The residue of chloramphenicol (CAP) in animal-derived foods and the environment poses a serious threat to human health, highlighting the urgent need for sensitive, selective, and rapid detection methods. In this study, a novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET)-based sensing platform was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of CAP, employing a Tb-PTC/Ag MOF composite as the energy donor and hollow ZIF-8@polydopamine (ZIF-8@PDA) as the energy acceptor. Coordination of Tb3+ with PTCA ligands within the MOF framework effectively suppressed aggregation-induced quenching, while the incorporation of Ag MOF further enhanced and stabilized the ECL intensity through synergistic effects. Efficient ECL-RET was achieved owing to the spectral overlap between the UV-vis absorption of the acceptor and the ECL emission of the donor, with a high energy transfer efficiency of 75.1%, significantly improving the sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed platform exhibited a wide linear range from 10-5 to 10-15mol L-1 for CAP detection, with an exceptionally low detection limit of 1.57 × 10-15mol L-1. By integrating the structural advantages of MOFs with the high sensitivity of the ECL-RET strategy, this work establishes a robust and promising platform for trace-level CAP monitoring in environmental and food samples.

Interfacial charge engineering of Ti3C2Tx/Bi2S3 for fully integrated photoelectrochemical sensing arrays.

ABSTRACTImmunosuppression increases susceptibility to infections, highlighting the need for safe immunomodulatory strategies. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of wheat peptides (WP) and identified bioactive peptide sequences using zebrafish and mouse models. In chloramphenicol (CAP)‐induced immunosuppressed zebrafish, WP (150 μg/mL) significantly restored macrophage counts (32.25% increase), neutrophil fluorescence intensity (28.87% increase), and IFN‐γ levels (42.34% increase). In cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced immunosuppressed mice, WP (0.5 g/kg) significantly increased spleen index, thymus index, serum IgA and IFN‐γ levels, and fecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations. LC–MS/MS peptidomics identified peptide sequences; molecular docking targeting CHRM1 revealed that the octapeptide GFNDLGKR (GR8) exhibited the strongest binding affinity (CDOCKER energy = −161.15 kcal/mol). GR8 (10 μg/mL) validation in zebrafish significantly increased macrophage counts (60.62%), neutrophil fluorescence intensity (44.03%), and IFN‐γ levels (60.84%). These findings demonstrate that WP exerts immunomodulatory effects through restoration of immune cells, organ indices, cytokines, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), and identify GR8 as a promising bioactive peptide for functional food development.

The aim of the study was to prepare chloramphenicol (CAM)-loaded transfersomes to enhance drug permeability following topical administration, considering the final goal of treating conjunctivitis by applying the formulation onto the eyelid. The CAM-loaded transfersomes obtained have an average particle size of approximately 120nm, are monodispersed with polydispersity index < 0.1, and exhibit high encapsulation efficiency (84 ± 5.5%). The formulation showed vesicle deformability, good biocompatibility and enhanced skin permeation compared to a conventional ophthalmic formulation of the antibiotic. The optimized drug-loaded nanosystem was subsequently jellified and the fluid gel obtained presented rheological behaviour adequate for application onto the eyelid. The formulation showed physical and chemical stability after 3months storage. Therefore, eyelid administration of CAM-loaded transfersomes could be considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted Fe0/FeOOH triboelectric catalytic system was proposed that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is subsequently converted into chemical energy for the degradation of organic pollutants. The Fe0/FeOOH system exhibits high efficiency, achieving degradation rates of 99.3%, 97.1%, 96.9%, and 88.2% for crystal violet (CV), tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chloramphenicol (CHL), respectively, within 15 min. The kinetic constant K for CV degradation is 0.3301 min-1. The triboelectric catalytic degradation efficiency of Fe0/FeOOH increased by more than 300% compared to the single catalyst. EPR and radical scavenging experiments confirm the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2-). A model of an electron cloud-potential well is presented to clarify the triboelectric catalysis mechanisms based on the extent of electron cloud overlap and the frequency of charge transfer. LC-MS analysis detected the molecular ion peak of Michler's ketone (m/z 269, [M + H]+), which, together with the UV-vis peak at 376 nm, supports the conjugated structure cleavage pathway of CV. Furthermore, the Fe0/FeOOH system maintains excellent catalytic performance at high temperatures, demonstrating strong high-temperature resistance, laying a foundation for its practical application.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rewires host metabolism to optimize virus production. Although glycolysis is necessary for virus production, the importance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is unknown. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for 13 critical OXPHOS polypeptides plus the 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) for mitochondrial protein synthesis. We found an ∼5- to 100-fold greater SARS-CoV-2 virus production in infected human ACE2-expressing A549 lung cells when OXPHOS was inhibited by mtDNA depletion (ρ0 cells), inhibition of mitochondrial translation with chloramphenicol (CAP), or chemical inhibition of OXPHOS complexes. OXPHOS inhibition led to a marked increase in the size and distribution of viral replication centers and accelerated the production and release of infectious particles, occurring ∼2 hours earlier than in parental A549-ACE2 (wild type) cells. Subsequently, we found that increased glycolytic capacity was required for enhanced viral replication whereas differences in innate immune pathway activation were not. Reintroduction of mtDNA from a well-defined maternal lineage into the ρ0 cells reinstated OXPHOS, impaired SARS-CoV-2 replication, and reversed associated viral and glycolytic correlates. Thus, metabolic balance regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication, with OXPHOS exerting an antiviral effect.

Unveiling the dual role of ferrous ion in nitro‑antibiotic removal by zero‑valent iron: Governing parent compound removal and driving toxic intermediate accumulation.

In this study, Cono carpus leaf extract, a green antioxidant, was exploited to green-synthesize Fe/Cd nanoparticles, eliminating the need for harmful chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles were immobilized using modified bentonite (MB) via thermal treatment, which improves the hydraulic properties of bentonite and makes it a suitable support material for nanoparticles, especially for continuous experiments. In a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), the synthesized nanocomposite (MB-Fe/Cd) was employed as reactive material to retain Penicillin G (PG), Kanamycin (KC), and Chloramphenicol (CP) in groundwater. The batch and continuous trials showed that the nanocomposite might enhance hydraulic characteristics and impede pollutant transfer. In addition, contaminant transport was simulated using COMSOL software. Accordingly, in the PRB method for cleaning up contaminated groundwater, the nanocomposite (MB-Fe/Cd) can be regarded as a promising reactive agent.

Chloramphenicol (CAP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from Streptomyces, readily persists and accumulates in humans through pathways such as the food chain, leading to significant toxic effects. Herein, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on the signal "ON-OFF-ON" strategy is proposed for CAP detection in food. We utilized the immobilization capacity and enzyme-mimicking activity of iron-lanthanum doped prussian blue analogue (Fe-La PBA) to catalytically enhance the luminol-H2O2 luminescent system, thereby engineering the composite nanozyme-based luminophore (luminol-Au@Fe-La PBA). Moreover, polydopamine (PDA)-coordinated cadmium sulfide (CdS) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au@CdS/PDA) serves as an energy acceptor to quench the signal from emitter luminol-Au@Fe-La PBA. Firstly, the luminol-Au@Fe-La PBA emitter was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), providing a strong initial ECL signal and serving as a platform for anchoring cDNA hybridized with the aptamer (Apt). Then the specific quenching probe (Apt-Au@CdS/PDA) was introduced, leading to substantial signal reduction. Upon the action of CAP, the dissociation of the Apt-cDNA hybrid duplex led to the detachment of the quenching probe from the electrode surface, thereby restoring the ECL signal intensity. The aptasensor demonstrated a linear response over a concentration range of 10 to 107 pg mL- 1, and LOD was 1.18 pg mL- 1, exhibiting satisfactory recoveries in various food samples and quality control samples.

3D Flower-Like Bi2O2CO3/2D rGO composite modified with GCE for electrochemical nanomolar quantification of chloramphenicol in biological and environmental matrices.

Development of a portable electrochemical sensor based on STAB-GN for simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin in foods.

Picomolar chloramphenicol detection by orchestrating multi-level signal systems of metal-organic frameworks-catalytic hairpin assembly-gold nanoprobes.

Computational discovery and repurposing of chloramphenicol succinate as a potent P2Y14 receptor antagonist for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance status of Salmonella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolated from food samples across 31 provinces in China during 2023. Methods: From January to December 2023, 2 269 Salmonella and 1 146 diarrheagenic E.coli isolates were recovered from meat of livestock and poultry, aquatic products, and ready-to-eat foods collected from restaurants, cafeterias, farmers' markets, and supermarkets. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the microbroth dilution method, and resistance was interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M100 2024 breakpoints. Results: The overall resistance rates were 78.71% (1 786/2 269) for Salmonella and 80.37% (921/1 146) for diarrheagenic E. coli. Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli isolates from raw poultry meat exhibited elevated resistance rates of 95.59% (434/454) and 90.27% (204/226), respectively.Both pathogens exhibited high resistance to ampicillin (AMP), tetracycline (TET), and chloramphenicol (CHL), with resistance rates of 60.33%, 57.16%, and 48.23% for Salmonella and 62.04%, 68.77%, and 54.42% for diarrheagenic E.coli, respectively. All isolates of both pathogens were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates were 57.29% (1 300/2 269) in Salmonella and 60.82% (697/1 146) in diarrheagenic E. coli. The predominant resistance profiles were AMP-CHL-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)-TET-florfenicol in Salmonella and AMP-CHL-SXT-TET in diarrheagenic E.coli. The resistance rates of Salmonella isolates from Heilongjiang Province and Guizhou Province were 92.70% (127/137) and 92.45% (49/53), respectively, with a relatively high MDR rate in Guizhou Province (73.58%, 39/53). Among diarrheagenic E. coli, resistance rates of isolates from Shanghai and Gansu Province were 95.19% (99/104) and 90.00% (45/50), respectively, with a notable MDR rate in Shanghai (86.54%, 90/104). Conclusions: Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from various foods in China, particularly raw poultry meat, demonstrated high resistance rates to AMP, TET, and CHL, along with concerning levels of multidrug resistance. These findings highlight a significant public health concern and necessitate urgent attention and effective intervention strategies from relevant authorities.

A highly selective molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was constructed for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection based on a copper-benzenetricarboxylic acid metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC)-MOF)/graphene (Gr) composite and poly(o-phenylenediamine) (o-PD) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The (Cu-BTC)-MOF exhibits extremely high porosity, adjustable pore size, a large specific surface area, and highly dispersed unsaturated metal sites. These properties enable it to provide active centers, guide the orderly growth of MIPs, or anchor functional groups, all of which are beneficial for improving the detection performance and stability of the sensor. Graphene, as a support substrate for (Cu-BTC)-MOF, can significantly improve the dispersion, structural stability and conductivity of (Cu-BTC)-MOF. o-PD serves as a functional monomer with two amino active sites, which enable hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions with the functional groups (such as carboxyl or hydroxyl) of target molecules, thus enhancing template-specific recognition. The aromatic ring of o-PD facilitates π–π stacking and can broaden the recognition scope. The fabricated sensor exhibits a wide detection range of 0.1 to 120 µM, a low detection limit of 0.05 µM and high sensitivity of 0.186 µA µM−1. Furthermore, it also demonstrated good selectivity, reproducibility and high stability. Moreover, the proposed molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully used to assess the chloramphenicol content in real food samples. Therefore, this work presents a simple and efficient strategy for detecting chloramphenicol, which could aid in applying molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors across various detection scenarios.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with applications in human and veterinary medicine. However, due to its severe adverse effects, including fatal aplastic anemia, its use in food-producing animals has been banned in many countries. Despite these regulations, CAP residues have been detected in milk, raising concerns about food safety and regulatory compliance. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the presence of CAP in milk, detection methods, and regulatory limits. A comprehensive literature search identified 918 studies, of which 27 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies primarily focused on analytical methodologies for CAP detection in milk samples, with techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) being the most commonly employed. LC-MS/MS demonstrated the highest sensitivity and accuracy. While 55.5% of studies reported no CAP detection, others indicated varying levels, with some exceeding regulatory limits. The findings highlight the ongoing challenge of CAP contamination in milk and the necessity for stringent monitoring and regulatory enforcement. Further research is needed to improve detection capabilities and assess the public health risks associated with CAP residues in dairy products.

Advancing chloramphenicol detection through a novel porous organic polymer-enhanced screen-printed electrode.

4D-printed ELISA needle panel meter.

Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and riboflavin using a calcined NiCuO-C/MWCNT composite modified electrode in various food samples.

Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes.