Chinese Research Academy Of Environmental Sciences Research Articles

Effect of acute PM2.5 exposure on PTGS2 and RNA m6A modification

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a prevalent risk factor in many diseases, but its molecular mechanism remains ambiguous and may be diverse. RNA m6A is an important epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Some previous animal exposure studies found that PM2.5 exposure up-regulated m6A RNA methylation in the lung, but there is no research on m6A RNA methylation in humans from PM2.5 exposure now. Here, in the present experiment, we performed a panel study of 65 students at the Chinese research academy of environmental sciences (CRAES) with 3 rounds of follow-up visits from August 2021 to January 2022. We examined m6A RNA modification profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects after low and high concentrations of ambient PM2.5 exposure. We applied a linear mixed-effect (LME) model to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and global m6A RNA methylation and PTGS2 level in peripheral blood. We found that increased levels of global m6A RNA methylation and PTGS2 level were associated with higher PM2.5 exposure. Among the methylated mRNAs, PTGS2 was hyper-methylated after high concentrations of PM2.5 exposure, which coincided with the increased expression of PTGS2 mRNA. In the present study, we determined that PM2.5 exposure promoted RNA m6A modification, and PTGS2 in peripheral blood could serve as a novel regulatory factor of inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, RNA m6A modification may contribute to the altered expression of PTGS2 induced by PM2.5 exposure. Our finding provided a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5 exposure-induced adverse health effects.

Influence of different concentrations of ozone on the alteration of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in human peripheral blood

By now, O3 pollution has become a main environmental problem. O3 is a prevalent risk factor for many diseases, but the regulatory factors linking O3 and diseases remain ambiguous. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the genetic material in mitochondria, which plays a key role in the production of respiratory ATP. Due to a lack of histone protection, mtDNA is easily damaged by ROS, and O3 is an important source to stimulate the production of endogenous ROS in vivo. Therefore, we logically speculate that O3 exposure can alter mtDNA copy number by the induction of ROS. In the present study, we performed a panel study of 65 MSc students at the Chinese research academy of environmental sciences (CRAES) with 3 rounds of follow-up visits from August 2021 to January 2022. We examined the mtDNA copy numbers in the peripheral blood of subjects using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear mixed-effect (LME) model and stratified analysis were used to investigate the association between O3 exposure and mtDNA copy numbers. We found a dynamic process of the association between the concentration of O3 exposure and the mtDNA copy number in the peripheral blood. The lower concentration of O3 exposure did not affect the mtDNA copy number. As the concentration of O3 exposure increased, the mtDNA copy number also increased. While, when O3 exposure reached a certain concentration, a decrease in mtDNA copy number was found. This correlation between the concentration of O3 and the mtDNA copy number could be ascribed to the severity of cellular damage induced by O3 exposure. Our results provide a new perspective for the discovery of a biomarker of O3 exposure and health response, as well as for the prevention and treatment of adverse health effects caused by different concentrations of O3.

An experimental application of laser-scattering sensor to estimate the traffic-induced PM2.5 in Beijing.

Traffic-induced air pollutant emissions are currently rising rapidly. However, measurement of the roadside environment and calculation of the emission factors for traffic-induced PM2.5 are restricted to certain locations and periods due to the limitations of conventional air monitoring techniques. This paper introduces a portable sensor package with a laser light-scattering PM2.5 sensor and an electrochemical CO sensor to measure roadside PM2.5 and CO concentrations. The low-cost sensor package underwent local calibration using reference instruments at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). The results showed a high level of correlation (r in the range of 0.94-0.95 and 0.81-0.83 for PM2.5 and CO, respectively) between measurements using the sensor packages and those measured by the reference equipment. The study found that the low-cost sensor packages were able to deliver reliable measurements of PM2.5 and CO concentrations. Four low-cost sensor packages were deployed along a short section of an expressway to measure roadside PM2.5 and CO concentrations. The directly measured concentrations were firstly calibrated with the temperature and humidity. The corrected PM2.5 concentrations from each side of the road were different, while the corrected CO concentrations were similar on both sides of the road. Therefore, only the PM2.5 measurements were applied in this study's box model. The assumption of perfect mixing in order for the box model to be applied was shown by the results to be valid to some extent. The PM2.5 emission factors for opposite sides of the road should be calculated separately based on the direction of traffic flow. The PM2.5 emission factors calculated in this study were variable, being impacted by traffic conditions and meteorological conditions. The paper presents a method for obtaining PM2.5 emission factors based on a box model. This method is a promising way of monitoring air pollution in the roadside environment.

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

ABSTRACTChina Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS, www.speciate.org.cn), a new database of emission source profiles for particulate matter (PM), has been developed by researchers from Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). The first release of CSPSS 1.0 consists of comprehensive data from China that reveals the emission profiles of different sources in selected regions. Related source categories include coal-fired boiler, industrial process, fugitive dust, vehicle exhaust emissions, biomass burning and cooking. Compositing methodology and data quality control were applied to create high quality composite profiles of each source category. Statistical measures of correlation coefficient, t-test and and distribution of weighted differences can be used to compare the similarities and differences among individual and composite profiles. In addition, differences between data of SPECIATE and CSPSS were compared. The chemical composition shows special characteristics in different source categories. For example, SO42– and OC mark coal-fired bolier; Ca and Ca2+ are the most abundant elements in cement production and construction dust emissions; Cl–, K+ and K mark biomass burning; several metals such as V, Zn Sn and Pb could be used as tracers for paved road dust while Sr, Ba and Pb marked industrial emissions. The highest abundances of organic matter are observed in cooking emissions. Toxic species such as Cr and As are enriched in PM2.5 from coal combustion. Distinguished features of source profiles between SPECIATE and CSPSS indicate that the knowledge of local source profiles are needed for further research. This database should better reflect the emission profiles observed in Chinese environment. Sensitivity tests have been conducted to examine the impact of sub-composite source profiles usually used to establish the composite ones. The result shows that the use of sub-composite source profiles of coal combustion dose not impact the apportionment results for biomass burning, but other sources are varying influenced.

Gravimetric analysis for PM2.5 mass concentration based on year-round monitoring at an urban site in Beijing

Daily PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of below 2.5μm) mass concentrations were measured by gravimetric analysis in Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), in the northern part of the Beijing urban area, from December 2013 to April 2015. Two pairs of Teflon (T1/T2) and Quartz (Q1/Q2) samples were obtained, for a total number of 1352 valid filters. Results showed elevated pollution in Beijing, with an annual mean PM2.5 mass concentration of 102μg/m3. According to the calculated PM2.5 mass concentration, 50% of our sampling days were acceptable (PM2.5<75μg/m3), 30% had slight/medium pollution (75–150μg/m3), and 7% had severe pollution (> 250μg/m3). Sampling interruption occurred frequently for the Teflon filter group (75%) in severe pollution periods, resulting in important data being missing. Further analysis showed that high PM2.5 combined with high relative humidity (RH) gave rise to the interruptions. The seasonal variation of PM2.5 was presented, with higher monthly average mass concentrations in winter (peak value in February, 422μg/m3), and lower in summer (7μg/m3 in June). From May to August, the typical summer period, least severe pollution events were observed, with high precipitation levels accelerating the process of wet deposition to remove PM2.5. The case of February presented the most serious pollution, with monthly averaged PM2.5 of 181μg/m3 and 32% of days with severe pollution. The abundance of PM2.5 in winter could be related to increased coal consumption for heating needs.

濒危种螺蛳对典型附着藻的摄食特性及其在洱海流域恢复的可行性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 濒危种螺蛳对典型附着藻的摄食特性及其在洱海流域恢复的可行性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402240314 作者: 作者单位: 中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国环境科学研究院,中国地质大学(北京) 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家"十二五"重大水专项洱海专项(2012ZX07105-002) Study on Margarya melanioides' feeding characteristics towards four attached algae and its potential restoration in Erhai basin Author: Affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),China University of Geosciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过实验室小试研究濒临灭绝物种螺蛳(Margarya melanioides)对舟形藻(Naviculaceae sp.)、菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)、孟氏颤藻(Planktothrixmougeotii)以及四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)4种典型附着藻类的摄食探讨其摄食生态学特性,调查海菜花(Ottelia acuminate)养殖塘中藻的群落结构及水体的pH值、光照、溶解氧(DO)、温度等环境,从摄食生态学角度分析,探讨螺蛳在洱海流域恢复的可行性。摄食实验结果显示:螺蛳对实验选取四种藻摄食率关系为舟形藻>菱形藻>孟氏颤藻>四尾栅藻。对舟形藻摄食的影响因素研究结果表明在温度为25℃时其摄食强度最大,摄食率(IR)为(2.19±0.16)mg个-1 d-1;螺蛳在光照为0-10000lx的范围内均有较强的摄食活动,摄食活动最适宜的光照强度区间为1000-2000lx,摄食率IR均达到3.0 mg个-1 d-1以上;溶解氧DO对其摄食活动影响显著,当DO大于3.6mg/L时螺蛳摄食活跃,低于1mg/L时螺蛳基本停止摄食;螺蛳摄食率大小跟螺蛳重量呈显著负相关P < 0.05。洱海流域海菜花塘水体的调查结果得出海菜花塘的pH值、光照、DO、温度以及藻等环境因子均适合螺蛳生存繁衍,可通过构建海菜花湿地来实现螺蛳的保种与扩增恢复。 Abstract:Margarya melanioidesis endemic to the plateau lakes of Yunnan Province. In the early 1990s, it was the dominant benthicfauna species in the Lake Erhai basin. However, it is now facing extinction To further understand the feasibility of M.melanioides' restoration in Ottelia acuminate ponds within the Erhai basin from a feeding ecology view, the feeding ecology of the endangered snail towards four typical attached algae in the Erhai basin was studied using a small scale cultivation experiment. The algae were Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp., Planktothrixmougeotii, and Scenedesmus quadricauda. The feeding results showed that M. melanioides preferred to feed on Navicula.sp. under the same experiment conditions. The ingestion rate for the algae was as followed the order:Navicula sp. Nitzschia sp. Planktothrixmougeotii Scenedesmus quadricauda. The effects of the temperature, illumination, and dissolved oxygen(DO) on the ingestion rate of M.melanioides that weighed about 30 grams was studied by feedingthem Navicula sp. The results showed that all these factors had a significant impact on M. melanioides' feeding. A temperature rise from 10℃ to 25℃ increased the ingestion rate increased until it reached a maximum(2.19± 0.16)mg ind-1 d-1(milligrams algae per individual per day) at 25℃.It started to decrease when the temperature was higher than 25℃. M.melanioides can normally act and eat under experiment illuminations from 0 lx to 10000 lx. The optimal illumination conditions were between 1000 lx and 2000 lx, and within this range the ingestion rate can reached above 3.0mg ind-1 d-1. M. melanioides' feeding behavior was active when the DO was above 3.6mg/L, but virtually stopped when the DO was below 1.0 mg/L. The effect of M.melanioides' size on the ingestion rate was studied and the results showed a significant negative correlation(P <0.05) between them. The ingestion rate reached above 14.0 mg/ind-1 d-1.when M.melanioides' weight was within the range of 5 to 10 g, and was below 6.3 mg/ind-1 d-1.when the weight was above 20 grams.Field investigations were carried out in Ottelia acuminate ponds located in the northern part of the Erhai basin. The environmental variables measured included DO, pH, illumination, temperature, aquatic biological structures etc. The results showed that DO was above 7.6 mg/L which meant that it had reached saturation levels, the pH was about 8.2, and the temperature was above 10℃all year round(It exceeded 20℃ for almost half the year. It is worth mentioning that there were large amounts of Navicula sp., which indicated that the environment was suitable for M.melanioides. Ottelia acuminate wetland can therefore be used as a habitat for M.melanioides population restoration. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

On approaches of estuarine ecosystems health studies

This paper presents some points of view on the approach of estuarine ecosystem health scientific research based project experience of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). A practical approach (functional zone designation, classification, grading and scheduling) is introduced for managing estuarine ecosystem health at the drainage basin scale. The importance of habitat assessment and functional zone designation is emphasized. The principles for selecting evaluation indicators are presented. The paper noted that Chinese national environmental quality standards should be further developed for emerging pollutants. Special attention should be given to sediment which is important contamination carriers and potential pollution sources.