Chiral N-phosphonyl Imines Research Articles

Synthesis of Diastereoenriched α-Aminomethyl Enaminones via a Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric aza-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines.

An effective chiral GAP methodology for preparing α-aminomethyl enaminones through a (R)-CSA-catalyzed asymmetric aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction is reported. Excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity could be obtained under mild conditions and convenient GAP techniques. The confirmations of the absolute configuration of N-phosphonyl imine and chiral enaminone by X-ray diffraction provides an explicit explanation of the chirality mechanism for GAP chemistry.

Group-Assisted Purification Chemistry for Asymmetric Mannich-type Reaction of Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines with Azlactones Leading to Syntheses of α-Quaternary α,β-Diamino Acid Derivatives †.

An asymmetric Mannich-type reaction between chiral N-phosphonyl imines and azlactones [oxazol-5(4H)-ones] has been established under convenient conditions at room temperature. The reaction was performed without using any bases, additives, or catalysts to achieve up to excellent chemical yields and diastereoselectivity for 32 examples. The α-quaternary syn-α,β-diamino acid products were purified simply by washing the crude mixtures with cosolvents, following the group-assisted purification chemistry/technology, without involving traditional chromatography or recrystallization methods. The auxiliary can be readily removed and recycled for reuse. The absolute configuration was unambiguously assigned by X-ray structural analysis.

Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines with Methyl Isocyanoacetate for Accessing 2-Imidazolines with Switchable Stereoselectivity.

Asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of chiral N-phosphonyl imines with methyl isocyanoacetate has been established, enabling controllable/switchable stereoselectivity access to 21 examples of cycloadducts with good to excellent chemical yields (up to 92%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr). The cycloaddition reaction promoted by Cs2CO3 resulted in diastereoenriched (4R,5S)-products with >99:1 dr. However, it showed the reverse stereoselectivity as diastereoenriched (4S,5R) products when AgF was employed as the catalyst. The synthesis followed the group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry/technology in which the pure 2-imidazoline products were readily provided by washing the crude products with cosolvents of hexane and ethyl acetate.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral α-Methyl-α,β-diamino Acid Derivatives via Group-Assisted Purification Chemistry Using N-Phosphonyl Imines and a Ni(II)-Complexed Alanine Schiff Base.

The Mannich reaction between chiral N-phosphonyl imines and a Ni(II)-complexed alanine Schiff base (Ala-Ni) is reported. With a chiral phosphonyl auxiliary, a single isomer of α-methyl-α,β-diamino acid derivative containing vicinal chiral centers, including a chiral quaternary carbon center, can be obtained simply by washing the crude mixture with cosolvents. The absolute stereochemistry of the enantiomerically pure product has been unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines for an Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction via Group-Assisted Purification (GAP) Chemistry.

Seventeen examples of aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) adducts have been synthesized by reacting chiral N-phosphonyl imines with acrylonitrile in good to excellent yields (up to 96%) and high diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 dr). The synthesis of these adducts followed the method of group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry, in which the pure aza-MBH products were readily obtained by washing the crude products with cosolvents of hexane and ethyl acetate.

Asymmetric aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions of chiral N-phosphonyl imines with acrylates via GAP chemistry/technology.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imines have been proven to be efficient electrophilic acceptors for asymmetric aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) reactions with acrylates under convenient conditions. Thirty examples of β-amino acrylates were generated in high yields (up to 99.4%) and diastereoselectivity (up to >99 : 1 dr) in an atom-economical fashion. The synthesis was proved to follow the GAP (group-assisted purification) chemistry, i.e., the pure products can be obtained simply by washing the crude products with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v, 10/1) without the use of chromatography or recrystallization. DFT calculations were also conducted to support an asymmetric induction model accounting for high diastereoselectivity.

Asymmetric Carbamoyl Anion Additions to Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines via the GAP Chemistry Process and Stereoselectivity Enrichments.

Carbamoyl anions were found to smoothly react with chiral N-phosphonyl imines in toluene at −78 °C to r.t. using LiHMDS as the base. Group-assisted purification (GAP) has been utilized to give the pure amides without using column chromatography or recrystallization. The asymmetric reaction resulted in chiral N-phosphonyl amino amides with good to excellent yields (71–99%) and good crude diastereoselectivities (dr 84:16–95:5). In this GAP procedure, the crude solids are washed with diethyl ether to afford the pure products, as revealed by 1H NMR analysis; GAP washing consistently increases the diastereopurity of the products, resulting in excellent diastereoselectivities, often with final dr > 99:1. Interestingly, the diastereoenriched products can be obtained either in the ether solution or as the suspended solid, depending on the substrate.

Asymmetric synthesis of β′-amino-α,β-enones via addition of α,β-unsaturated ketone-derived enolates to chiral N-phosphonyl imines

Efficient asymmetric Mannich addition reactions between α,β-unsaturated ketone derived enolates and N-phosphonyl imines were reported. These reactions could proceed smoothly for a variety of imine substrates with good (up to 96%) chemical yields and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 98:2 dr). The method reported in this work provides an easy access to chiral β′-amino-α,β-enones.

Asymmetric C-C Bond Formation between Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines and Ni(II)-Complex of Glycine Schiff Base Provides a GAP Synthesis of α,β-syn-Diamino Acid Derivatives.

The GAP asymmetric synthesis of α,β-diamino acid derivatives has been achieved by reacting chiral N-phosphonyl imines with Ni(II)-complex of glycine ester-based enolate without the use of traditional purifications of chromatography and recrystallization. The successful control of synstereochemistry of vicinal diamino products complements our previous methods which afforded anti stereoisomers and enables all four individual isomers to be synthesized by simply changing enolate geometry. In contrast to our previous synthesis where required at least 5 equiv of glycine Schiff base enolate for complete conversion, the new synthesis only needs 1.1 equiv of glycine Schiff base enolate to give complete diastereoselectivity (>99% de) and yields (91% - 97%). The absolute stereochemistry has been unambiguously determined by X-ray structural analysis.

Asymmetric synthesis of α-amino-1,3-dithianes via chiral N-phosphonyl imine-based Umpolung reaction without using chromatography and recrystallization.

A series of α-amino-1,3-dithianes have been synthesized via the asymmetric Umpolung reaction of 2-lithio-1,3-dithianes with chiral N-phosphonyl imines in good chemical yields (up to 82%) and good to excellent diastereoselectivities (>99:1). The manner by which chiral N-phosphonyl imines are slowly added into the solution of 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane was found to be crucial for achieving excellent diastereoselectivity. The current synthesis was proven to follow the GAP chemistry (group-assistant-purification chemistry) process, which avoids traditional purification techniques of chromatography or recrystallization, i.e., the pure chiral α-amino-1,3-dithianes attached with the chiral N-phosphonyl group were readily obtained by washing the solid crude products with hexane or a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate.

The GAP chemistry for chiral N-phosphonyl imine-based Strecker reaction

Chiral N-phosphonyl imines were found to be efficient electrophiles for reaction with diethylaluminium cyanide, a non-volatile and inexpensive cyanide source. The reaction produced chiral Strecker adducts, α-aminonitriles, in excellent chemical yields (94–98%) and diastereoselectivities (95 : 5 to >99%). This synthesis was confirmed to follow the GAP chemistry (group-assistant-purification chemistry) process, which can avoid traditional chromatography and recrystallization purifications, i.e., the pure chiral α-aminonitriles bearing a chiral N-phosphonyl group can be simply obtained by washing the solid crude products with hexane. The chiral N-phosphonyl auxiliary can be easily cleaved under mildly acidic conditions and quantitatively recycled by a one-time extraction with n-butanol.

Asymmetric hydrophosphylation of chiral N-phosphonyl imines provides an efficient approach to chiral α-amino phosphonates.

Chiral N-phosphonylimines were found to react with lithium phosphites to provide various substituted chiral α-amino phosphonates in excellent yields (94-97%) and diastereoselectivities (93:7-99:1). The types of bases utilized for generating the nucleophile are crucial for the effectiveness of asymmetric induction. In addition, N,N-isopropyl group on chiral N-phosphonylimine auxilliary was proven to be superior to other protecting groups in controlling diastereoselectivity. The absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by converting a chiral α-amino phosphonate into its authentic N-Cbz derivative.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imine chemistry: an efficient asymmetric synthesis of chiral N-phosphonyl propargylamines

A variety of substituted chiral propargylamines have been synthesized by reacting chiral N-phosphonylimines with lithium aryl/alkyl acetylides. Seventeen examples were studied to give excellent yields (>90%) and diastereoselectivities (96 : 4 to 99 : 1). It was found that the types of bases for generating acetylides and solvents are crucial for effectiveness of this asymmetric reaction. In addition, N,N-isopropyl group on chiral N-phosphonylimine auxiliary was proven to be superior to other protecting groups in controlling diastereoselectivity.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imine chemistry: asymmetric additions of glycine enolate to diphenyl diamine-based phosphonyl imines

Diphenyl diamine-based phosphonyl imines attached by the N-isopropyl group in the auxiliary have been synthesized in good yields under convenient reaction conditions. These new chiral N-phosphonyl imines can react with glycine enolate smoothly to give chiral α-β diamino esters in good yields (72%–90%) and up to excellent diastereoselectivity (>99:1 dr). By treatment with HBr, the chiral auxiliary can be readily removed. The absolute structure has been unambiguously determined by converting a product to a known sample.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imine chemistry: asymmetric additions of malonate-derived enolates to chiral N-phosphonyl imines for the synthesis of β-aminomalonates

Chiral N-phosphonyl imines attached by 1-naphthyl group were found to react with lithium malonate enolates smoothly to give chiral β-aminomalonates. Good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity were achieved for sixteen examples. The chiral auxiliary can be readily removed by treating with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to give free amino malonates. The absolute structure has been unambiguously determined by converting one of the products into an authentic sample.

ChiralN-Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: Asymmetric Addition of Ketone-Derived Enolates for the Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones

New chiral N-phosphonyl imines have been synthesized in good yields under convenient reaction conditions. These chiral N-phosphonyl imines can serve as efficient electrophiles for asymmetric addition reactions with lithium ketone enolates. Good chemical yields and excellent diastereoselectivities were obtained for twelve examples. The N-1-naphthyl group of the chiral auxiliary was found to be superior to its benzyl counterpart in controlling the diastereoselectivity for this reaction. The chiral auxiliary can be readily removed by treatment with aqueous HBr in methanol at room temperature to give free p-amino ketones in high yields.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imine chemistry: asymmetric 1,2-additions of allylmagnesium bromides

Chiral N-phosphonyl homoallylic amines were synthesized by the reaction of allylmagnesium bromide with chiral N-phosphonyl imines. The C 2-symmetric chiral N-phosphonyl group was optimized for this reaction. Excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities were obtained for eight examples.

Chiral N‐Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: Asymmetric Aza‐Henry Reaction

A series of chiral N-phosphonyl imines have been synthesized and utilized successfully in asymmetric aza-Henry reaction. The chiral auxiliary was optimized for this reaction by varying different R groups on the nitrogen atoms. The reaction is convenient to perform to give excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities. The absolute stereochemistry was unambiguously determined by converting a resulting vicinal nitroamine into its N-Boc derivative which serves as a known compound.

Chiral N-phosphonyl imine chemistry: new reagents and their applications for asymmetric reactions

Novel chiral N-phosphonyl imines 2 have been designed and synthesized using chiral N-phosphoramide 1. These N-phosphonyl imines have been successfully utilized for asymmetric aza-Darzens reaction and asymmetric aza-Henry reaction. The C 2-symmetric chiral auxiliary tolerates oxidation, is not sensitive to racemization and can be recycled for large scale synthesis.