Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection In Adolescents Research Articles

Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and young women: Prevalence and risk factors.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections among adolescents and young adult women and to identify the risk factors associated. This study included 276 sexually active participants, classified as adolescents (15-19 years) and young adult women (20-24 years) that realized conventional cytology and were tested for 27 HPV genotypes and for CT. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with both infections. The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.7% in adolescents and 43.0% in young adult women. The HPV-16 was the most prevalent (27.7%), followed by HPV-68 (6.9%), HPV-52 (6.2%), HPV-39 (4.6%), and HPV-73 (4.6%). The prevalence of CT infection was 11.5% among adolescents and 6.2% among young adult women. Cytological abnormalities were found in 14.2% among adolescents, of which 80.9% were positive for HPV and 10% of young adult women of which 84.6% were positive for HPV infection. HPV16 and HPV 68 were detected in 35.7% and 32.1% of cases with cytological abnormalities. Factors independently associated with HPV infection obtained by multivariate analysis were unmarried or divorced marital status and the presence of cytological abnormalities. The same variables were analyzed for the association with CT infection, and the association with cytological abnormalities remained significant. HPV and CT infections are very prevalent in adolescent and young adult women; these findings reinforce the need of early vaccination, prior to the onset of sexual activity, and justify implementation of molecular screening tests.

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can lead to severe sequelae; however, they are not notifiable in Germany. We tested urine samples from participants of KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) for CT infections and linked the results to demographic and behavioural data from 1,925 participants (girls aged 15-17 years and boys aged 16-17 years) to determine a representative prevalence of CT infection in adolescents in Germany and to assess associated risk factors. Prevalence of CT infection was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4-3.5) in girls and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7) in boys. CT infection in girls was associated with higher use of alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes, lower social status, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, repeated lower abdominal pain and higher rates of doctors' consultations within the preceding three months and consultation of gynaecologists within the last 12 months. In multiple logistic regression, we identified two predictors for CT infection: marijuana consumption often or several times within the last 12 months (F(1,164)=7.56; p<0.05) and general health status less than 'very good' (F(1,164)=3.83; p=0.052). Given our findings, we recommend enhancing sex education before sexual debut and promoting safe sex practices regardless of the contraceptive method used. Well-informed consumption of alcohol should be promoted, the risky behaviour of people intoxicated through consumption of marijuana highlighted and doctors' awareness of CT screening enhanced.

Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines

In preparation for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Treatment Guidelines, the CDC convened an advisory group in April 2009 to examine recent abstracts and published literature addressing the diagnosis and management of STDs. This article summarizes the key questions, evidence, and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents and adults that were considered in development of the 2010 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines. The evidence reviewed primarily focused on specimen types used for nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia diagnosis, considerations in screening men for chlamydia and repeat testing after infected men receive treatment, and the natural history of chlamydia.

Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Evidence Reviewed for the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines

In April 2005, in preparation for the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sexually transmitted diseases (STD) treatment guidelines, the CDC convened an advisory group to examine recent abstracts and published literature addressing management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults. Key questions were posed and answered on the basis of quality of evidence and expert opinion. Clinical trials continue to demonstrate equivalent efficacy and tolerability of azithromycin and doxycycline regimens, and both remain recommended as first-line therapy in nonpregnant individuals. More data and clinical experience are available to support the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of azithromycin in pregnant women, and, in the upcoming guidelines, azithromycin will be recommended as first-line therapy for such patients. Evidence is building that expedited partner therapy (EPT), with provision of treatment or a prescription, may be just as effective as or more effective than standard partner referral in ensuring partner treatment and preventing chlamydia recurrence in women. Although there are more studies needed and barriers to be addressed before its widespread use, EPT will be recommended as an option for partner management.

The use of self-collected vaginal specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents

The use of self-collected vaginal specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents

Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescents and adults. Clinical and economic implications.

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, screening and pharmacotherapy of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults, together with a critical review of economic studies published on this topic. C. trachomatis continues to produce enormous social and economic consequences despite advances in prevention, screening and treatment. Both infected men and women are at risk of developing sequelae, although women tend to have more serious complications. Several strategies are available for diagnosis and screening. In populations with a high prevalence of disease, DNA-amplification assays may be the most cost-effective approach for diagnosis and screening. Empirical treatment of all patients is also cost effective; however, it may not be feasible for all health systems. A single dose of azithromycin is the most cost-effective antimicrobial agent for treatment of C. trachomatis infection.

Detection of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents

Endocervical swabs from 137 asymptomatic girls 12–18 years of age (mean 16.1 years) were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis using a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) slide test (MicroTrak, Syva Co., Palo Alto, CA) and compared with the tissue culture isolation of the organism. The DFA slides were examined for quality of the specimen as well as for the presence of elementary bodies. Of 137 slides, 5 (3.6%) were “poor” (less than 50 epithelial cells per well) and were excluded from the analysis. The DFA test identified 26 (89.7%) of 29 culture-positive specimens and 102 (99.0%) of 103 culture-negative specimens. The DFA test is a valuable screening tool (positive predictive value 96.30%, negative predictive value 97.14%) for identification of asymptomatic chlamydial cervical infection in adolescents when slides are interpreted for adequacy of the specimen as well as the presence of elementary bodies.