Chinese Personnel Research Articles

Changing Triangular Relationships: A Historical Analysis of Labour Relations at a Chinese Mine in Papua New Guinea

This paper contributes to the literature on the expansion of Chinese multinational corporations (CMCs) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) by comparing the operation of a Chinese mine to that of the German New Guinea Company. I start by looking at the two economic positions (helper and merchant) performed by early Chinese immigrants to New Guinea during the colonial era and the host hostility they encountered. 1 Then, a case study of a Chinese mining company in postcolonial PNG illustrates how local employees learned to negotiate with Chinese management through unionization instead of striking. In the meantime, Chinese personnel became subject to PNG industrial regulations based on Australian standards rather than operating as a modernizing agent to educate local workers. 2 These findings suggest that, despite specific new Chinese communities becoming investors, they must dedicate resources towards comprehending local customs and legislation, given the enhanced agency of local actors.

An Examination of Security Risks in China-Pakistan Investment Cooperation under Changing Dynamics

As the most important part of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Pakistan itself has been facing problems like terrorism attacks, political turmoil and economic crisis. Especially after the U.S. withdraw from Afghan, its western borders close to Afghan has been facing numerous violence accidents and unstable factors. These problems cause serious situation to any personnel stay in Pakistan, and thus difficulties in progressing projects. However, except for those obstacles in front of Chinese personnel, Pakistan government has been determined to dedicate to economic development, thus CPEC and its related programs undoubtedly become Pakistan’s most feasible and reliable economic growth projects and vice versa. Among many other policies, Pakistan has launched security policies and special measures for Chinese staffs. Thus for investors, Pakistan is still the friendliest government with welcoming people. Based on analysis, there is still solid ground to stick to the CPEC and go on cooperation, while new investors need to assess all practical problems and factors to make decisions.

Malaria and Chinese economic activities in Africa

We present novel evidence for the influence of malaria exposure on the geographic location of Chinese economic activities in Africa. The hypothesis is based on the observation that many Chinese aid projects and infrastructure contractors rely on Chinese personnel. High malaria exposure might constitute an important impediment to their employment and productivity. Combining data on Chinese aid and construction projects with geo-localized information about the presence of individuals from internet posts reveals a lower density of Chinese activities and of Chinese workers in areas with a high malaria exposure. This effect is mitigated partly through heterogeneity across sectors and immunity of the local population, through the selection of Chinese workers from regions in China with historically high malaria risk, and through the availability of malaria treatment.

China in UN Peacekeeping Operations: A 30-Year Assessment (1990-2019)

Abstract This article presents a broad assessment of Chinese personnel deployments to peacekeeping operations (PKOs) for the past three decades (1990-2019). To this end, an original dataset was built with data collected from the UN Department of Peace Operations. The following four indicators were considered in the analysis: (i) total personnel contribution per year; (ii) personnel contribution per mission; (iii) personnel contribution in relation to the mission’s total contingent; and (iv) personnel in a given mission in relation to the total personnel dispatched by China that year. Generally speaking, UN missions in Liberia (UNMIL) and South Sudan (UNMISS) have been the main destinations of Chinese peacekeepers in the 21st Century, while Cambodia (UNTAC) was by far the only place where China got deeply involved during the 1990s. In addition to displaying descriptive data, the paper also briefly analyses Chinese engagement in these operations.

Prevalence of burnout among intensivists in mainland China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BackgroundBurnout has gained increasing attention worldwide; however, there is a lack of relevant research in China. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with burnout in physicians of the intensive care unit (ICU) in mainland China.MethodsThis cross-sectional multicenter study included critical care physicians from all provinces in mainland China (except Tibet). A self-administered survey questionnaire was conducted. It included three parts: demographic information, lifestyle and work information, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The levels of burnout were calculated. The factors independently associated with burnout were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsFinally, 1813 intensivists participated in the survey. The participation rate was 90.7%. The prevalence of burnout and severe burnout was 82.1% (1489/1813) and 38.8% (704/1813), respectively. According to the logistic regression analysis, “difficulty in making treatment decisions” was independently associated with burnout [OR = 1.365, CI (1.060, 1.757)]. “Higher number of children” [OR = 0.714, CI (0.519, 0.981)] and higher “income satisfaction” [OR = 0.771, CI (0.619, 0.959)] were independent protective factors against severe burnout.ConclusionsThe burnout rate in ICU physicians in China is high. Difficult treatment decisions, the number of children, and income satisfaction are independently associated with burnout rates among ICU physicians in China.Trial registration: Burnout syndrome of the Chinese personnel working in intensive care units: a survey in China, ChiCTR-EOC-17013044, registered October 19, 2017. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=22329.

The Himalayan Impasse: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Wake of Doklam

In mid-June 2017, Bhutanese authorities detected Chinese personnel, presumably members of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), building a road in a disputed region of the Doklam plateau near the Bhu...

Knowledge (im)mobility through mirco-level interactions: An analysis of the communication process in Chinese-Zambian medical co-operation

AbstractAlthough Chinese medical aid to African countries is not a new phenomenon, the scale and scope of these engagements has changed significantly after the turn of the Millennium. Chinese government officials don’t grow tired to represent their country as new alternative for African medical development, a narrative that is accompanied with a host of figures such as money donated, Chinese personnel deployed, African practitioners trained and patients treated. However, little is known about the actual events behind these numbers. Drawing on the academic debate around the relationality of mobility and knowledge this paper is looking at the embodied experiences of Chinese-Zambian medical co-operation. By proposing a communication model as conceptual framework, this paper addresses recent criticism that too much scholarly attention has been given to the successful transfer of knowledge, whereas factors that prevent exchanges were largely ignored. Through the application of this model to analyze data obtain...

Pakistan-China Relations: Where They Go from Here?

Pakistan and China friendship, described by the leadership of both countries as higher than mountains, deeper than the oceans, and of late, sweeter than honey, is a unique case in the international system we live in, yet the relationship is based on sound geostrategic and realist calculations. An important contributing factor in the further strengthening and diversification of the relation would be how effectively both countries improve their economic relations. While this article argues that there are no chances of any problems emerging for this relationship, Islamabad needs to invest a lot more in understanding the Chinese mindset and the compulsions and limitations of the relationship. However, four issues will be important in shaping up the changing outlook of Pakistan-China relations: terrorism, security of Chinese personnel engaged in different projects in Pakistan, people to people contact and India.

Explaining the human resource management preferences of employees: a study of Chinese workers

This study explores the human resource management (HRM) preferences of Chinese employees, based on a sample of 2852 questionnaires from organizations in China. The research findings show a strong ‘group orientation’ and a great emphasis on ‘soft factors’ such as seniority, loyalty and connections in many HRM areas. It is argued that certain areas of Chinese HRM are converging to the Western model, but the influence of traditional Chinese personnel practices remains strong. A ‘group orientation’, a major emphasis on ‘soft factors’ and a trade union presence will remain as the three main features of Chinese HRM in the long term.

International performance appraisals

Since most literature on international performance appraisal is derived from Western MNCs, it is questionable whether the Western theories are equally powerful when applied to other national contexts. This study develops the Chinese international performance appraisal model by exploring performance appraisal policies and practices and the associated factors in Chinese MNCs. It reveals that Chinese MNCs adopt different approaches towards different groups, particularly different nationalities and managerial status. The Chinese international performance appraisals are a mix of home and local appraisal systems, and a mix of traditional Chinese personnel management and modern Western HRM concepts. Moreover, Chinese international performance appraisal policies and practices are affected by various host‐contextual and firm‐specific factors, and there is also an interplay between international performance and other international human resource management activities.

Migration of Highly Skilled Chinese to Europe: Trends and Perspective

AbstractSince China's economic opening and reforms in 1978, the country has broadened and deepened its exchanges and relations with other countries. This has contributed to the increase in the scale of international migration of highly skilled Chinese abroad. The impact of the migration of highly skilled Chinese on China and the relevant nations particularly deserve attention and study. Following the earlier migration flows mainly to the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the migration of highly skilled Chinese to Europe has become a notable new trend.Currently, the flow of international migration of highly skilled Chinese personnel is mainly oriented toward Europe and the United States. While studying abroad has been the main form of migration of the skilled, this has now been joined by the migration of technical and professional staff, and the trend is increasing. The main country of destination for Chinese students is the United States, which absorbs more than half of the total, while Australia and Canada receive the largest number of skilled Chinese manpower. The United States also receives a large number of Chinese technical personnel, but its proportion has declined, while the flow to Europe has sharply increased.This development may be attributed to the global expansion of economic, scientific and technological, as well as cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation. But it is also the result of an increase in the educational investment made by the Chinese people following the continuous increase in China's economic strength and the population's personal income. Of greater importance are the gaps between China and Europe at the scientific, technological, and educational levels and the research and marketing environment. The intervening changes in labour market and immigration policies in European and American countries accelerate the trend further. For all of these and other reasons, the spatial distribution of Chinese students will become more balanced and play a positive role in the promotion of mutually beneficial exchanges between China and other countries.

China's HRM in Transitio: Towards Relative Convergence?

In this contribution, the author reviews the current trends in HRM in the People's Republic of China. He then traces the impact of the post-1992 and 1995 economic reforms on Chinese personnel and industrial relations systems in both joint ventures and state-owned enterprises. Next, data from a recent field-investigation is reported vis-2-vis dimensions of HRM in these enterprises. The contribution particularly focuses on the problems of dimensionalizing HRM practices in such contexts. The author concludes that there may now be a growing but still limited overlap between joint ventures and state-owned enterprises in terms of their human resource policies and practices.

Personnel management system reform in Chinese automobile industry

For this study, an exploreation was made to identify basic features of the Chinese personnel management system which is stated in the Chinese labor law in a compartive perspective. Managers and workers were asked to evaluate the features of Chinese systems in comparison with Japanese and American systems by using the questionnaire method. Results of the study suggested that an unique Chinese system is about to emerge with features as follows.(1) Employment is based on the long-term contract rather than a short-term or lifetime relations.(2) The job assignment is based on the within-group lotation, instead of fixed or flexible assignment.(3) The wage is determined by combining the basic wage with the job-related wage (job plus merit components).(4) In auto industry, HRD is undertaken for creating multi-skill, labor-saving work force.(5) The industrial and labor relations in China is maintained by the Workers Association which is a part of the Chinese social-political systems and also function as a workers' association at the workplace to protect their common interests in harmony with management and the socialist central government. These features were delived from the analyses of response patterns based on the questionnaire data and examined in comparison with Japanese and American systems.

Cultures and the language teacher

This paper gives an account of the influence of two cultures, one national (Chinese) and one supranational (Business Quality Management) on the teaching of English for Occupational Purposes to in-service Chinese personnel working in Hong Kong. It indicates how some aspects of this cultural influence may interfere with the EOP trainer’s purposes while others can be harnessed and utilised to make the training more effective.

Reform in the Chinese Public Personnel System

The Chinese public personnel system, established since the early 1950s, is facing greater and greater challenge. The reform movement, launched in the early 1980s tends to open up the closed personnel system, decentralize personnel power, eliminate equalitarianism in remuneration, and rationalize personnel management. This paper will first analyze the previous Chinese personnel system, while outlining the main trends of the reform in the Chinese personnel system, and then will recommend ways to improve the current situation.

The Development An.d Organization Of Travel services In China

This article analyzes the recent growth in travel to China. It also analyzes the develop ment of Chinese travel organizations, including the evolution of a national tourism administration for the country, and examines the effects of changing government policies in decentralizing the management of travel services. The negative effects of decentraliza tion include confusion created by the proliferation of travel organizations, increased dif ficulty in coordinating tourism planning and development for the country as a whole, and emergence of negative social impacts upon Chinese personnel. In the face of declining growth in visitor arrivals, the positive effects of decentralization are not as evident. Thus, the efforts toward rapid tourism development seem to have been accomplished with the trade-off of inadequate planning and negative social impacts.

Trends in Chinese Business Practice: Changes in the Beijing Wind

This article reports the results of a survey of foreign business executives in Beijing and subsequent interviews with U.S.-based China trade executives, and describes the Chinese negotiating process. The Beijing-based managers identify pricing, servicing, training for Chinese personnel, and technology-related issues as the key business matters they face. They are also confronted by the larger bureaucratic issues of uncertainty about decision making and the difficulty of access to Chinese end-users. At the same time, the Deng regime9s economic reform program has led to decentralization of economic authority and the elevation of younger, more technically competent officials. Accordingly, while the older bureaucratic Chinese business style remains an important feature of the business environment, the reforms appear to be promoting more modern business practices in China.

Communist China's Aid Diplomacy

Foreign has been one of the chief forms of contact between the Peking regime and the non-Communist world. Between 1956 and the end of 1965, China pledged the equivalent of $942 million in economic to some 18 non-Communist countries (see Table I). Moreover, Communist China's military aid, in relatively small but lethal doses, has gone to at least two non-Communist governments and to numerous insurgent groups. Chinese personnel have almost invariably been stationed in large numbers wherever Chinese economic or military programs are active. Clearly, China's leaders believe that, in order to be considered a major power in today's world, a state must express the universality of its interests through foreign aid. Available figures indicate that the scope of Chinese activities has been expanding. New countries have joined the list of recipients almost every year. New extensions grew more or less steadily from a few million in 1956 to a high point in 1960 and 1961 in which some $200 million were pledged. In 1963 there was a return to roughly the same annual level of new pledges that was set in 1960 and 1961, but in 1964, the Chinese promised more new to non-Communist states than in any previous year, with commitments of $60 million to Pakistan and $80 million to Egypt. New commitments fell off sharply in 1965. However, announcements of drawings on previously established lines of credit appeared in the press almost every week, a sign that the rate of utilization of Chinese credits was much faster in 1965 than in previous years.' There was also a comparatively large number of cases of Chinese revolutionary aid to governments and insurgent groups, as will be discussed in greater detail below. The lack of any major commitments in 1962 may have reflected Peking's decision to concentrate on extreme internal economic problems arising from the Great Leap Forward. However, it must be remembered that most of the committed in 1960 and 1961 would only have been delivered in 1962 or later. The small percentage of China's GNP devoted to foreign indicates that there is no close correlation between China's internal economic problems and external activities. Although nations have used economic and military as tools of diplomacy for centuries, the intensive application of new principles of aid-giving since World War II has definitely been the result of Western initiatives. In terms of volume, from industrialized non-Communist governments in 1963 alone amounted to $6.48 billion, compared with from all Com-

The Situation in Tibet

The overall picture of Tibet today is one of complete Chinese control—not in the pre-revolt sense of control through the Dalai Lama, Tibetan officials and institutions, but direct control by Chinese personnel over Chinese institutions reorganized on the Chinese pattern through Chinese heads of departments and Chinese cadres as in China itself.* There is no Tibetan in any position of influence and trust, and all pretence that there is has been dropped, except for photographs with visiting dignitaries. Only one gesture in this connection has been made by the Chinese authorities in the past year and that was to invite the Panchen Lama, Cabinet Minister Ngabu Ngawang Jigme, chief collaborator since the signing of the 1951 Seventeen Point Agreement, and Pangdatshang Topgyay, Chairman of the East Tibetan Autonomous Government and Khamba leader, to Peking. Since they returned to Lhasa, they have not attended any major function. One luncheon party to be given to the “officials of the Panchen Erdeni Conference Committee” in the Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama's former summer palace, was suddenly cancelled for the rather specious reason “due to a bad weather forecast from the meteorological department.” Since then persistent rumours have arrived in India that the Panchen Lama has “disappeared” or is dead.