The development of traditional settlements and architecture in China has changed along with the acceleration of the urbanization process, especially the changes are more obvious in the areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. We take the traditional Buyei settlement space and architectural form as the object of research, summarize its characteristics, and study the development and change of the traditional Buyei settlement after the reform and opening up, summarize the characteristics of the traditional Buyei settlement, and put forward the suggestions for the protection and construction of the settlement, which is of great significance to the protection of national culture and the construction of "beautiful countryside". The promotion of ecological civilization is an important part of the current social and economic development, and the traditional architecture of the Buyi people contains the concepts of the unity of man and nature, harmony between man and nature, and respect for nature, which should become an important part of the construction of China's ecological civilization. Especially in the context of rural revitalization, analyzing the sustainable development strategy of the vast minority areas is necessary for balancing economic development and ecological civilization, and can play a positive role in promoting urban-rural integration, accelerating rural construction and realizing green development.