and HCl, among which 0.5 mol/L NaOH had the best regeneration effect. During the utilization of a large fixed-bed to treat the actual membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent, the breakthrough point (0.5 mg/L) was obtained after 177 h. These results implied that Ca-GAT had an application potential for the treatment of low-concentration phosphorus wastewater (2 mg/L).

Magnesium chloride-modified potassium humate-based carbon material for efficient removal of phosphate from water

BackgroundTo solve the problem of eutrophication caused by phosphate, a metal-loaded biocarbon composite material is considered to be an effective adsorbent for removing phosphate. MethodsIn this study, potassium humate was used to prepare modified potassium humate-based carbon material (MPHCM) through magnesium chloride modification and rapid pyrolysis. Significant findingsStudies have shown that MPHCM can effectively remove phosphate from water. At 318 K and with pH=3, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 181.96 mg P g−1, and the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-first and pseudo-secondary adsorption kinetic models and the Langmuir adsorption model. This adsorption process involved physical and chemical adsorption, which indicated monolayer adsorption. The main adsorption mechanisms for MPHCM were protonation, electrostatic interactions, ligand exchange and inner sphere complex precipitation. Six desorption cycles verified the excellent reproducibility of MPHCM for phosphate removal. Therefore, this study provides a new adsorbent for phosphate removal and expands the application range of potassium humate-based carbon materials.

Experimental study of a LiCl-modified fibrous core material for energy wheels

In this study, an experimental investigation is presented of a core material with irregular-shaped air flow channels for energy wheel applications. An experimental setup is established to test the performance of the material and study and analyze its characteristics. The core material has polyester wadding as the matrix and is sprayed with activated carbon as a hygroscopic material. Pores are found in the hygroscopic material attached to the fiber which contribute to the improvement of the heat exchange area between air and the material. To improve the performance of the material, it is modified by a lithium chloride solution. The test results showed that by implementing the lithium chloride modification, the hygroscopic capacity of the material can be significantly enhanced. The material latent and enthalpy efficiencies can be improved by about 10 % and 20 % at 0.5 rpm rotational speed with the action of lithium chloride at 2 % and 6 % mass concentration respectively. In addition, the efficiencies of the test material can be improved by more than 10 % by increasing its length from 38 mm to 50 mm. It is shown that the increase in the air flow rate leads to a decrease in the latent and enthalpy efficiencies. Mathematical models are used to analyze the latent efficiency of the material. Results showed that the efficiency of the modified material improved substantially at both high rotational speeds (>10 rpm) and low rotational speeds (0–10 rpm). Overall, the proposed core material offers an alternative low-cost and compact choice for energy wheel applications in air conditioning systems. The current study provides a preliminary assessment of such material and is aimed at establishing a better understanding of the promising potential in energy wheel applications.

Stepwise flotation separation of WEEE plastics by polymeric aluminum chloride towards source control of microplastics

The mismanagement of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) resulted in numerous discarded plastics in the natural environment, and these waste plastics might experience aging, breaking, and migration, which becomes a crucial microplastic source. Sustainable management of WEEE plastics presents a considerable opportunity for resource recovery and microplastic pollution prevention. Flotation separation is a significant process of mechanical recycling, while most flotation methods can only deal with binary plastic mixtures. In this work, an advanced, stepwise, and sustainable flotation method was advocated to separate multi-plastics by polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) modification. The abundant hydrophilic groups and environmental friendliness of PAC prompted us to further investigate the wetting effect. PAC had varied hydrophilization effects on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS) surfaces, but polyethylene terephthalate (PET) retained hydrophobicity. Treatment conditions, including PAC dosage, temperature, time, and pH were optimized. 100% of PET could be purified after primary separation, and the purities of ABS and PS could reach 100% and 97.4% after secondary separation, respectively. The strength of the interaction was determined by the different surface potentials and functional groups. In PAC solution, long-chain molecules or ions might interact with plastic surfaces electrostatically, and Al3+ could bridge long-chain molecules and plastic surfaces, thereby strengthening the polymer hydrophilicity. We further improved the PAC treatment process, and the reuse of PAC reduced modifier usage to 84.4 g/ton waste plastics, which was cost-effective in industrial applications. A preliminary evaluation of the energy consumption and environmental impact indicated that PAC treatment was superior to other modification methods. This work is an initial attempt at the stepwise separation of waste plastic and shows promising prospects for recycling plastic waste.

Hydrophobic ceramic membranes fabricated via fatty acid chloride modification for solvent resistant membrane distillation (SR-MD)

Solvent resistant membrane distillation (SR-MD) is a novel technology to effectively separate water from waste streams containing solvents with high boiling points, avoiding the high chemical costs and release of harmful gas in conventional treatments. Ceramic membranes are promising for this process as they are highly stable chemically but they require modification to tune the hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. However, the widely used silanization for hydrophobic modification often involves expensive chemicals and may produce toxic substances. Here, we present a new hydrophobic modification method with the use of fatty acid chloride (FAC), as a greener and cheaper alternative to silanes. In the grafting reaction, the acyl chloride groups react with the –OH groups on the ceramic membranes to form strong ester bonds. We successfully grafted stearoyl chloride (SC) and palmitoyl chloride (PC) on the ceramic tubular membranes. With long carbon chains grafted, the modified membranes exhibited high hydrophobicity with a water contact angle >141° and a liquid entry pressure >3 bar. When tested in SR-MD with a feed solution containing 50 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide, the PC-modified membrane demonstrated a flux of 3.2 kg m−2 h−1, with rejection >98% and separation factor >110 at 60 °C, and a high flux of 4.5 kg m−2 h−1 with rejection >96% at 70 °C. The FAC-modified membranes allow a cost-effective treatment of challenging wastewater containing organic solvents through SR-MD.

Quaternized chitosan/cellulose composites as enhanced hemostatic and antibacterial sponges for wound healing

It is essential to enhance our antibacterial arsenal in the first-aid hemostatic treatment due to the healing delay and even death from the bacteria-contaminated wounds. Herein, serial quaternized chitosan with varying degrees of substitution (QCSX) was prepared by glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride modification. Then the obtained QCSX was conjugated with dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) through Schiff base reaction to obtain the corresponding composite sponges (2QCSX-DAC). The surface morphology, chemical structures, and physical characters of mechanical measurement, water uptake behavior, porosity, and degradation tests were determined. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biological assays were performed. The obtained 2QCSX-DAC sponges exhibit abundant porous structures, moderate mechanical properties, excellent water uptake performance, and effective bactericidal rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moreover, these porous composite sponges have superior blood coagulation abilities with the blood coagulation time reduced by 76.6% and 59.8% compared with blank control and Celox™ as well as low hemolysis rates (<5%). Meanwhile, 2QCS3-DAC had benign cytotoxicity of L929 cells in vitro and could accelerate the infected wound healing of rats at the early stage in vivo. Overall, this composite sponge appears to be a viable wound dressing for daily wound care in civilian hospitals and emergency hemostasis on battlefields.

Polyvinyl chloride modifications, properties, and applications: Review

AbstractThe present study provides an overview of the latest scientific developments in the field of application and modification of ion exchange sorbents and membranes made of granular and powdery polyvinyl chloride (PVC), focusing on some scientific works, such as water and wastewater treatment, ion exchange, gas separation, etc. For this purpose, an introduction to the various methods of modifying PVC is first given, and then the application of ion exchange sorbents and membrane is discussed. Methods of modification of PVC under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions using modifiers containing N, S, and O atoms are also described. Various ion‐exchange sorbents and membranes based on PVC, methods for modifying PVC and the use of the obtained ion‐exchange sorbents and membranes are viewed. A comparison of the sorption properties of ion‐exchange sorbents based on PVC and sorbents used in industry has also been carried out.

Organic Chloride Salt Interfacial Modified Crystallization for Efficient Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells.

Antimony selenosulfide, Sb2(SSe)3, is recognized as an excellent photoactive material owing to its light harvesting capability. There is still room for improvement of the film quality for device performance improvement. Herein, an organic chloride salt [diethylamine hydrochloride, DEA(Cl)] has been introduced for fabricating Sb2(SSe)3 solar cells for the first time. A champion device with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.17% has been achieved with a relatively improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage (VOC). It has been revealed that DEA(Cl) successfully interacts with Sb2(SSe)3, which can facilitate the crystallization process to give rise to the closely packed bigger grain sizes with reduced surface cracks; it successfully suppressed the oxidized Sb species (Sb2O3) in the Sb2(SSe)3 film to give rise to phase purity, thus leading to superior surface morphology and electrical characteristics of DEA(Cl)-modified Sb2(SSe)3 absorber films. Chloride modification is thus efficiently helpful in suppressing interfacial defects, improving junction quality, and optimizing energy-level alignment. This facile interfacial modification demonstrates the remarkable potential for efficient Sb2(SSe)3 solar cells.