Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types Research Articles

Proteomics analysis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease with different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome types before and after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To investigate the underlying protein molecular mechanisms of "Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome" (QS) and "Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome" (QD), as two subtypes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, a total of 227 CAD patients with QS and 211 CAD patients with QD were enrolled; all participants underwent PCI. Label-free quantification proteomics were employed to analyze the changes in serum in two subtypes of CAD patients before and 6 months after PCI, aiming to elucidate the intervention mechanism of PCI in treating CAD characterized by two different TCM syndromes. Biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in tumor necrosis factor-α, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood stasis clinical symptoms observation, and Gensini levels in both patient groups post-PCI; Proteomic analysis identified 79 and 95 differentially expressed proteins in the QS and QD patient groups, respectively, compared to their control groups. complement C8 alpha chain, complement factor H, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen, carbonic anhydrase 2, and complement factor I were altered in both comparison groups. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that cell adhesion and connectivity-related processes underwent changes in QS patients post-PCI, whereas lipid metabolism-related pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, underwent changes in the QD group. The protein-protein interaction network analysis further enriched 52 node proteins, including apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), complement C5, apolipoprotein A4, complement C8 alpha chain, complement C8 beta chain, complement C8 gamma chain, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, albumin, complement C4-B, apolipoprotein C3, among others. The functional network of these proteins is posited to contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD characterized by TCM syndromes. The current quantitative proteomic study has preliminarily identified biomarkers of CAD in different TCM subtypes treated with PCI, potentially laying the groundwork for understanding the protein profiles associated with the treatment of various TCM subtypes of CAD.

Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types and frequency changes of CD8+ and CD25+ T cells in metabolic-related fatty liver disease.

This study aimed to observe and analyze the changes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types and CD8+ and CD25+T cell frequencies of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. For this purpose, 100 patients with metabolic-related fatty liver disease and their TCM syndrome types who were screened for medical treatment were collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in the frequency of CD8+ and CD25+T cells in the peripheral blood of patients, as well as liver function, fasting blood glucose, and lipid index. The frequency differences of CD8+ and CD25+T cells in patients with different syndrome types were compared. To use partial correlation analysis to determine the correlation between CD8+, CD25+T cell frequencies and TCM syndrome types in patients. Results showed that a total of 30 cases of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome, 25 cases of phlegm turbidity internal obstruction syndrome, 20 cases of dampness heat stasis syndrome, and 25 cases of phlegm stasis mutual accumulation syndrome were included in the 100 MAFLD patients. There was statistical significance (P<0.01) in the comparison of ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FPG, HOMA-IR, CD8+CD25+, CD8+CD25-, CD8-CD25+, and CD8-CD25- among patients with different TCM syndrome types. There is a positive correlation between TCM syndrome types and patients' CD8+CD25+, CD8+CD25-, and CD8-CD25+, while there is a negative correlation between them (P<0.05). From the chord diagram, the relationship between CD8+CD25+ and TCM syndrome types is the closest. The ROC curve was used to analyze and determine that the relevant standard for CD8+CD25+ in liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome is <4.90%; The relevant standard for phlegm turbidity internal obstruction syndrome is 4.90%~7.88%; Damp heat stasis syndrome is 7.88%~8.20%; The syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis accumulation is more than 8.20%. The TCM syndrome types of metabolic-related fatty liver disease will vary with the frequency of CD8+ and CD25+T cells. In conclusion, TCM syndrome types are closely related to the severity of the patient's condition and immune function, providing a new perspective and means for understanding the pathogenesis of metabolic-related fatty liver disease and evaluating the condition.

The Relationship between Golgi Protein 73, Alpha-Fetoprotein, Liver Function Indicators, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types of Primary Liver Cancer

Abstract Objective Our objective was to analyze the correlation between Golgi protein 73 (GP73), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver function indicators, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as “liver cancer”). Methods In total, 156 liver cancer patients (liver cancer group) and 52 healthy individuals (health group) were selected as the research subjects to detect their GP73, AFP expression, and liver function-related indicators. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Results (1) The positive expression rate of GP73 in the liver cancer group was 50%; the positive expression rates of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, and yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome were 37.9, 54.3, and 59.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). The positive expression rate of AFP was 50%. The positive expression rates of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, heat-toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, and yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome were 41.7, 54.3, and 59.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p &lt; 0.05). (2) The GP73 levels of patients with different syndrome types in the liver cancer group were ranked from high to low as yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome, heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The AFP levels of patients with different syndrome types in the liver cancer group were ranked from high to low as heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). (3) Analysis of liver function indicators in the liver cancer group: the alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of patients with different syndrome types were in descending order from high to low, including yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome, heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of patients with different syndrome types were ranked from high to low as follows: heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The levels of albumin (ALB) in patients with different syndrome types were ranked from high to low, including heat toxin in liver and gallbladder syndrome, qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, and yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion GP73 and indicators such as ALT, AST, and ALB are of great significance in the diagnosis of TCM syndrome differentiation and classification of liver cancer patients.

Acupuncture Relieves Cervical Spondylosis Radiculopathy by Regulating Spinal Microglia Activation Through MAPK Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Local acupuncture has been found to have a good analgesic effect in rats with cervical spondylosis radiculopathy (CSR), but it lacks a regulatory effect on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of CSR. We proposed "Invigorating Qi and activating Blood" (IQAB) acupuncture, compared with Fenbid, and local electroacupuncture (LEA), to observe whether it has advantages in the protection of the CSR rat model and to elucidate its mechanism through the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, sham, model, Fenbid, LEA, and IQAB. The CSR model was induced by inserting nylon sutures to compress the C4-T1 nerve root. The Fenbid group was treated with ibuprofen sustained-release capsules (15 mg/kg·d, ig). The LEA group received electroacupuncture at both C5 and C7 EX-B2 once a day. The IQAB group received acupuncture at both ST36 and BL17 based on the LEA group's intervention. Mechanical allodynia and gait, morphological changes in the spinal cord, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, MAPKs phosphorylation ratio, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the spinal cord, and the expression of p-p38 in the spinal cord and its colocalization with neurons and glial cell activation markers were detected. Mechanical allodynia, gait disorder, edema, reduced Nissl-positive cell numbers, and increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the spinal cord were observed in CSR rats. IQAB significantly alleviated these changes, and the effects were generally comparable to those of Fenbid. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation ratios of p38 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), co-expression of p-p38 with neuron/microglia, and MCP-1 levels in the spinal cord were markedly down-regulated by IQAB compared with those in CSR model rats. IQAB reduced p38-activation-related microglia activation and MCP-1 levels, thus alleviating pathological changes, inflammation levels in the local spinal cord, and pain behavior of CSR.

Correlation Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types and Influencing Factors of Asthmatic Bronchitis in Children

Objective: To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types and the influencing factors of asthmatic bronchitis in children, as well as to provide clinical syndrome differentiation basis and reference for the treatment of children with asthmatic bronchitis. Methods: The clinical data of 197 inpatients with asthmatic bronchitis in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were collected, referring to “Zhu Futang Practical Pediatrics” (7th Edition, 2002) and “Chinese Medicine Industry Standards – Standards for Diagnosis and Efficacy of Pediatric Diseases and Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine” (1994, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine) for diagnosis, classification, and analysis of TCM syndrome types and the influencing factors of asthmatic bronchitis in children. Results: (i) cold asthma syndrome contributed to the majority of TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis; (ii) gender had a great influence on TCM syndromes types in children with asthmatic bronchitis, and the differences among the TCM syndrome types were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05); (iii) there was no significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis among different age groups (P &gt; 0.05); (iv) birth status had no effect on the distribution of TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis (P &gt; 0.05); (v) no significant correlation was observed between the mode of delivery and the distribution of TCM syndrome types in children with asthmatic bronchitis (P &gt; 0.05); (vi) children with cold asthma syndrome, heat asthma syndrome, and mixed cold and heat syndrome were not breastfed, and there was no significant difference in the feeding methods of children with mixed deficiency and excess syndrome (P &gt; 0.05); (vii) no significant correlation was observed between the TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis and family history of asthma/allergy (P &gt; 0.05); (viii) a significant correlation was observed between different TCM syndrome types and history of drug and food allergy (P &lt; 0.05); (ix) normal or high eosinophil percentage was commonly observed in children with asthmatic bronchitis, and there was no significant difference among the different TCM syndrome types (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis are related to gender, feeding history, allergy history, and other factors, which may be influencing factors of the TCM syndrome types of pediatric asthmatic bronchitis.

Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Type, Gut Microbiome, and Host Immunity in Predicting Early and Advanced Stage Colorectal Cancer.

To investigate the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome type, gut microbiome distribution, and host immunity function in predicting the early and advanced clinical stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). A cross-sectional case-control study was performed which included 48 early stage and 48 advanced patients with CRC enrolled from March 2018 to December 2020. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the gut microbiomes of the patients, while T and B lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were assessed using flow cytometry. TCM syndrome type was measured using the spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) scale. The abundance levels of Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, and Faecalibacterium in the gut microbiota were significantly increased in the advanced group, while Bacteroides was significantly decreased. Phascolarctobacterium was detectable only in the early metaphase group, whereas Alistipes was detectable only in the advanced group. The lymphocyte (P = .006), T helper cell (TH) (P = .002), cytotoxic T cell (TC) (P = .003), double positive T cell (DPT) (P = .02), and total T counts (P = .001) were significantly higher in the early metaphase group than in the advanced metaphase group. Compared with patients with early stage CRC, the advanced group had a higher SDS score. After adjusting for clinical stage, Spearman's correlation analysis showed interactions among gut microbiome abundance, T cell level, and SDS score. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that after controlling for the SDS score, abundance of Alistipes and Faecalibacterium, and double negative T cell (DNT) level, DPT was significantly associated with a lower risk of advanced-stage disease (hazard ratio, 0.918; P = .022). Our study suggested associations between clinical stage, SDS, gut microbiota, and T lymphocytes, which provided insights for a potential prediction model for the disease progression of CRC.

Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Complicated with Various Types of Hypertension and Plasma Homocysteine Level

To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome complicated with various traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of hypertension and plasma homocysteine level, patients were divided into liver-fire excess syndrome, yin deficiency and yang excess syndrome, phlegm-blood stasis syndrome, yin deficiency and yang deficiency syndrome based on the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type standard of hypertension complicated obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. General data, body mass index values, apnea and hypopnea index, oxyhemoglobin saturation, Epworth sleepiness scale scores and homocysteine of patients were extracted and analyzed. The results revealed that the number of males was greater than that of females with a proportion of 1.5:1. The number of patients with body mass index ≥24.00 kg/m2 was obviously greater than that of patients with body mass index <24.00 kg/m2. The proportion of patients with body mass index >28.00 kg/m2 reached 59.18 %. In terms of the comparison of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types, the proportion of patients suffering from phlegm-blood stasis syndrome was the highest, reaching 27.89 % and the proportion of patients suffering from yin deficiency and yang deficiency syndrome is the lowest, amounting to 22.45 %. In homocysteine examination, the homocysteine of syndrome was increased in order of yin deficiency and yang excess, phlegm-blood stasis, yin deficiency and yang deficiency and liver-fire excess. The results revealed that the syndrome type of phlegm-blood stasis was significant among patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types. This syndrome type showed significant statistical meaning in age, neck circumference, apnea and hypopnea index, average oxyhemoglobin saturation, triglyceride and overall difference in blood glucose fasting state. The severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome was positively correlated with homocysteine and apnea, and hypopnea index was also positively correlated with homocysteine and was negatively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation. Lowest oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with homocysteine.

Analysis of the Correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types and Inflammatory Activity Factors in Ulcerative Colitis

Analysis of the Correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types and Inflammatory Activity Factors in Ulcerative Colitis

Study on the Correlation between Intestinal Flora and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Type in Insomnia with Chronic Enteritis

Study on the Correlation between Intestinal Flora and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Type in Insomnia with Chronic Enteritis

Study on syndrome rules of stagnated heat in liver and stomach of non-erosive reflux disease based on microecology of tongue coating.

At present, the pathogenesis of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is still unclear, and proton pump inhibitors are the main treatment drug. However, the effect is limited. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of NERD has advantages. Stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome is the most important traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type of this disease. Tongue diagnosis is an important basis for the diagnosis of stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome. The microecology of tongue coating suggests the occurrence and development of disease. The purpose of this study aims to clarify the regular changes of tongue coating microecology in stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome of NERD. This is a cross-sectional clinical trial. This study is divided into NERD stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome group, qi stagnation, and phlegm obstruction syndrome control group and normal control group, with 20 cases in each group. Tongue coating samples will be collected from 3 groups, and 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology will be used to detect the genome of tongue coating flora in patients with NERD with stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome, control group with qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome and normal control group. The main outcome measures are the distribution, diversity, and richness of the tongue flora in patients and healthy controls. The results of this study will clarify the internal relationship between NERD stagnated heat in liver and stomach syndrome and the microecological changes in tongue coating.

Psoriasis complicated with metabolic disorder is associated with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types: a hospital-based retrospective case–control study

Objective To explore the distribution law of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types in patients with psoriasis vulgaris complicated by metabolic disorders based on the same pathogenic factors as blood-heat and blood-stasis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and metabolic disorders and to further analyze the correlation between adiponectin and the distribution law. Methods From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, patients diagnosed with psoriasis in the inpatient or outpatient department of Dermatology Ward of Shanghai Yueyang Hospital and normal participants who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center over the same period were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, medical history, metabolic disorder indices, and TCM syndrome indices of psoriasis patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated. Results We included 307 patients with psoriasis and 613 healthy controls. On analyzing past medical history, the proportion of overweight and obesity and the comorbidity of diabetes in the psoriasis group (53.42 and 14.66%) were significantly higher than in the control group (43.88 and 7.67%, respectively; p < .05). The abnormal rates of triglyceride (34.20%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50.49%), and HbA1c (18.57%) levels in the psoriasis group were higher than those in the normal control group (26.75, 17.13, and 12.56%, respectively). Overall, the incidence of metabolic disorders in psoriasis patients (267/307, 86.97%) was higher than that in the normal controls (484/613, 78.96%). Among the different syndrome types, the blood-stasis group had significantly higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin (46.07, 19.10, and 24.72%, respectively) than those of the control group (27.57, 7.67, and 12.56%; p < .05). Patients with blood stasis syndrome had the highest metabolic disorder comorbidity rate (93.26%) and lowest adiponectin level (p < .05). Conclusions TCM syndrome differentiation of psoriasis, especially the diagnosis of blood-stasis syndrome, prompts the early screening of patients with metabolic comorbidities. For patients with psoriasis with metabolic disorder, TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can be compatibly applied without contraindications. Trial registration The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Trial ID: NCT03942185).

Correlates of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

[Objective] Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female health condition caused by a hormonal imbalance due to the ovaries producing excess male hormones, is also considered a chronic endocrine-metabolic syndrome. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, multiple factors including insufficiency of kidney and liver as well as phlegm dampness may result in PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the distribution pattern of TCM syndrome types in patients with PCOS, and to determine the glucose metabolism status among these patients. [Methods] A total of 60 patients diagnosed with PCOS in our center were enrolled in this study. These patients were classified into three groups based on their TCM syndrome types, including phlegm dampness syndrome, liver stagnation syndrome, and kidney insufficiency syndrome. A uniformly formulated basic information sheet was collected, and all of them underwent glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The correlations of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and glucose metabolism in patients with different syndromes were compared. [Results] The patients with phlegm dampness syndrome type (n=32) were the most among these 60 patients with PCOS, accounting for 53.33%, followed by liver stagnation syndrome (n=18; 30%) and kidney insufficiency syndrome (n=10; 16.67%). The BMI and WHR of patients with phlegm dampness syndrome were higher than those with liver stagnation syndrome and kidney insufficiency syndrome (P&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (IFG/IGT/diabetes) among the three groups (P&gt;0.05). [Conclusions] The main TCM syndrome type in patients with PCOS is phlegm dampness syndrome, which was linked to obesity and abdominal obesity.

Value of five noninvasive diagnostic methods for liver cirrhosis in diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis

Value of five noninvasive diagnostic methods for liver cirrhosis in diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis

Performance of controlled attenuation parameter measured by FibroScan in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types

Performance of controlled attenuation parameter measured by FibroScan in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types

Association of glutathione thioltransferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism with sensitivity to oxaliplatin and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in colon cancer patients

Association of glutathione thioltransferase P1 (<i>GSTP1</i>) gene polymorphism with sensitivity to oxaliplatin and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in colon cancer patients

Effects of Chinese Medicine on Symptoms, Syndrome Evolution, and Lung Inflammation Absorption in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients during 84-Day Follow-up after Hospital Discharge: A Prospective Cohort and Nested Case-Control Study.

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of symptoms, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome, and lung inflammation absorption during convalescence in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had not totally recovered after hospital discharge and whether CM could promote the improvement process.MethodsThis study was designed as a prospective cohort and nested case-control study. A total of 96 eligible patients with COVID-19 in convalescence were enrolled from Beijing Youan Hospital and Beijing Huimin Hospital and followed up from the hospital discharged day. Patients were divided into the CM (64 cases) and the control groups (32 cases) based on the treatment with or without CM and followed up at 14, 28, 56, and 84 days after discharge. In the CM group, patients received the 28-day CM treatment according to two types of CM syndrome. Improvements in clinical symptoms, CM syndrome, and absorption of lung inflammation were observed.ResultsAll the 96 patients completed the 84-day follow-up from January 21 to March 28, 2020. By the 84th day of follow-up, respiratory symptoms were less than 5%. There was no significant difference in the improvement rates of symptoms, including fatigue, sputum, cough, dry throat, thirst, and upset, between the two groups (P>0.05). Totally 82 patients (85.42%) showed complete lung inflammation absorption at the 84-day follow-up. On day 14, the CM group had a significantly higher absorption rate than the control group (P<0.05) and the relative risk of absorption for CM vs. control group was 3.029 (95% confidence interval: 1.026–8.940). The proportions of CM syndrome types changed with time prolonging: the proportion of the pathogen residue syndrome gradually decreased, and the proportion of both qi and yin deficiency syndrome gradually increased.ConclusionsPatients with COVID-19 in convalescence had symptoms and lung inflammation after hospital discharge and recovered with time prolonging. CM could improve lung inflammation for early recovery. The types of CM syndrome can be transformed with time prolonging. (Registration No. ChiCTR2000029430)

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types and syndrome elements of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types and syndrome elements of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Correlation of endoscopic morphological characteristics and pathological types with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of colorectal polyps

Correlation of endoscopic morphological characteristics and pathological types with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of colorectal polyps

The characteristics of intestinal flora of IBS-D with different syndromes.

ObjectiveTo study the distribution of fecal microbiota in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D) patients of spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency and liver depression and spleen deficiency, to make an objective foundation for dialectics of different type of IBS‐D. And to provide the clinical doctors an experimental basis for medication by regulating dysbacteriosis.MethodsWe collected feces from the control group, spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency IBS‐D group, and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency IBS‐D group. After the extraction of fecal DNA, global DNA was isolated from every sample, and 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced, and then we analyzed the results for bacteria such as Alpha diversity, community composition, LEfSe, and partial least squares discriminant analysis.ResultsWe compared the changes among the fecal bacteria in the intestine of the IBS‐D patients and healthy controls and found the specificity of spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency syndrome and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency syndrome. The control group has the highest flora diversity (control group > liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency > spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group). The control group, spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group are different in phylum (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), class (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), order (Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales, Fusobacteriales), and family (Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae). Bifidobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the control group, Enterobacteriales, Fusobacteriales, Acidaminococcaceae, and Phascolarctobacterium in the spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and streptococcus are the specific bacteria in the liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group. Intestinal flora disturbance is closely related to IBS‐D.ConclusionsThere is a correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and intestinal flora. The control group, the spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and the liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group have specific bacteria.

Correlation analysis of serum progesterone with clinical indicators and common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in male type 2 diabetic patients

To analyze the correlation of serum progesterone (PROG) level with blood biochemical parameters and common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We collected the clinical data of 192 male patients with T2DM, who were admitted in the Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medical Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January, 2018 and March, 2019. The general clinical data, C-peptide level, blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA, blood lipid level, and sex hormones were compared between the patients with normal PROG and elevated PROG levels and also between the patients with two common TCM syndromes, namely qi and Yin deficiency syndrome and damp- heat accumulation in the spleen syndrome. We further compared the sex hormones, C-peptide level, HOMA, HbA1c, and blood glucose level among the patients with the two TCM syndromes having normal or elevated PROG levels. Compared with those in patients with normal PROG level, BMI, C-peptide, HOMA-β, and HOMA2-IR were significantly lowered and HOMA-IS, E2, and T were significantly increased in patients with elevated PROG level; no statistical differences were found in age, disease duration, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), smoking history, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, HbA1c, LH, FSH or PRL between the two groups. Compared with the patients with damp-heat accumulation syndrome group, the patients with qi and Yin deficiency syndrome were older and had a longer disease duration, a greater BMI, and higher levels of PROG, C-Peptide, HOMA-β, HOMA2-IR and HOMA-IS, but the smoking history, WHR, HbA1c, blood glucose, and sex hormone levels were comparable between the two groups. Among the 4 groups of patients with different PROG levels and TCM syndromes, significant differences were found in the levels of C-peptide, HOMA-β, HOMA-IS, HOMA2-IR, PROG, E2, T, LH and FSH, and the patients with qi and Yin deficiency syndrome as well as an elevated PROG level had the lowest C-peptide level, HOMA-β and HOMA2-IR and the highest HOMA-IS, PROG, E2, T, LH and FSH. An elevated PROG level is closely related to islet cell dysfunction and TCM syndrome types in male patients with T2DM.