Chinese Type Research Articles

Ting or Chinese pavilion: The history of a Chinese architectural type and its translation in transcultural scholarship

The translation of Chinese architectural types in transcultural scholarship faces two primary challenges: The ambiguous meaning of the term within its original cultural context and the broad connotations and usages of the corresponding English term, which often exceed those of the original. The Chinese architectural type ting, in particular, has been variously translated as “kiosk,” “gazebo,” and “pavilion” in previous scholarship. These translations, however, influenced by European architectural history, have led to inaccuracies, compounded by inconsistent references to other building types such as ge and xie. A chronological review of ting’s architectural reveals significant changes in its historical forms and functions. In the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), ting was primarily a military facility of considerable height, later transitioning during the Wei-Jin dynasties (220 – 420) into a geographical landmark and a venue for literati activities. By the Tang dynasty (618 – 907), its elevated structure diminished, and its role in literati culture became more versatile. During the Song dynasty (960 – 1279), ting evolved into a roofed open structure, closely associated with xie in the Yingzao Fashi. By the Ming (1368 – 1644) and Qing (1644 – 1912) dynasties, ting had stabilized as “an architecture with a roof but without enclosing walls,” characterized by its great flexibility in construction. This historical complexity makes coining a singular equivalent term for ting inadequate. Instead, this article advocates for thick translations that situate ting within its spatial-temporal context through illustrations, annotations, and detailed explanations, addressing its intricate historical and cultural nuances alongside related building types.

Real-world safety of dapagliflozin plus metformin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: Post-hoc analysis of the DONATE study.

DONATE (NCT03156985) is a large-scale real-world study investigating the safety of dapagliflozin in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This post-hoc analysis aims to further evaluate the real-world safety of dapagliflozin plus metformin. Safety outcomes were assessed in patients receiving concomitant dapagliflozin and metformin, with or without other antidiabetics. The safety of dapagliflozin-based dual-therapies and dapagliflozin and metformin-based triple-therapies were also analysed. Among the 2,990 patients in DONATE, 2,165 (72.4 %) received concomitant metformin. Among these 2,165 patients, 780 (36.0 %) experienced ≥ 1 adverse event (AE), 129 (6.0 %) experienced serious AE (SAE), and 96 (4.4 %) experienced AE leading to dapagliflozin discontinuation. The most common AEs were upper respiratory tract infection (4.0 %), urinary tract infection (UTI, 2.1 %) and constipation (1.5 %). The most common AEs of special interest of dapagliflozin were UTI (2.3 %), genital tract infection (1.5 %) and hypoglycaemia (1.1 %). In the dapagliflozin and metformin dual-therapy subgroup, the incidences of AE, SAE and AE leading to dapagliflozin discontinuation were 26.7 %, 2.5 %, and 1.9 %, respectively, numerically lower than that of the total population and most other dual-therapy subgroups. These patients also had numerically improved metabolic outcomes than baseline. Dapagliflozin and metformin combination therapy is well-tolerated in real-world Chinese T2DM patients.

Exploring the correlation between knee osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal ultrasound manifestations based on changes in traditional Chinese medical syndrome types.

This study explores the correlation between knee osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal ultrasound manifestations based on changes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types. The study enrolled 104 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM between January 2019 and January 2021. According to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM, the patients were divided into wind-cold-damp obstruction (n = 17), damp-heat accumulation (n = 22), qi-stagnation and blood stasis (n = 31), and liver and kidney deficiency (n = 34) types. The degrees of cartilage injury, synovial hyperplasia, synovial blood flow, and joint effusion in patients with different TCM syndrome types were compared using ultrasound. There were no significant differences in the degree of cartilage injury or synovial hyperplasia among the 4 TCM syndrome types (P > .05). The proportion of grade III blood flow signals in the liver and kidney deficiency group was lower than that in the damp-heat accumulation and wind-cold-damp obstruction groups, and the proportion of no blood flow and grade I blood flow signals were higher than those in the damp-heat accumulation and wind-cold-damp obstruction groups (P < .05). The proportion of non-joint effusion in the liver and kidney deficiency and wind-cold-damp obstruction groups was higher than that in the damp-heat accumulation and qi-stagnation and blood stasis groups (P < .05), and the proportion of grade I effusion in the damp-heat accumulation group was higher than that in the liver and kidney deficiency group (P < .05). Musculoskeletal ultrasound manifestations of knee osteoarthritis are related to TCM syndrome differentiation and classification and can provide a reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Development and external validation of an algorithm for self-identification of risk for microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), are common and serious outcomes of inadequately managed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Timely detection and intervention in these complications are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop and externally validate machine learning (ML) models for self-identification of microvascular complication risks in T1D population. Utilizing data from the Chinese Type 1 Diabetes Comprehensive Care Pathway program, 911 T1D patients and 15 patient self-reported variables were included. Combined with XGBoost algorithm and cross-validation, self-identification models were constructed with 5 variables selected by feature importance ranking. For external validation, an online survey was conducted within a nationwide T1D online community (N = 157). The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) was adopted as the main metric to evaluate the model performance. The SHapley Additive exPlanation was utilized for model interpretation. The prevalence rates of microvascular complications in the development set and external validation set were as follows: DR 7.0% and 12.7% (p = 0.013), DN 5.9% and 3.2% (p = 0.162) and DPN 10.5% and 20.4% (p < 0.001). The models demonstrated the AUROC values of 0.889 for DR, 0.844 for DN and 0.839 for DPN during internal validation. For external validation, the AUROC values achieved 0.762 for DR, 0.718 for DN and 0.721 for DPN. ML models, based on self-reported data, have the potential to serve as a self-identification tool, empowering T1D patients to understand their risks outside of hospital settings and encourage early engagement with healthcare services.

Implications of comprehensive geriatric assessment and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution types for integrative geriatric care

BackgroundComplementary medicine may enhance conventional geriatric care, but clinical guidance for incorporating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the link between TCM body constitutions and comprehensive geriatric assessment scores in older adults. MethodThis prospective observational study recruited 100 participants aged 65 and older between January 2020 and December 2021. Each participant underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments, including the Body Constitution Questionnaire, functional tests, and comprehensive geriatric assessment questionnaires evaluating depression, activities of daily living, nutrition, cognition, comorbidities, frailty, and sensory impairments. ResultsIncreasing age, polypharmacy, and impaired Timed Up and Go Test performance were associated with abnormal TCM body constitutions, while sarcopenia was not. Specific geriatric domains significantly linked to abnormal constitutions included impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), cognitive function, hearing, sleep, and urinary continence (all p < 0.05). Individuals with more than five affected geriatric domains were more likely to exhibit an abnormal constitution. Logistic regression identified sleep disturbances and dependence in ADLs as potential risk factors for developing an abnormal constitution. ConclusionThis study elucidates key geriatric syndrome components linked to abnormal TCM constitutions in older adults, including hearing, sleep, continence, functional and cognitive impairments. Multiple affected geriatric domains increased the likelihood of an abnormal constitution. These findings inform holistic TCM-integrated care by identifying areas for targeted interventions to address constitutional abnormalities and promote healthy aging.

Cost-utility analysis of once-weekly insulin icodec and once-daily insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving basal-bolus insulin therapy in China.

The purpose of this study is to explore the rational pricing range for the once-weekly administration of insulin icodec in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients in China who have already received basal insulin therapy. The data foundation of this study originates from the ONWARDS 4 clinical trial and research materials on Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. By comprehensively applying cost-utility analysis methods and binary search techniques, the appropriate price positioning of insulin icodec was determined from the perspective of China's healthcare system. In the long-term treatment simulation, we found that insulin icodec and insulin glargine performed similarly in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), with 10.15 and 10.07 years, respectively. Although the annual cost of insulin icodec was initially assumed to be equivalent to that of insulin glargine, in-depth analysis revealed that insulin icodec may have higher cost-effectiveness potential. Further price sensitivity analysis indicated that the reasonable cost range of insulin icodec lies between $851.95 and $1358.25. After fine-tuning through univariate sensitivity analysis, this cost range was revised to $784.90 to $1145.96, a conclusion that was robustly validated in subsequent probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario simulations. The conclusion drawn from this study is that, with insulin glargine as the cost reference, the economic cost of insulin icodec for Chinese type 2 diabetes patients is expected to range from $784.90 to $1145.96, providing a reference basis for clinical decision-making and healthcare policy formulation.

Association between Remnant Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese Adults: Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015-2017).

Remnant cholesterol (RC) is highly associated with several chronic diseases. However, the relationship between RC and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. The study's objective is to illustrate the relationship of RC to MetS. The data were collected from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015-2017), which included personal, household and dietary information. A total of 65,618 residents aged 20 years or older from 31 provinces in mainland China were included in this study. RC was calculated by the equation RC = TC - (LDL-C + HDL-C). The criteria for MetS were based on the 2020 Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Guidelines. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship between RC and MetS and every MetS component. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to evaluate the accuracy of RC in identifying MetS, and the area under the curve (AUC) and the best threshold were calculated. The weighted RC level of Chinese residents aged 20 years or older was 0.48 mmol/L. Participants with high RC levels were likely to be elderly, have a higher prevalence of MetS, higher total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hba1c, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Sex, body mass index (BMI), education status, household yearly income per capita, marital status, area of the country, residence location, smoking status, fruit intake and sleep time had statistical differences in the RC group (p < 0.05). The OR of MetS gradually increased with an increase in the RC quartile (p < 0.01), and higher quartiles of RC (Q4) suggested the highest MetS risk. The prevalence of each MetS component gradually increased with an increase in the RC quartile. The ROC curve found that to identify MetS, the AUC and best threshold of RC were 0.71 and 0.52 mmol/L, respectively. RC had a positive association with MetS and each MetS component. The accuracy in identifying MetS was higher in RC than in other indexes. The current study could provide new scientific evidence for the early prevention and control of MetS.

Correction of collection number errors in the protologues of twenty-three names of Chinese vascular plants

Examination and collation of Chinese type specimens from the University Herbarium, University of California, the Harvard University Herbaria and the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of New York Botanical Garden led to the discovery of errors in the designation of type specimens in the protologues of several names. Following Article 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code, 2018), typographical errors in the citation of collection numbers in the protologues of 23 Chinese vascular plants were corrected.

Chinese Type 56 Semi-automatic Rifles Produced at Factory 296

The Type 56 SKS is the most-produced Chinese rifle. Not only did it serve as the primary infantry rifle for the Chinese and North Vietnamese armies between the 1960s and 1980s, it has also become extremely popular on the foreign civilian market, with millions exported from China. As a result of this popularity, factories for the production of components for these rifles proliferated around China—the author grew up next to one of these facilities. Drawing on a range of Chinese-language primary and secondary sources, as well as referencing the author’s own collection of Type 56 SKS rifles, this article provides an in-depth review of the rifle’s origin, technology transfer from the Soviet Union, and Chinese production of the rifle at Factory 296, the facility in which it was produced in the largest numbers. Rifle markings, serial numbering, and modifications are also discussed in detail.

The association of weight-adjusted waist index with the risk of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes with bone health has always been a topic of debate. The weight-adjusted waist index has become a commonly used indicator for assessing central obesity, fat, and muscle mass. However, currently there is no research reporting the association between weight-adjusted waist index and risk of osteoporosis in populations of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to provide new information on the association between weight-adjusted waist index and risk of osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 963 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Cangzhou Central Hospital. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between weight-adjusted waist index and osteoporosis. The potential nonlinear association was evaluated. The effects of interaction between subgroups were assessed using the likelihood ratio test.ResultsWeight-adjusted waist index was positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis, regardless of traditional confounding factors. For each 1 unit increased in weight-adjusted waist index, the risk of osteoporosis increased by 67%. Furthermore, there was a nonlinear relationship between weight-adjusted waist index and osteoporosis. The subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant interactions.ConclusionsOur study indicated a positive association between weight-adjusted waist index and the risk of osteoporosis in adult Chinese type 2 diabetes patients, and this relationship was nonlinear.

Association of conventional and electronic cigarette use with suicidality in Chinese adolescents: The moderating effect of sex and school type

BackgroundTo estimate the prevalence of lifetime e-cigarette use and explore the association between lifetime conventional and electronic cigarette use with suicidality among Chinese adolescents, focusing on sex and school-type differences. MethodsA total of 22,509 students from 432 classes in 80 schools were recruited in Guangdong Province using a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method in 2021. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect information. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed and stratification analysis was conducted. All analyses were weighted and adjusted for the complex survey design. ResultsThe weighted prevalence of lifetime e-cigarette use among adolescents in Guangdong Province was 8.7 % (4.3 % were dual users and 4.4 % were e-cigarette-only users) and 2.6 % were conventional-cigarette-only users. Lifetime e-cigarette-only users (AOR [Adjusted OR] =1.46, 95 % CI = 1.21–1.76), conventional-cigarette-only users (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.58–2.46) and dual users (AOR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.38–2.02) were at a higher risk of suicidal ideation than non-users. Lifetime e-cigarette-only users (AOR = 2.03, 95 % CI = 1.53–2.70), conventional-cigarette-only users (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.42–2.73), and dual users (AOR = 2.76, 95 % CI = 2.10–3.61) had a significantly higher risk of suicide attempts than non-users. After further analysis stratified by sex and school type, the associations of lifetime cigarette use patterns with suicidality slightly varied. LimitationThe cross-sectional study design and self-report information. ConclusionThe prevalence of e-cigarettes among Chinese adolescents is concerning. Lifetime conventional and e-cigarette use were associated with suicidality among Chinese adolescents, with sex and school type moderating these associations. Targeted measures to restrict cigarette use, including new tobacco product (e-cigarette) use, among adolescents are warranted.

Validation of the 12-item Gamification User Types Hexad Scale in 1,610 Hong Kong Young Gamers

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale (Hexad) and validate the 12-item short version (Hexad-12) in the Chinese context. An online survey recruited 1,610 young gamers aged between 11 and 29 (mean age = 23.1, SD = 4.18) in Hong Kong between May and June 2023, who completed the Hexad-24 and other validated measures. Factorial validity and measurement invariance of Hexad were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity of Hexad factors was examined with demographic and gaming characteristics, social support, internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and hikikomori. The 6-factor model provided mediocre fits (comparative fit index &lt; 0.90 and standardized root mean square residuals &gt; 0.07) to the original 24-item Hexad but adequate fits (comparative fit index = 0.97 and standardized root mean square residuals &lt; 0.04) to Hexad-12 in split samples with substantial factor loadings and acceptable reliability. The Hexad-12 factors showed scalar measurement invariance across gender, age groups, and game genre. Disruptor was positively and moderately to strongly correlated with IGD and depressive symptoms, hikikomori, and suicidal ideation. Philanthropist and socializer were positively and moderately correlated with social support and meaning in life; free-spirits and achievers were negatively and weakly correlated with IGD and depressive symptoms, hikikomori, and suicidal ideation. The present findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for the Hexad-12, supporting its use for brief assessment of Chinese gamers' user types.

Risk evaluation for diabetic retinopathy in Chinese renal-biopsied type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

To investigate diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in Chinese renal-biopsied type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with kidney dysfunction, and to further evaluate its relationship with diabetic nephropathy (DN) incidence and the risk factors for DR development in this population. A total of 84 renal-biopsied T2DM patients were included. Fundus and imaging examinations were employed for DR diagnosis. Demographic information and clinical measures along with renal histopathology were analyzed for comparisons between the DR and non-DR groups. Risk factors on DR development were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. DR prevalence was 50% in total. The incidences of DN, non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) and mixed-type pathology were 47.6%, 19.0% and 33.3% in the DR group respectively, while 11.9%, 83.3% and 4.8% in the non-DR group. Systolic blood pressure, ratio of urinary albumin to creatine ratio, urinary albumin, 24-hours urinary protein, the incidence and severity of DN histopathology were found statistically increased in the DR group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed histopathological DN incidence significantly increased the risk of DR development [odds ratio (OR)=21.664, 95% confidential interval (CI) 5.588 to 83.991, P<0.001 for DN, and OR=45.475, 95%CI 6.949 to 297.611, P<0.001 for mixed-type, respectively, in reference to NDRD)], wherein DN severity positively correlated. Renal histopathological evidence indicates DN incidence and severity increases the risk of DR development in Chinese T2DM patients inexperienced of regular fundus examinations.

Development and validation of 10-year risk prediction models of cardiovascular disease in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care using interpretable machine learning-based methods.

To develop 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) managed in primary care using machine learning (ML) methods. In this 10-year population-based retrospective cohort study, 141 516 Chinese T2DM patients aged 18 years or above, without history of CVD or end-stage renal disease and managed in public primary care clinics in 2008, were included and followed up until December 2017. Two-thirds of the patients were randomly selected to develop sex-specific CVD risk prediction models. The remaining one-third of patients were used as the validation sample to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the models. ML-based methods were applied to missing data imputation, predictor selection, risk prediction modelling, model interpretation, and model evaluation. Cox regression was used to develop the statistical models in parallel for comparison. During a median follow-up of 9.75 years, 32 445 patients (22.9%) developed CVD. Age, T2DM duration, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), systolic blood pressure variability and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variability were the most important predictors. ML models also identified nonlinear effects of several predictors, particularly the U-shaped effects of eGFR and body mass index. The ML models showed a Harrell's C statistic of >0.80 and good calibration. The ML models performed significantly better than the Cox regression models in CVD risk prediction and achieved better risk stratification for individual patients. Using routinely available predictors and ML-based algorithms, this study established 10-year CVD risk prediction models for Chinese T2DM patients in primary care. The findings highlight the importance of renal function indicators, and variability in both blood pressure and HbA1c as CVD predictors, which deserve more clinical attention. The derived risk prediction tools have the potential to support clinical decision making and encourage patients towards self-care, subject to further research confirming the models' feasibility, acceptability and applicability at the point of care.

Deep permutation type design for Chinese characters

With their intricate visual structure and cultural significance, Chinese characters present a unique realm for exploration in graphic design. However, the integration of graphic elements, such as two-dimensional primitives that are not limited to straight or curved strokes, into Chinese-type design relies mainly on the designer’s intuition. This paper investigates the application of deep permutation design methods to Chinese type design to explore the esthetic potential of graphic-based type design in a systematic and algorithmic manner. For this purpose, we propose a novel framework and present an implementation named ‘Permutype’, which operates in three phases: representation, generation, and evaluation. Through a series of visual experiments, we demonstrate how our framework promotes novel permutations and esthetic possibilities for Chinese characters. The methodology offers flexible graphics and exhaustive optimal scheme searches based on objective criteria and has the potential for extensive font libraries.

Tennis ball cord combined with endoscopy for giant gastric phytobezoar: A case report

BACKGROUND Due to the specificity of Chinese food types, gastric phytobezoars are relatively common in China. Most gastric phytobezoars can be removed by chemical enzyme lysis and endoscopic fragmentation, but the treatment for large phytobezoars is limited, and surgical procedures are often required for this difficult problem. CASE SUMMARY For giant gastric phytobezoars that cannot be dissolved and fragmented by conventional treatment, we have invented a new lithotripsy technique (tennis ball cord combined with endoscopy) for these phytobezoars. This non-interventional treatment was successful in a patient whose abdominal pain was immediately relieved, and the gastroscope-induced ulcer healed well 3 d after lithotripsy. The patient was followed-up for 8 wk postoperatively and showed no discomfort such as abdominal pain. CONCLUSION The combination of tennis ball cord and endoscopy for the treatment of giant gastric phytobezoars is feasible and showed high safety and effectiveness, and can be widely applied in hospitals of all sizes.

MDI versus CSII in Chinese adults with type 1 diabetes in a real-world situation: based on propensity score matching method

BackgroundCompared with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is significantly more expensive and has not been widely used in Chinese type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. So there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding clinical and patient-reported outcomes in China.AimsThis study aims to compare the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin therapy related quality of life (ITR-QOL), fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) of adult T1DM patients treated with MDI and CSII based on propensity score matching in real-world conditions in China.MethodsFour hundred twenty adult T1DM patients who were treated with MDI or CSII continuously for more than 12 months in a national metabolic center from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Their QOL and FOH were evaluated with Insulin Therapy Related Quality of Life Measure Questionnaire-Chinese version (ITR-QOL-CV) and the Chinese Version Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Worry Scale (CHFSII-WS), and their HbA1C were collected at the same time. Potential confounding variables between the two groups were matched using propensity score matching.ResultsOf the 420 patients included in the study, 315 were in MDI group and 105 were in CSII group. 102 pairs were successfully matched. After matching, the total score of ITR-QOL-CV scale in CSII group was significantly higher than that in MDI group (87.08 ± 13.53 vs. 80.66 ± 19.25, P = 0.006). Among them, the dimensions of daily life, social life, and psychological state were all statistically different (P < 0.05). The scores of CHFSII-WS (8.33 ± 3.49 vs. 11.77 ± 5.27, P = 0.003) and HbA1C (7.19 ± 1.33% vs. 7.71 ± 1.93%, P = 0.045) in CSII group were lower than those in MDI group.Conclusions25.0% of T1DM adults are treated with CSII. Compared with adult T1DM patients treated with MDI, those treated with CSII have higher ITR-QOL, less FoH, and better control of HbA1C in real-world conditions in China. Therefore, regardless of economic factors, CSII is recommended for adult T1DM patients to optimize the therapeutic effect and outcomes.

Study on the value of Inhibin B in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its correlation with traditional Chinese medicine syndromes: An observational study.

To investigate the expression of Inhibin B between various clinical stages, Chinese medicine dialectic typing, and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and serum, and to evaluate the potential of Inhibin B as a new biomarker for NPC. Paraffin specimens of pathologically confirmed NPC tissues and paracancerous tissues were retrospectively collected, and the expression of Inhibin α (INHA) and Inhibin βB (INHBB) was detected by SP method, and their relationship with clinicopathological indexes was analyzed; in addition, patients with NPC who had received radiotherapy were included as the study subjects, and Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA), INHA, and INHBB in patients were detected by using the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescent immuno-sandwiching method, respectively. EBV-DNA, EBV-viral capsid antigen-immunoglobulin A (VCA IgA), INHA, and INHBB were detected in the patients, respectively, and their relationships with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns were also analyzed. The expression of INHA and INHBB in NPC tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the expression of INHA in NPC patients was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical staging, and TCM staging; the levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA were higher than that of healthy populations in NPC patients and were higher than that of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II, and the levels of INHA and INHBB were lower than those of healthy populations and were lower than those of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II. The levels of INHA and INHBB in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were lower than those in healthy people, and the levels in stage III + IV patients were lower than those in stage I + II patients. The levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were correlated with the Chinese medicine patterns, and had different patterns. The expression of Inhibin B may be related to the progression of NPC, and it has certain typing significance for different TCM syndromes of NPC, which is helpful for TCM typing diagnosis.

Positive Correlation between BMI and Left Ventricle and Atrium Inside Diameter Size in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Left Ventricular and Atrial Enlargement.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly exhibit overlooked left ventricular and atrial hypertrophy. This research identifies potential risk factors and intervention targets. T2DM patients with normal ejection fraction values were enrolled, while we eliminated influences on heart size, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Variables for each participant, including height, weight, age, body mass index (BMI), and blood biochemistry, were recorded before patients were categorized into four groups based on heart size. Multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation analyses were applied to investigate the possible correlations. Three years of clinical data were collected for each T2DM patient, while patients with incomplete data or interference factors affecting heart size were excluded. BMI, adjusted fasting blood glucose (FBG), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and age all showed a significant positive correlation with the inner diameter of the left ventricle and atrium in groups exhibiting hypertrophy. In T2DM patients, BMI correlated positively with left ventricular enlargement, suggesting its potential role as a risk factor. Weight control may be an effective intervention for left ventricular enlargement, to reduce the likelihood of heart failure.

Characterizing the 70-gene MammaPrint risk stratification in Chinese luminal type breast cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, immune and metabolic functions.

e12559 Background: The 70-gene MammaPrint is endorsed by the NCCN guidelines for predicting 5-year distant metastasis risk in HR+, HER2-, with 0-3 lymph nodes, early invasive breast cancer. Similarly, it is recommended by the CSCO breast cancer guidelines for prognostic assessment post breast cancer surgery. However, no prior studies have investigated its application in Chinese luminal-type breast patients or its correlation with immune and metabolic functions. Methods: This analysis encompasses 76 early-stage invasive Luminal breast cancer patients, registered at the First People's Hospital of Foshan between 2020 and 2023, with recorded clinical characteristics under informed consent. Patient-reported data include clinical features, pathology, and the 70-gene MammaPrint risk of recurrence. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis was conducted in 24 patients. Results: Among 76 enrolled patients,55.3% were categorized as MammaPrint low risk (MP-Low), and 44.7% as MammaPrint high risk (MP-High). Patients over 50 were more likely MP-Low (p=0.028, OR=2.860), while those with &gt;20% Ki67-stained cells were prone to MP-High (p&lt;0.001, OR=0.160). Comparing with MINDACT, there was 52.3% consistency, with 55.6% of MP-Low patients being C-Low (MINDACT risk Low) and 47.1% of MP-High patients being C-High (MINDACT risk High). Notably,21% of C-Low patients showed MP-High risk, and 27% of C-High patients exhibited MP-Low risk, of which 83.3% were ≥50 years old. Based on MINDACT and ISPY2 trial outcomes, patients were further categorized into four groups: MP-Ultralow, MP-Low but not ultralow (LNUL), MP-High but not ultrahigh (HNUH) and MP-Ultrahigh. The study identified an 18% MP-Ultralow population, suggesting that excessive adjuvant therapy might be avoided in these patients. Additionally, 41% of patients were identified as LNUL group, indicating potential benefit from adjuvant treatment or endocrine prolongation therapy. 4% were identified as MP-Ultrahigh group, suggesting potential benefits from neoadjuvant targeted therapy, albeit a poorer long-term benefit in the non-pCR portion. Further transcriptome analysis in 24 patients revealed significantly higher levels of Th2 cells in the MP-High group, with no significant difference observed in CD8 T cells between the two groups. Meanwhile, metabolic-related signatures also differed, with significantly higher levels of Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Heme, and Epinephrine biosynthesis in the MP-Low group. Conclusions: This study elucidates the intricate relationships between MammaPrint prediction results of 70 genes and clinical characteristics, immune and metabolic signatures in Chinese Luminal type breast cancer patients. The refined risk classification provides valuable insights for precision treatment, advancing personalized therapeutic strategies.