Chinese Perceived Stress Scale Research Articles

Effects of Online Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention on Negative Body Image in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trail

BackgroundThe incidence of breast cancer patients with negative body image has increased. However, research on interventions that explicitly reduce negative body image among breast cancer patients remains inadequate. The development of more pragmatic interventions is imperative. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of a 6-week online Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) intervention to reduce the negative body image in breast cancer patients. MethodsWe randomly assigned 64 female breast cancer patients to either the MSC group or the control group. The MSC group received a 6-week online Mindful Self-Compassion intervention, while the control group received no psychological training. Participants were surveyed by the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ), the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and the Body Image Scale (BIS) at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 1-month follow-up (T3). ResultsAll outcome variables demonstrated significant time main effects and nonsignificant group main effects. The MSC and control groups had significant time × group interaction effects on self-compassion, self-acceptance, perceived stress, and negative body image. Simple main effects analysis revealed significant improvements in outcome variables at three-time points for the MSC group. ConclusionA 6-week online Mindful Self-Compassion intervention can improve self-compassion and self-acceptance and reduce perceived stress and negative body image among the breast cancer patients in MSC group. Mindful Self-Compassion intervention shows promise as a viable way to maintain the mental well-being of breast cancer patients.

Perceived stress, positive psychological capital and health literacy in patients with multiple chronic conditions: A structural equation modelling.

To investigate the structural relationships among perceived stress (PS), positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and health literacy (HL) in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and construct a model to explore the relationships of PS and PsyCap on HL. HL is critical in the rehabilitation and management of patients with MCC. Extensive understanding of the relationships between research variables can help nursing staff to implement effective programmes that improve the level of HL of patients. However, currently there is no research that has evaluated the structural relationships among these variables using a single model. This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting cross-sectional studies. The Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used to assess HL, PS and PsyCap, respectively. Questionnaires were distributed to 317 patients with MCC attending a tertiary general care hospital in China from February to May 2023, using convenience sampling approach. Structural equation modelling was used to validate the proposed model. The findings showed that PS has a negative relationship with HL and PsyCap. PS was indirectly associated with HL through PsyCap. The results indicated that PsyCap was positively associated with HL. The PS and PsyCap explained 64% of the variance in HL. The findings showed that the proposed model had high validity and structural relationships between chosen variables were observed for MCC patients. These results may help nursing staff develop strategies to improve the HL of patients with MCC, which should focus on reducing PS and enhancing PsyCap to improve HL. Nursing staff can provide targeted psychological counselling and health guidance for patients to alleviate negative emotions and further promote their HL. Participate in research and fill out questionnaires.

Changes of college students' psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A two-wave repeated survey.

COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to the mental health of college students worldwide. We examined the trends in students' stress levels during and after China's first wave of COVID-19 outbreaks by analyzing their demographics, behavior, mental health status, career confidence, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) scores. Our findings indicate an increase in students' stress levels since the COVID-19 onset, with more students experiencing higher stress levels after the first outbreak than during it (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.79, 2.30). Several factors were identified as being associated with higher CPSS scores, including higher class levels, residence in rural or town areas, low family income, and lack of familiarity with COVID-19, among others. Our study highlighted the urgency of developing and implementing effective strategies to cope with students' stress during and after a global pandemic.

Associations between preparedness, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life in family caregivers of patients with a temporary enterostomy

PurposeTo investigate the preparedness, perceived stress, risk of depression, and quality of life of family caregivers of patients receiving a temporary enterostomy, to provide a reference for improving the long-term care and quality of life of patients receiving a temporary enterostomy. MethodsWe enrolled 181 family caregivers of patients in a hospital in China from 2021 to 2023. Responses to the General Information Questionnaire, the Chinese Caregiver Preparedness Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, the Chinese bilingual version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and the 12-item Short Form Survey were collected online. ResultsPearson’s correlation analysis revealed that family caregivers' risk of depression was negatively correlated with their preparedness, the physical component summary score, and the mental component summary score but was positively correlated with perceived stress. Multiple linear regression analysis identified factors influencing caregiver preparedness. ConclusionsThese findings help healthcare personnel to identify high-risk individuals among family caregivers of patients receiving a temporary enterostomy. This provides a basis for formulating well-planned, dynamic health education programs that meet patients' needs for disease-related knowledge and care.

The association of stress perception on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in parents of children with burns: The moderating effect of social support

ObjectiveFew studies have explored the mental health status of parents of children with burns and the moderating effect of social support on them. MethodsA survey was performed with parents of 112 burn-injured children at a burn center in China. Their perceived stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results➀ The prevalence of anxiety (46.43%), depression (52.67%) and poor sleep quality (43.75%) of parents indicated that they experienced emotional and sleep disorders;➁ The perceived stress was positively correlated with sleep quality, anxiety and depression（P＜0.01), and negatively correlated with perceived social support (p＜0.05); ➂ Social support had a significant moderating effect on their perceived stress and anxiety, depression, but not on their sleep quality. With high social support, parental perceived stress had a significant positive association on anxiety and depression, while with low perceived social support, parental perceived stress had no significant association on anxiety and depression. ConclusionParents of burned children had increased stress, obvious symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor sleep quality. Social support had a significant buffering effect on them under low pressure, and high pressure will hinder the buffering effect of social support on stress. Therefore, the ideal services to improve mental health should be provided for them to face different levels of stress.

The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model

ObjectiveChildhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. Methods1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results(1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in “childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression”. ConclusionChildhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

Clinicopathological features, psychological status, and prognosis of 33 patients with occult breast cancer.

Occult breast cancer (OBC) has traditionally been considered to be a carcinoma of unknown primary origin with a favorable prognosis and can be treated as stage II-III breast cancer. Due to the small number of cases and limited clinical ex-perience, treatments vary greatly around the world and no standardized treat-ment has yet been established. To investigate the clinicopathological features, psychological status and prog-nostic features of patients with OBC. The clinicopathological data of 33 OBC patients diagnosed and treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Xuzhou Central Hospital from November 2015 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The psychological status of OBC patients was evaluated by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. Patients' emotions, stress perception and psychological resilience were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respectively. Patient survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival curves were plotted for analysis with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using the Cox regression model. The 33 OBC patients included 32 females and 1 male. Of the 33 patients, 30 (91%) had axillary tumors, 3 (9%) had a neck mass as the primary symptom; 18 (54.5%) had estrogen receptor-positive tumors, 17 (51.5%) had progesterone receptor-positive tumors, and 18 (54.5%) had Her-2-positive tumors; 24 (72.7%) received surgical treatment, including 18 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy, 1 patient who underwent breast-conserving surgery plus axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and 5 patients who underwent ALND alone; 12 patients received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. All 30 patients developed anxiety and depression, with low positive affect scores and high negative affect scores, accompanied by a high stress level and poor psychological resilience. There were no differences in the psychological status of patients according to age, body mass index, or menopausal status. The overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) of all the patients were 83.3% and 55.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the initial tumor site (P = 0.021) and node stage (P = 0.020) were factors that may affect patient prognosis. The 5-year DFS rate of OBC patients who received radiotherapy was greater (P < 0.001), while the use of different surgical methods (P = 0.687) had no statistically significant effect on patient outcomes. Multivariate analysis revealed that radiotherapy (P = 0.031) was an independent prognostic factor. Receiving radiotherapy had a significant effect on the CD-RISC score (P = 0.02). OBC is a rare breast disease whose diagnosis and treatment are currently controversial. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of other less invasive surgical procedures compared to those of modified radical mastectomy. In addition, radiotherapy can significantly improve patient outcomes. We should pay attention to the psychological state of patients while they receive antitumor therapy.

Timing theory integrated nursing combined behavior change integrated theory of nursing on primiparous influence.

The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara. This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara, while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum. To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on self-efficacy, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara. A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022. These cases were divided into two groups, namely the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The nursing interventions differed between the two groups, with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change. The study aimed to compare the pre- and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), breast milk knowledge, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life in both groups. After nursing, the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing, and the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.011, and P = 0.001 respectively). After nursing, the breastfeeding knowledge mastery, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing, and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery (P = 0.013), self-efficacy (P = 0.008), and SF-36 quality of life (P = 0.011) scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals, while also enhancing their self-efficacy and overall quality of life. This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory, behavior change, primipara individuals, negative mood, and quality of life.

Depression, anxiety, and burnout among psychiatrists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China

BackgroundWith the rise of reported mental disorders and behavioral issues after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, psychiatrists and mental health care are urgently needed more than ever before. The psychiatric career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands, which bring issues on psychiatrists’ mental health and well-being into question. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and work burnout among psychiatrists in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 6 to January 30, 2022, two years after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach by sending online questionnaires to psychiatrists in Beijing. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The perceived stress and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), respectively.ResultsThe data of 564 psychiatrists (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [30–43] years old) of all 1532 in Beijing were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout were 33.2% (95% CI, 29.3-37.1%, PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 25.4% (95% CI, 21.8-29.0%, GAD-7 ≥ 5) and 40.6% (95% CI, 36.5-44.7%, MBI-GS ≥ 3 in each of the three subdimensions), respectively. The psychiatrist with a higher score on perceived stress was more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907–6.752]); the anxiety symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255–13.049]), and the burnout conditions (adjusted ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795–14.298]). Receiving high social support was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080–0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI, 0.111–0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs: 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148–0.686]).ConclusionsOur data suggest a considerable proportion of psychiatrists also suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Perceived stress and social support influence depression, anxiety, and burnout. For public health, we must work together to reduce the pressure and increase social support to mitigate mental health risks in psychiatrists.

Perceived stress, social support, and insomnia in hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers: an actor-partner interdependence mediation model analysis.

Patients' and caregivers' physical and mental health may interact. The theory of dyadic illness management holds that patients and caregivers should be regarded as a whole in health management. Previous studies have found that hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers experience poor sleep quality. Perceived stress and social support have effects on insomnia. However, the dyadic interaction between perceived stress, social support, and insomnia among hemodialysis patients and caregivers is unclear. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of social support in the association between perceived stress and insomnia in hemodialysis patient-caregiver dyads. A total of 259 hemodialysis patient-caregiver dyads completed the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (CPSS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) in Lanzhou, China, from May 2022 to July 2022. The actor-partner interdependence mediation model analysis was used for data analysis. In the actor effect, there was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress and insomnia in hemodialysis patients (β = 0.091, p = 0.001) and their family caregivers (β = 0.588, p < 0.001). Patient's and caregiver's social support played partial mediating roles in the relationship between caregiver's perceived stress and insomnia (β = 0.135, p < 0.001 and β = 0.111, p < 0.001). In the partner effect, caregiver's perceived stress was positively connected with patient's insomnia (β = 0.915, p < 0.001), and the mediating effect of patient's social support on the relationship between caregiver's perceived stress and patient's insomnia was statistically significant (β = -0.040, p = 0.046). The perceived stress, social support and insomnia of hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers had interactive effects. Effective dyadic-based interventions should be developed to improve hemodialysis patients' and caregivers' sleep quality.

Autistic traits predict social avoidance and distress: The chain mediating role of perceived stress and interpersonal alienation.

Social avoidance and distress are the primary aspects of social anxiety. Nonautistic people with high levels of autistic traits are more likely to exhibit social avoidance and distress. However, research has yet to reveal how autistic traits induce social avoidance and distress. To fill this gap, the present study recruited 708 participants to complete the 25-item Autism Spectrum Quotient, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, and Interpersonal Alienation Subscale. The results indicated that autistic traits significantly predicted social avoidance and distress in nonautistic people. In addition, autistic traits induced social avoidance and distress through perceived stress and interpersonal alienation, respectively. Importantly, perceived stress and interpersonal alienation (including the subdimensions of interpersonal alienation: sense of loneliness, sense of social isolation, and alienation between family members) partially mediated the relationships between autistic traits and social avoidance and distress. Overall, autistic traits predict social avoidance and distress via perceived stress and interpersonal alienation. This finding extends the hypothetical model of clinical anxiety in autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, reducing perceived stress and interpersonal alienation in nonautistic people with high levels of autistic traits may be a valid intervention method to prevent and eliminate their social avoidance and distress.

The role of sleep quality and perceived stress on depressive symptoms among tertiary hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses in tertiary hospitals are at high risk for depression. Understanding sleep quality and perceived stress may contribute to nurses’ mental health and health-related nursing productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sleep quality and perceived stress on depressive symptoms among nurses in tertiary hospitals.MethodsA total of 2,780 nurses (overall response rate = 91.1%) were recruited through a cross-sectional survey in 23 tertiary hospitals in China. Questionnaires included the Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale. Variables that were significant in Chi-square tests were further entered into binary logistic stepwise regression.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 60.3% (n = 1,676), of which 97.4% (n = 1,633) were female, and 77.8% were younger than 35 years (n = 1,304). Nurses who had moderate, poor, severe sleep quality and poor perceived pressure were more likely to be depressed. Master’s degree, 6–10 years of work, and physical activity were protective factors, while the opposite was the case for shift work and high dissatisfaction.ConclusionsMore than half of nurses working in tertiary care hospitals reported depressive symptoms, and lower sleep quality and higher perceived stress were more associated with this. Perceived stress is an interesting concept, which may provide a new entry point for the well-known idea that there is a relationship between poor sleep quality and depression. It is possible to reduce depressive symptoms among public hospital nurses by providing information on sleep health and stress relief.

Effects of perceived stress, self-acceptance and social support on insomnia in hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the influence of perceived stress, self-acceptance and social support on insomnia among hemodialysis patients in China. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Gansu, China, from May 2022 to July 2022. The Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (CPSS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Self-acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were evaluated in 610 hemodialysis patients. ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia among hemodialysis patients was 40.7% in this study. Insomnia was positively correlated with perceived stress (r = 0.742, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with self-acceptance (r = −0.531, P < 0.01) and social support (r = −0.574, P < 0.01). Self-acceptance played a mediating role in perceived stress and insomnia, with the mediating effect accounting for 13.8% of the total effect. Social support played a moderating role in perceived stress and insomnia (β = −0.008, t = −5.112, P < 0.001). ConclusionsThe results of this study enrich the research on the influencing factors of insomnia in hemodialysis patients and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the sleep quality of hemodialysis patients.

Burnout and job stress of anesthesiologists in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China: A cross-sectional design.

Our purpose was to assess job stress and burnout among anesthesiologists in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China, analyze the possible causes and adverse consequences of increased job stress and burnout of anesthesiologists in this region, and put forward suggestions in combination with the current national policies. We sent 500 electronic questionnaires to all anesthesiologists practicing in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China from 1960 to 2017 on April 2020. A total of 336 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and could be used for analysis. Burnout and job stress were assessed by using the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. First, as for emotional exhaustion, the situations of anesthesiologists with different working years and workloads are different with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Second, as for depersonalization, the situations of anesthesiologists with different ages, professional titles, working years, physical health status, and workload are different (P < 0.05). Third, as for personal accomplishment, the situations of anesthesiologists with different physical health status are different (P < 0.05). Finally, the regression results showed that the longer the fatigue working years and the worse the physical health of anesthesiologists in Northwest China, the more likely these two factors were to cause burnout (P < 0.05), as for job stress, there was a negative correlation between job stress and physical health status (P < 0.05). Burnout and high job pressure are common among anesthesiologists in tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China. We should focus on the allocation of labor intensity, pay attention to the physical and mental health of employees, establish targeted incentive mechanism, and improve the system of promotion and income rises for grassroots doctors. This may be not only conducive to the quality of medical care for patients but also conducive to the development of anesthesiology in China. Identifier: ChiCTR2000031316.

Validation of online mindfulness-enhanced course for stress reduction in teachers.

Mindfulness-based interventions have gained popularity as a means of reducing stress and increasing resilience among the preclinical population. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an online mindfulness-enhanced course on stress reduction in teachers, especially since online learning and teaching have been frequently applied to respond to emergencies such as COVID-19-relevant school suspension. The study consisted of two phases. Phase 1 aimed to explore the relationship between teachers' perceived stress and mindfulness traits. In total of 6,252 teachers completed assessments of stress symptoms using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and occupational stress sources, as well as mindfulness using the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Phase 2 aimed to examine the effectiveness of the online mindfulness-enhanced course. In total of 132 teachers were randomly assigned to either receive a 3-week online mindfulness course specifically designed for stress reduction and emotion regulation (N = 66) or a matched active control group (N = 66) and their pre-training and post-training self-reported states (e.g., perceived stress, mindfulness level, practice time) were measured. The detection rate of Health Risk Stress (≥26 scores) was as high as 61.72%, and a negative association between the score of FFMQ and perceived stress level was found. Importantly, compared to the control group, the mindfulness training group showed a significant decrease in perceived stress and negative emotion, as well as an increase in understanding of the core mechanisms of mindfulness after training. Additionally, individual improvement in FFMQ scores was predicted by practice time. The study showed a high percentage of teachers experiencing stress, and the data supported the reliability and validity of the brief online mindfulness-enhanced course designed to reduce stress and regulate emotion for frontline teachers.

Social isolation and intrinsic capacity among left-behind older adults in rural China: The chain mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior.

Strengthening and maintaining the intrinsic capacity (IC) of the older adults is the key to preventing and delaying disability and promoting healthy aging. This study explores the relationship between social isolation, perceived stress, health promotion behavior, and IC of the left-behind older adults in rural areas and analyzes the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and health promotion behavior among social isolation and IC. From March 2021 to May 2022, a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit participants from rural areas in Heilongjiang Province, China. The data were collected by the simplified version of the Lubben Social Network Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Chinese, and the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) screening tool. We used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to determine the mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior between social isolation and IC. Social isolation score was positively correlated with health-promoting behavior (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) and IC (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), whereas it was negatively correlated with perceived stress (r = -0.63, p < 0.01). Perceived stress was negatively correlated with health-promoting behavior (r = -0.62, p < 0.01) and IC (r = -0.43, p < 0.01). The health-promoting behavior and IC were positively correlated (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Bootstrapping values indicated that the chain-mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior was statistically significant. Consequently, to improve the IC of the left-behind older adults, we should focus more on reducing the degree of social isolation of the left-behind older adults and improving their perceived stress and health-promoting behavior.

Effect of nursing interventions based on the Kano model on symptom relief and parental psychological behavior in children with febrile seizures.

To analyze the effect of nursing interventions based on the Kano model on symptom relief and parental psychological behavior in children with febrile seizures (FS). A total of 104 children with FS and their corresponding families admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to April 2022 as the research object. All children were divided into 2 groups according to their nursing regimen during treatment. Children who received general nursing interventions were enrolled in the general group (n = 52) and children who received nursing interventions based on the Kano model were enrolled in the Kano group (n = 52). In this study, an investigation was first conducted to analyze the attributes of the caring care service needs of the families of children with FS. Then, we compared 4 aspects of symptom relief during the hospital stay of the 2 groups of children, including FS seizure frequency, time to cessation of convulsions, time to recovery of consciousness and time to fever reduction. The parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess the psychological behavior of the two groups of children during the hospital stay. The Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS) and the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used to assess the psychological behavior of the two groups of their families during the children's hospitalization. Finally, a questionnaire was administered on the satisfaction of this nursing intervention. In terms of symptom relief, the children in the Kano group had less frequent of FS seizure than the general group, and the time to cessation of convulsions, time to recovery of consciousness and time to fever reduction were all earlier than in the genera group (p < 0.05). In terms of children's psychological behavior, the impulsivity-hyperactivity, anxiety, hyperactivity index and learning problems scores in the PSQ of the children in the Kano group were lower than those in the general group after the intervention (p < 0.05). In terms of family psychological behavior, the psychological behavioral problems of the families of the children in both groups improved after the intervention, and the CPSS scores of tension and dis-control, as well as the total SCL-90 score of the families of the children in the Kano group were lower than those of the general group (p < 0.05). In terms of family satisfaction, the Kano group was significantly better than the general group (p < 0.05). The implementation of the nursing interventions based on the Kano model for children with FS was successful in dramatically reducing the clinical signs and symptoms of the children and meeting the psychological and behavioral needs of the children and their families.

Association between circadian rhythm and sleep quality among nursing interns: A latent profile and moderation analysis.

Disturbances in circadian rhythms are common among night-shift workers and result in poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep quality is less explored in nursing interns. Therefore, we aimed to identify the latent subtypes of circadian rhythm, explore their relationship with sleep quality, and evaluate their moderating role between perceived stress and sleep quality in nursing interns. In all, 452 nursing interns were recruited between October 2020 and January 2021 from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC), which is a multicenter, prospective cohort of a career growth program for nursing students. They were assessed using the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Circadian Type Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Latent profile analysis and moderation analysis were performed. Overall, 72.3% of the nursing interns reported poor sleep quality. We identified three latent subtypes of circadian rhythms, namely, Vigorousness (40.1%), Inadaptability (18.6%), and Flexibility (41.1%). Females (OR = 1.97, 95% Cl: 1.01-3.83, P = 0.047) with normal body mass index (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.95-2.76, P = 0.078) were prone to Flexibility. Circadian rhythm types significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and sleep quality (P < 0.05). Nursing interns suffer from poor sleep. There exists heterogeneity of circadian rhythm subtypes in nursing interns, and attention should be paid to those with Inadaptability type. The association between perceived stress and sleep quality is significantly moderated by circadian rhythm subtypes.

The Relationship between Perfectionism and Social Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Social anxiety is one of the mental health problems associated with perfectionism. The present study investigated the possible mediation of perceived stress in the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety, and whether this mediation depends on the level of trait mindfulness. A total of 425 college students (female: 82.9%; mean age: M = 19.90 ± 1.06 years old) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). After controlling for age and gender, the moderated mediation analysis suggested that perfectionism significantly and positively predicted social anxiety and that perceived stress mediated the link between perfectionism and social anxiety. In addition, the indirect effect of perfectionism on social anxiety was moderated by trait mindfulness. Specifically, the indirect effect was weaker among the individuals with a high level of mindfulness compared to those with a low level of mindfulness. The findings of this study suggest that trait mindfulness significantly moderates the indirect effect of perfectionism on social anxiety via perceived stress.

Stress/Resource Complex, Sense of Coherence and Professional Identity Among Nursing Students: A Latent Profile and Mediation Analysis.

PurposeSense of coherence is significant to mental health and professional development in nursing students. However, the association among stress/resource complex, sense of coherence, and professional identity is less explored in nursing students. This study was designed to identify latent subtypes of stress/resource complex and to evaluate the mediating role of sense of coherence between stress/resource complex types and professional identity in nursing students.Participants and MethodsA total of 595 nursing students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) between October and December 2021 and administered with 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Undergraduate Students. Latent profile analysis and mediation analysis were performed.ResultsThree latent subtypes of stress/resource complex were identified: Flexibility (14.8%), Ordinary (44.2%), and Maladjustment (41.0%). Nursing students with role model were prone to Ordinary (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03–2.13, p = 0.035) and Flexibility (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.17–3.16, p = 0.011). The association between stress/resource complex types and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere exists heterogeneity in nursing students’ stress/resource complex. The association between stress/resource complex subtypes and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence.