Chinese Cultural Context Research Articles

Psychometric assessment of a Chinese version of a mindfulness practice quality measurement tool.

Mindfulness training is increasingly popular in China. The challenge of evaluating mindfulness practice objectively and accurately has attracted research attention. However, previous studies in China focused primarily on the quantity rather than the quality of mindfulness training. The Practice Quality - Mindfulness (PQ-M) can provide a solution. Consequently, the present study aimed to validate and assess the internal consistency and construct validity of the Chinese version of the Practice Quality - Mindfulness (Ch-PQ-M) in a non-clinical sample. One hundred and sixty participants (female:81) were recruited to practice 20min of mindfulness training daily for four consecutive days and to complete the Ch-PQ-M, the State Anxiety Inventory, and the Peace of Mind Scale immediately after each mindfulness practice. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale were administered pre- and post- 4-day treatment. Construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency, test-retest reliability, predictive validity and construct validity were examined. Ch-PQ-M demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the established two-factor model (perseverance and receptivity). The Ch-PQ-M attention score was significantly associated with changes of trait anxiety. It improved with short-term mindfulness practice. The perseverance score consistently correlates with scores on peace of mind, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and observe and nonreactivity. The receptivity score remains consistently correlated with the nonjudging. These findings suggest that Ch-PQ-M is a valid instrument for evaluating individual mindfulness quality for a single-session practice. Our findings suggest that Ch-PQ-M (especially for the Ch-PQ-M perseverance score) has acceptable psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing mindfulness practice quality in the Chinese cultural context.

The influence of parenting styles and coping strategies on anxiety symptoms in adolescents: a comparative study of groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury behavior

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been increasing year by year, especially among adolescents, and it is highly correlated with the level of anxiety among teenagers, particularly within Chinese cultural contexts where parenting styles significantly influence adolescent behavior. Objective This study examines the role of culturally-influenced parenting styles and adolescent coping strategies in relation to anxiety and NSSI behavior, aiming to clarify these multivariate interactions for better understanding and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with NSSI-diagnosed adolescents from Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China, and healthy adolescents from urban schools. Data on background, parenting styles, coping strategies, and anxiety levels were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, MANOVA, and regression analysis. Results Adolescents with NSSI reported higher anxiety levels, more punishment and interference, and less emotional warmth from their fathers compared to the non-NSSI group (p < 0.001). The NSSI group also relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, while the non-NSSI group favored problem-oriented approaches (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed significant effects of NSSI behavior, parenting styles, and coping strategies on anxiety levels. Conclusion This study found that the anxiety levels of NSSI adolescents were significantly higher than those of non-NSSI adolescents in China, which was closely related to less emotional warmth from parents, more punishment and interference, and emotion-focused coping strategies. The results demonstrate that family environment and coping strategies play a critical role in NSSI behavior and anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of emphasizing emotional support and positive coping strategies in the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior.

What you see and what you hear: experiencing a translated Chinese food documentary

ABSTRACT The paper discusses an experiment (N = 81) on how audiovisual translation consumption configurations shape the viewing experience. The configurations we tested used either the original Mandarin audio that the viewers did not understand, or employed English dubbing that the viewers were able to follow. Importantly, in both these experimental conditions subtitles in the viewers’ L1 (Polish) were provided along with the audio. We sought to establish what effects the setup has on viewer experience across three facets: cognitive load, comprehension and immersion. These questions are tested against a Chinese culinary documentary – ‘Flavorful Origins’ (2019) available from Netflix. While English dubbing could here be aiding comprehension that otherwise draws on subtitling only, it could be affecting immersion by introducing an aural component inconsistent with the film's conspicuous Chinese cultural context constructed multimodally. Immersion could then – conversely – be reinforced by access to the uninterpretable original Mandarin track. The effect that either reception configuration has on cognitive load analogously remains to be explored. As earlier studies contrasted revoicing and subtitling, we integrate self-reports, a performance measure and verbal input to offer novel user-centred insights, with a Chinese food documentary as a testing ground.

Plucking Heartstrings: Guqin, Aesthetic Attunement, and TCM Music Therapy

In the Chinese cultural context, music is deeply intertwined with the human heart and plays a central role in both healing and governance. Guqin, an ancient Chinese zither, exemplifies holistic care throughout history, embodying heart-based empathy and resonance. This study draws on insights from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), classic philosophy, literature, and aesthetics to trace a lineage of thinking that continues to inform contemporary music therapy. We examine the Chinese notion of xin/heart and the interdependent self, and how music facilitates individuals’ aesthetic attunement toward the natural and social orders. Our approach transcends limitations of Euro-American psychological paradigms centered on the psyche, by adopting a holistic perspective that emphasizes the interconnectedness of the heart, the body, and the cosmos. We argue for the necessity of moving beyond reductive biomedical treatment models to explore alternative ways of living and alternative care that highlight relational, moral, and aesthetic approaches to well-being.

The Relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Types and Psychological Well-being among College Students in China

Aim: This study explores the relationship between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types and psychological well-being among Chinese college students, examining how cultural factors influence this relationship and identifying key factors impacting students' mental health. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed articles from the past decade. Databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords like "MBTI," "psychological well-being," "college students," and "China." Inclusion criteria included studies on MBTI and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Results: The review found that 64% of extraverted students reported high life satisfaction, compared to 42% of introverted students. Sensing students showed 58% academic satisfaction, while only 45% of intuitive students reported similar satisfaction levels. Thinkers (60%) and feelers (55%) displayed high psychological well-being linked to their respective environments. Judging types reported 70% life satisfaction, whereas only 45% of perceiving types expressed similar satisfaction. These findings underscore the significant impact of MBTI personality types on the psychological well-being of Chinese college students. Conclusion: MBTI types significantly influence psychological well-being among Chinese college students, moderated by cultural, social, and educational factors. Tailored mental health interventions and supportive environments are essential to address the diverse needs of students. Recommendations: Colleges should integrate MBTI-based counseling services, provide flexible learning options, and promote social support networks. These measures will accommodate varying personality types and improve overall student well-being. Implications: Understanding the interplay between MBTI types and psychological well-being within the Chinese cultural context offers valuable insights for educators and mental health professionals. These insights can inform the development of culturally sensitive interventions and support systems, enhancing the mental health and academic success of college students.

Individual Resilience among Adult Children of Parents with Bipolar Disorder in Chinese Society: An Inductive and Deductive Content Analysis Approach.

Nurses can help children of parents with mental illness discover their resilience. However, previous studies have focused on their experience in Western settings and have limited understanding of a Chinese cultural context. This study aims to explore individual resilience emerging from adult children's experience of living with parents with bipolar disorder in Chinese society within the framework of character strengths and possible cultural components. A content analysis with both inductive and deductive approaches. Twenty adults participated in this study. Interviews were conducted while the participants' parents were hospitalized in an acute psychiatric hospital ward. The framework of character strengths confirmed five emergent themes of individual resilience in this study: courage, temperance, humanity, knowledge and wisdom, and transcendence. Character strengths are an adequate framework for understanding of individual resilience. Chinese adult children develop resilience by regulating their emotions, respecting their parents, engaging in self-discipline, and positively interpreting adversity.

Validation of the CRAVE-C scale in Chinese adults: a four-study examination of competing motivations for physical activity versus rest.

The study aimed to validate the Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure (CRAVE) scale among Chinese adults with different health conditions (healthy control, chronic illnesses, and psychiatric disorders) and skill levels (athletes vs. non-athletes). In Study 1, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) was performed on a Chinese sample of emerging adults (N = 481) to evaluate the structural validity of the Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure-Chinese version (CRAVE-C). In Study 2, differences in "Move" and "Rest" desires were examined among patients with psychiatric disorders, patients with chronic illnesses, and healthy controls. In study 3, investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise motivation using the CRAVE-C (N = 83). In Study 4, the changes in "Move" desire from baseline to post-training were compared between athletes and non-athletes. Results from Study 1 indicated that the 10-item CRAVE-C showed good fit indices ( Chi2 (34) = 118.769, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.934, SRMR = 0.053, RMSEA = 0.072). "Move" positively correlated with various factors of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire-Chinese and the Physical Effort Scale-Chinese, while "Rest" correlated negatively. In Study 2, Patients with psychiatric disorders had a significantly higher "Move" desire than healthy controls. Patients with chronic illnesses had a significantly higher "Rest" desire than healthy controls. In Study 3, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a slight increase in "Move" desire (3.26% ± 37.35%) and a decrease in "Rest" desire (18.94% ± 66.99%). Lower fitness was linked to a significant decline in "Move" desire (-54.61% ± 111.33%) and an increase in "Rest" desire (43.62% ± 63.64%). In Study 4, the athlete group demonstrated a significant increase in "Move" desire from baseline to post-training, whereas the non-athlete group reported a significant decrease in "Move" desire from baseline to post-training. The 10-item CRAVE-C has good reliability and validity in the Chinese cultural context and can be used among Chinese adults with different health conditions and skill levels.

Integration of sport and education in China: a case study of a dual career development environment of a Shanghai junior men’s basketball team

ABSTRACT In the context of China’s integration of sports and education (ISE), a Shanghai junior men’s basketball team was established through a collaboration between a district elite sport school and six regular schools. Using the holistic ecological approach, this case study investigated the dual career development environment (DCDE) of the team, aiming to (a) describe the successful DCDE and (b) identify factors influencing its effectiveness (DC-ESF). Data were collected from key stakeholders via participant observations, informal talks, and formal interviews to derive the DCDE and DC-ESF empirical models. The DCDE was characterised by: (a) parents serving as dual career (DC) supporters for their respective children at the micro-level; (b) a supportive and flexible head coach promoting DC development for student-athletes; (c) the ISE Committee bridging the study and sports domains at the macro-level; (d) a shared DC philosophy among parents, providing flexible solutions with the help of the head coach, maintaining the equal importance of sport and study, and viewing student-athletes as developing persons for achieving an optimal DC balance; and (e) helping student-athletes develop multiple identities and DC competencies. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of DCDEs within the Chinese cultural context and supplements the DC discourse.

Development and validation of the ethnic trust scale in China.

Considerable research has shown that ethnic trust reflects the existence of friendly relations among all ethnic groups and ethnic individuals, and can help in resolving ethnic conflicts and contradictions, promoting exchanges among various ethnic groups, which is highly relevant to social stability. This research, including three studies, aimed to explore the conceptual structure of ethnic trust in China, and develop and validate a measurement of the ethnic trust scale. In the first study, we used free association and in-depth interview methodology, applied cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, and grounded theory to construct the theoretical framework of Chinese people's ethnic trust concept. In the second study, we constructed an initial inventory based on the concept dimensions of ethnic trust established in the first study. We screened items by item analysis and extracted common factors using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), thus determining a total of 48 items in the two subscales (interpersonal-oriented ethnic trust subscale and the intergroup-oriented subscale), which consisted of two dimensions including particular trust and universal trust. In the third study, we used first-and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the scale's construct validity. The results indicated a good fit between the two-factor model and the data. And the ethnic trust scale showed very good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha >0.89) and test-retest reliability >0.70. Based on our results, have formed a ethnic trust scale by keeping 48 items, which can beused to measure the levels of interpersonal-oriented and group-oriented ethnic trust within the Chinese cultural context.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Third Edition (CV-GARS-3).

Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Third Edition (GARS-3) serves as an effective screening tool for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is based on the latest and authoritative diagnostic criteria, however, there is a deficiency in adaptive research in China. We aimed to revise the Chinese version of GARS-3 (CV-GARS-3) and evaluate its psychometric characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of ASD screening tools in China. This study developed CV-GARS-3 through translation and cultural adaptation of GARS-3. 362 ASD individuals, 126 typical development individuals, and 103 individuals with other disorders were recruited to analyze the psychometric characteristics of CV-GARS-3. The results showed that exploratory structural equation model demonstrated satisfactory goodness-of-fit. Within the non-verbal ASD samples, all items loaded on anticipated factors. Regarding verbal ASD samples, 3 items exhibited considerable cross-loadings and were categorized under unexpected factors. Meanwhile, acceptable criterion validity was reflected in the four subscales (r = 0.71) and the six subscales (r = 0.74). Satisfactory reliability was observed in the four subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.96, inter-rater consistency = 0.86, test-retest consistency = 0.87) and the six subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.94, inter-rater consistency = 0.81, test-retest consistency = 0.81). In addition, receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that both the four subscales (sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 85%, accuracy = 88%) and the six subscales (sensitivity = 86%, specificity = 88%, accuracy = 86%) had outstanding screening effects. Therefore, the results suggested that the CV-GARS-3 is considered as a useful tool for the screening and auxiliary diagnosis of ASD. Notably, the expression of scale should be further improved to adapt the context of Chinese culture and achieve more precise diagnostic results.

Validation and reliability of the Chinese version of the Friendship Scale (FS-C) in family caregivers of people with severe mental illness

Social isolation has been shown to contribute to negative health outcomes. Within a Chinese cultural context where people highly value social relationships, family caregivers of people with severe mental illness are prone to experience social isolation due to demanding caregiving tasks and prevalent social stigma. However, an instrument that could comprehensively measure social isolation in Chinese family caregivers is lacking. The six-item Friendship Scale was designed to measure social isolation but it has not previously been validated for use in the Chinese context. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Friendship Scale – Chinese version (FS-C) in family caregivers of people with severe mental illness (SMI) (N = 200). Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed FS-C's single-factor structure. FS-C demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72). Convergent validity was supported by moderate to strong correlations with social networks (r = 0.342, p < 0.01) and loneliness (r = −0.608, p < 0.01). Divergent validity was confirmed by a weak correlation with perceived social stigma (r = −0.190, p < 0.01). FS-C is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social isolation among Chinese family caregivers of people with SMI.

Cultural translation of the ethical dimension: a study on the reliability and validity of the Chinese nurses’ professional ethical dilemma scale

BackgroundQuantifying the professional ethical challenges that nurses encounter is crucial for both theoretical insights and practical outcomes. The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese adaptation of the Moral Distress Scale for Healthcare Professionals (MD-APPS).MethodsIn 2024, a survey approach was utilized to engage with several tertiary-level healthcare institutions throughout China. A cohort of 448 nursing professionals who satisfied the specified selection benchmarks was consequently incorporated into the study. To evaluate the scale's reliability and validity, methods including the Content Validity Index (CVI), Factor Analysis—both Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA)—alongside assessments of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were employed.ResultsExpert evaluations yielded an I-CVI of 0.90, suggesting good content validity for the MD-APPS's Chinese adaptation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a bi-dimensional framework with 7 components, explaining 56.34% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) outcomes displayed a χ-square/df ratio of 1.542. The estimate for Robust RMSEA was 0.054, and the SRMR was ascertained to be 0.041. Indices for both Robust TLI and Robust CFI surpassed the 0.9 threshold, indicating an acceptable fit; this aspect was supported by a P-value (Chi-square) of 0.094. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's α, was found to be 0.74, while the test-retest reliability over a two-week period reached 0.964. These findings provide initial evidence for the psychometric properties of the Chinese MD-APPS.ConclusionThe Chinese adaptation of the MD-APPS demonstrates promising initial psychometric properties, suggesting its potential suitability for exploring nurses' professional ethical challenges within the Chinese cultural context. This scale may facilitate the identification of diverse elements influencing nurses' professional ethics and the assessment of the ethical climate in nursing practices. However, further validation studies are needed to fully establish its psychometric robustness across various healthcare settings in China.

The relationship between work-family conflict and job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers: the role of depression and cognitive reappraisal.

Primary and secondary school teachers are a high-risk group for job burnout, and how to alleviate their job burnout has become an increasingly urgent issue. Previous studies have paid less attention to the differential effects of the bidirectional interaction between work and family on the job burnout of the teachers. This study aim to explore the different impact of work-family conflict and family-work conflict on job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers, as well as its underlying mechanisms. This study selected 2,184 primary and secondary school teachers in China (Mage = 37.26; SD = 9.40) as participants using a random sampling method. Using the SPSS Process 4.0 macro plugin constructed a moderated mediation model, the study explored the relationships between two different forms of work-family conflict, depression, cognitive reappraisal, and job burnout. The study results indicated that both forms of work-family conflict were significantly positively related to the job burnout, and this relationship was influenced by the mediating role of depression. Furthermore, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between depression and job burnout. This study revealed the potential pathways influencing job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers in the Chinese cultural context. Focusing on and alleviating work-family conflicts for primary and secondary school teachers is crucial for mitigating their occupational burnout. Additionally, teachers should also carefully and reasonably use cognitive reappraisal as an emotional regulation strategy to adjust the impact of depression on occupational burnout.

The role of fathers’ and mothers’ acceptance in adaptive emotion regulation in Chinese preadolescents: Distinguishing between- and within-person effects

The relationship between parental styles and the regulation of emotions in adolescents has been extensively explored in previous research conducted in Western countries. However, the absence of research conducted within the cultural context of China, combined with imprecise methodologies, impedes the empirical validation of this association. This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between parental acceptance and preadolescent emotion regulation in the Chinese cultural context, utilizing a cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts. The sample comprised 1987 middle school students, with 56.10 % being male and a mean age of 12.32 years, from Guangdong and Shandong provinces. Participants provided feedback on assessments of parental acceptance and emotion regulation at three time points: the first and final semesters of seventh grade and the initial semester of eighth grade. The findings revealed a significant association between the random intercepts of paternal and maternal acceptance and adaptive emotion regulation in preadolescents at the between-person level. However, no statistically significant within-person cross-lagged effect was observed from parental acceptance to preadolescent adaptive emotion regulation. Similarly, changes in preadolescent emotion regulation did not significantly predict changes in parental acceptance. These findings challenge the tripartite model and suggest that the association between parental acceptance and preadolescent adaptive emotion regulation is predominantly influenced by trait-related factors.

Factors influencing cross-cultural adaptation among international students in china: an empirical investigation

With the booming development of international education, China has become an important destination for many international students. However, facing a brand new cultural environment, the cross-cultural adaptation problem of international students has become more and more prominent. Through an empirical investigation, this study aims to reveal the key factors affecting their adaptation process. Through a questionnaire survey this paper collected data from international students in China. The results of the analysis show that factors such as level of interpersonal interaction, Chinese language proficiency, cultural distance, time spent in China, and satisfaction all have a significant impact on international students' cross-cultural adaptation. This study not only provides new perspectives for understanding the process of international students' intercultural adaptation, but also explores the characteristics of sociocultural adaptation of international students in Chinese cultural and educational contexts through known antecedent factors.

Variety of Pu’er Tea, and Bulang Buddhists: A Case Study of Bulang Tea Tradition in Laoman’e Village

This study presents Pu'er tea's range while shedding light on its identity and classifications, which are directly related to Yunnan province's growth. The previous scholarship had widely neglected this topic and failed to examine the diversity of Pu'er tea. However, for this research work, there are four primary objectives: identifying and highlighting ancient and king Pu'er teas; assessing the economic standing of the Bulang Buddhist community; differentiating between these two varieties of Pu'er tea; and exploring the historical context of Chinese tea culture. The study revealed four main findings. The first suggests that tea traders promoted the phrase "Pu'er tea" to integrate and assess all Pu'er area tea varieties in order to enhance sales. The fourth finding, based on Chinese tea history, demonstrates the significance of ancient and King Pu'er teas for the Bulang Buddhist community. The third finding indicates a total of eight varieties of Pu'er tea. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The author conducted in-depth interviews with twenty two study participants and carried out fieldwork in the Laoman'e hamlet in Xishuangbanna, in the Chinese province of Yunnan. This study is significant for the Bulang Buddhist ethnic group of Laoman village, who rely mostly on the ancient and king pu'er tea sale in the mountain region of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China.

The power of routines: Impact of parent-grandparent coparenting relationship quality on post-lockdown child adjustment over the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Child routines and coparenting relationships are respectively recognized in past literature as valid predictors of child adjustment, representing structured daily living and source of support in children’s lives. Under the difficult times of the COVID-19 pandemic, established family processes were shaken by social and mental challenges, which lacked relevant literature regarding the working mechanism in the Chinese cultural context, where parent-grandparent coparenting families commonly reside. The current longitudinal study explores the role of child routines in the effect of mother-grandmother coparenting relationship quality on child adjustment over the period of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The study collected data from 163 mother-grandmother coparenting families before, during, and after the pandemic lockdown in Beijing, China, in a one-year span. The results showed that the consistency of child routines during the pandemic mediated the effect of mothers’ perceived coparenting relationship quality before the pandemic on child social competence after the lockdown, but not on child behavioral and emotional problems. Grandmother’s perceived coparenting relationship quality before the pandemic negatively predicted behavioral and emotional problems after the lockdown, while no indirect effects were found. The current study reiterates the critical role of routine maintenance in the coparenting context on child social-emotional development, particularly when other parts of daily lives were disturbed. Also, separately examining mothers’ and grandmothers’ perceived coparenting relationship quality validates the idea that caregivers played different roles in the family, resulting in disparities in child development mechanisms.

What is a compassionate face? Avoided negative affect explains differences between U.S. Americans and Chinese

ABSTRACT While a compassionate face for Germans mirrors others’ suffering, for U.S. Americans, a compassionate face is one that expresses a slight smile, partly because U.S. Americans want to avoid feeling negative (“avoided negative affect”; ANA) more than do Germans. The present work examines what people in a non-WEIRD (i.e. Chinese) cultural context think a compassionate face looks like. Additionally, it investigates whether an individually-measured cultural variable (i.e. ANA) can explain differences in conceptualisations of compassion between Chinese and U.S. Americans. Participants in China and the U.S. selected the face that most resembles a compassionate face in a reverse correlation task and completed a measure of ANA. As predicted, Chinese mental representations of a compassionate face included more sadness and less happiness compared to U.S. American mental representations of a compassionate face, and Chinese participants wanted to avoid feeling negative less than did U.S. Americans. Finally, ANA mediated the cultural differences in conceptualisations of compassion. We discuss how ANA and conceptualisations of compassion might be related to how people view the experience versus the expression of different emotions. This work has important implications for therapeutic settings and the meaning of compassion in an increasingly globalised and connected world.

Research on the changing mechanism of negative workplace gossip on helping behavior in Chinese cultural context

Based on the moral cleansing theory, our study investigates the effect of negative workplace gossip on helping behavior. In our study, 170 employees of enterprises in China were investigated by Internet questionnaire. The results showed that guilt played a partial mediating role in the influence of negative workplace gossip on helping behavior. Our study further enriched moral cleansing theory, provided a new research perspective and theoretical basis for the study of negative workplace gossip, and also provided new enlightenment for enterprises to cope with employees' negative behaviors.

Examining teacher-child relationship profiles in forecasting children's self-regulation and social-emotional skills: A multilevel latent profile approach

Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial role of teacher-child relationships in children's self-regulation and social-emotional skills. However, whether teacher-child relationship profiles are linked to self-regulation and social-emotional skills remains unclear. The present study employed multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) to explore the teacher-child relationship profiles and their associations with self-regulation and social-emotional skills at both the child and class levels. Utilizing data from 584 children nested in 42 preschool classes, single-level LPA unveiled three teacher-child relationship profiles associated with different self-regulation and social-emotional skills. Notably, closeness and conflict emerged as significant factors in profile assignments. Children with low closeness and high conflict tended to experience challenges in self-regulation and social-emotional skills, whereas those with moderate to high closeness reported better outcomes. Furthermore, MLPA identified three class profiles based on the prevalence of children's profiles and their relationships with different class-mean self-regulation and social-emotional skills. Children's age, gender, and teachers' teaching experience were identified as factors related to child- and class-level profiles. These findings emphasize the interplay between teacher-child relationship profiles and classroom dynamics in relation to children's self-regulation and social-emotional skills within a Chinese cultural context.