Angle Of Chip Research Articles

Optimization of tool wear and surface roughness in ST-37 steel turning process with varying tool angles and machining parameters

The process of cutting low carbon steel (ST-37) typically utilizes High-Speed Steel (HSS) tools owing to their high hardness, affordability, and ease of shaping tool geometry. In machining, tool geometry plays a crucial role in the material cutting process and determines the quality of the final product, particularly surface roughness. The objective of this research is to achieve optimal surface roughness by varying the tool geometry and nose radius. This study employed an experimental approach using ST-37 and HSS tools. The variations in tool geometry include side rake angles of 12°, 15°, and 18°; side cutting edge angles of 85°, 80°, and 75°; and nose radii of 0 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.8 mm. The machining parameters applied consist of a cutting depth of 1 mm and 2 mm, spindle rotation speeds of 185 rpm, 425 rpm, and 624 rpm, and a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, 0.075 mm/rev, and 0.1 mm/rev. Tool wear measurements were captured using a USB camera, whereas the surface roughness was assessed using a surface roughness tester. The impact of the tool geometry on the surface roughness was analyzed using the Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis (Taguchi-GRA) and ANOVA methods. The optimal combination for ST-37 lathe machining with a sharpening tool is: A1 (cutting depth 1 mm), B1 (cutting speed 17.42 m/min), C3 (feed 0.05 mm/rev), D1 (corner radius 0 mm), E3 (side rake angle γ 18°), and F3 (side cutting edge angle γ 75°). According to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), three factors—cutting speed, tool tip angle, and chip angle—should be considered to achieve minimal tool wear and desirable surface roughness during machining

The influence of parameters of linear flat bottom chip breaker on chip flow

The simulation model of cutting TC4 titanium alloy with a YG8 cemented carbide tool is established through ABAQUS. The minimum width of the chip breaker, anti-chip surface angle, bevel angle of chip breaker, and the change of chip breaker front angle at the tooltip are changed by controlling other chip breaker parameters unchanged. Orthogonal tests are established under different edge angles to analyze the influence of the relevant parameters of the chip breaker on the chip angle and the influence of the change of the chip breaker parameters on the chip angle under different inclination angles. The results show that the chip breaker parameters affect the chip flow direction. The larger the groove spacing is, the smaller the chip flow angle first decreases and then becomes stable. The chip flow angle increases with the increase of the anti-chip surface angle, bevel angle of the chip breaker, and chip breaker front angle. The larger the inclination angle is, the more obvious the influence of chip breaker parameters is.

Linkage Control Policy on Area Pacesetter and Active Compensation for Chip Angle Correction

In order to improve the optical and electrical consistency in lighting and display, light emitting diode (LED) dies should be sorted and aligned precisely one by one. As per given current production process practices, the sorting efficiency is required to be more than 36 thousand units per hour (KUPH), while the alignment deviation should not exceed 1 mil (25.4 $\mu \text{m}$ ) and all dies’ angle deviations should fall within 5°. Among all the requirements, the chip angle correction is particularly difficult to achieve because a small die correction on wafer would cause a change in all dies’ positions, leading to significant performance degradation. This results in an ambiguity, due to the difficulty in balancing efficiency and accuracy. In this article, the influence factors of the accuracy deviation caused by the angle correction are analyzed in detail, and the negative effect caused by tiny deformation of the elastic substrate is studied with comprehensive experiments. The parallel scheduling mechanism of the angle correction is analyzed, and the influences on sorting performance are evaluated with stochastic petri net (SPN) model, so that the suitable working area is disclosed. A local compensation strategy using the local deformation trend of the membrane is utilized to optimize the accuracy of precorrection. Further, the alignment area is actively compensated according to the alignment precision requirements, so that the performance and accuracy requirements are balanced. In the chip packaging field, microchip angle correction is often needed. This method is applicable to similar situation and chips are adhesive on membrane.

Flying Vision System Design of Placement Machine for Microphone

In order to achieve high speed and precision placement function, the flying vision system based on rotating mirror is proposed, the mirror is driven to rotate by the power drawn from the nozzle rise and fall movement through a rack and pinion mechanism, the nozzle pick and place functions is not interfered by mirror through designing the rack and pinion mechanism parameters. The vision system can capture an static clear chip image when the mirror rotated to a 45 $$^{\circ }$$ position referenced with horizontal position, the center position and rotating angle of chip is fast calculated by the fine and coarse Hough Transform Algorithm, the center location and angle will be corrected by the control system during the mounted head is flying to placement position. The experimental results show that the system can obtain high-quality microphone chip image, the chip’s center position and rotating angle correction algorithm can meet the high-speed placement requirements.

Biomechanical aspects of incisor action of beavers ( Castor fiber L.)

AbstractBeavers are known for their gnawing performance, e.g., felling trees. Even though this is well known, the biomechanics of it are not, and so this is the focus of this study. The lower incisors work as main cutting tools so that their technical parameters were studied. There are 3 angles (adding to 90°) of importance in cutting: 1) the wedge angle, the angle of the incisor tip; 2) the clearance angle between tooth and material (tree trunk); and 3) the chip angle between incisor tip and the perpendicular to the surface of the trunk. Cutting is usually oblique to the wood fibers. For technical wood cutting tools, an optimal wedge angle of 27° is known under certain conditions, and for the incisor of Castor fiber the wedge angle was determined using micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) scans to be 26.95°. Potential cutting forces of beavers were estimated for wood chips (2mm in thickness) of 3 sample tree species. For plum trees hardness forces ranged from 246 to 328N, and for maples from 190 to 254N. Finite element analyses were performed to determine stresses in the incisor under different loads on the incisor tip. Three hypotheses concerning gnawing were posed and are supported by the data: 1) The shape of the cutting blade of the incisor determines the geometry of wood chips and ultimately the maximum wood hardness that can be cut. 2) Clearance angle and maximum gape determine the maximum diameter of a tree that can be cut (if rough bark is neglected). 3) Functionally most importantly the lower incisors are optimized in shape and supporting tissue for compression stress with all forces being transmitted along the locations of the center of gravity in theoretical cross sections within the tooth, so that only compression occurs under load.