Survey Of Chinese College Students Research Articles

A Double-Edged-Sword Effect of Overplacement: Social Comparison Bias Predicts Gambling Motivations and Behaviors in Chinese Casino Gamblers.

Overconfidence, a widely observed cognitive bias, has been linked to increased gambling motivations and behaviors. However, previous studies have largely overlooked overconfidence under a social comparison context, known as overplacement, i.e., the tendency of individuals to believe that they are better than their similar peers. In the present study, we tested the effect of overplacement on gambling motivations and behaviors though a Pilot Survey of Chinese college students (N = 129) and a Field Survey of Chinese Macao casino gamblers (N = 733). Our results revealed a double-edged sword effect of overplacement: Serving as a risk factor, evaluating one self's earning ability as higher than others was linked to more gambling motivations (β = 0.18, p = .005) and frequency (β = 0.18, p = .004); Serving as a protective factor, evaluating oneself as happier than others was linked to less gambling motivations (β = - 0.32, p < .001) and problem behaviors (β = - 0.26, p < .001). These findings expand the relationship between overconfidence and gambling from a cognitive bias perspective to a social comparison perspective. Our study not only revealed a typical profile of gambling motivations and behaviors among different demographic groups in Chinese casino gamblers, but also highlighted the importance of considering social factors in the study of the psychological mechanisms of gambling.

The impact of college experience on female students' self-perceived employability in STEM majors.

The under representation of women in STEM fields is a persistent issue worldwide. In China, although women have made significant progress in pursuing STEM degrees in recent years, they continue to face challenges in the workforce. Given the importance of the self-perceived employability (SPE) of female STEM students in China, the research questions are: How do curriculum experience, extracurricular experience, and faculty supportive activities affect the SPE of female STEM students in Chinese universities? To what extent does university stratification affect the relationship between college experience and female STEM students' SPE? We analyzed the 2018 data of the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) consisting of a sample of 59,066 students, and six focus group interviews. The findings suggest that curriculum experience, extracurricular experience and faculty supportive activities have a positive impact on the SPE of female students, but the gender gap in SPE is still valid as reflected by the fact that women have lower SPE than men in each tier of universities and that men benefit more in terms of the increase in SPE from most types of college activities and support except academic ones. This study reveals that the different tiers of universities in China affect female students' SPE in different ways, and provides valuable evidence for academic as well as university administrators and policymakers regarding how college experience affect women and how university stratification can affect female students' college experience and their career expectations and paths.

Job Preferences and Outcomes for China's College Graduates

AbstractDespite private enterprises dominating China's labour market, college-educated workers are still highly concentrated in the state sector. Using data from the Chinese College Student Survey, we find that 64 per cent of students in the sample expressed a strong preference for state sector employment. We also identify several factors associated with receiving job offers from the state sector, including being male, holding urban hukou status, being a member of the CCP, performing well on standardized tests, attending elite universities and having higher household income or high-status parental backgrounds. These findings suggest that despite China's economic transition, the private sector may still struggle to attract highly educated workers.

Intention patterns predicting college students' volunteer service participation

Volunteer service activities of college students are crucial for universities to educate students on civic engagement. Education laws and scientific methods must be employed to enhance college students' willingness to volunteer and actively participate in volunteer service activities. Based on literature collection and collation, this study takes the theory of planned behaviour as the basic framework, includes the dimension of "cognition," designs the questionnaire, and discusses the relationship among the relevant factors that affect the volunteer service behaviour of college students. Cognition, defined as understanding volunteerism's personal and social benefits, positively predicted attitudes, norms, and control, but not directly behaviour. A sample survey of Chinese college students and a correlation analysis of effective questionnaires demonstrate that college students' volunteer service attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control positively impact volunteer service behaviour intention, which can predict volunteer service behaviour. College students' cognition of volunteer service significantly and positively impacts their attitude toward it, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control but does not directly impact their volunteer service behaviour. Thus, the following aspects must be improved: guiding attitude, creating atmosphere, improving mechanisms, innovating projects, strengthening cognition, and implementing practical education. The findings of this study can help colleges and universities to clarify the impact mechanism of college students' volunteer service cognition on their volunteer service behaviour. It contributes new evidence on optimising the student environment to engage youth in building community well.

Machine Learning Application in cfDNA Analysis to Achieve Tumour Assessment

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Early and accurate screening of BC is a promising way of reducing the proportion of patients with advanced stages of BC. In recent years, the non-invasive test of tumour diagnosis by assessing the level of Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become a research hotspot. Here, we demonstrate the use of random forest models to predict BC by evaluating the levels of 26 known breast cancer-related cfDNA methylation molecular markers (model-tested accuracy of 67.88%). Then, we improved the accuracy of the model to 71.52% by parameter optimization. In addition, considering that the diagnosis of BC is closely related to the health of every female, we have extended the project from scientific research to social investigation by carrying out a sample survey of Chinese college students to understand various perspectives on the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of diseases. We found that the response was rather optimistic, while some participants showed concerns about the maturity of the technology and the disclosure of privacy. Therefore, future research should focus on the optimisation of the machine learning model, so as to effectively improve the accuracy of diagnosis and provide better pre-service for the population at risk of cancer.

What learning strategies influence higher-order learning behaviours of medical students?

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the application of learning strategies and the emergence of higher-order learning behaviours among medical students in Chinese provincial undergraduate colleges, while also examining the impact of social demographic variables on the development of higher-order learning behaviours and learning strategy preferences. Methodology We conducted a relevant cross-sectional study using the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) online questionnaire to evaluate higher-order learning behaviours and learning strategies in medical undergraduate students attending provincial colleges in China. A total of 992 valid questionnaires were collected and analysed using SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). We performed statistical analysis using one-sample t-tests to compare the results with the national norm score for medical subjects in undergraduate colleges. We also conducted variance analysis and regression analysis. Results The study found that the average scores for higher-order learning behaviours, enquiry-based learning and receptive learning behaviour among medical undergraduate students in provincial colleges were higher than the national norm score for medical subjects, indicating a positive trend. However, the average scores for other indicators were lower than the national norm score. The utilization of learning strategies and the development of higher-order learning behaviours among students were affected by various factors such as grade and gender. The study suggests that the preference for certain learning strategies, such as enquiry-based, receptive, integrative and collaborative, can have a significant impact on the emergence of higher-order learning behaviours. Conclusions The study has demonstrated a positive correlation between the utilization of learning strategies and the development of higher-order learning behaviours. This relationship has been observed in medical students attending provincial undergraduate colleges, where the adoption of enquiry-based, receptive, integrative and collaborative learning strategies has been found to significantly influence the emergence of higher-order learning behaviours. KEY MESSAGES The implementation of learning strategies among medical students in provincial undergraduate colleges in China has a significant impact on high-level learning behaviours. The impact of high-level learning behaviours is reliant on comprehensive support from four distinct learning strategies: receptive learning, inquiry-based learning, comprehensive learning and collaborative learning. One of the most impactful learning strategies is receptive learning, particularly on high-order learning behaviours. On the other hand, reflective learning does not seem to have a significant effect. Changes in grades can significantly impact higher-order learning behaviours and affect the propensity for reflective and collaborative learning strategies. Females generally exhibit a greater preference for receptive learning strategies, while males tend to exhibit a greater preference for inquiry-based learning strategies

Mechanisms Influencing Learning Gains Under Information Security: Structural Equation Modeling with Mediating Effect

With the expanding enrollments in higher education, the quality of college education and the learning gains of students have attracted much attention. It is important to study the influencing factors and mechanisms of individual students’ acquisition of learning gains to improve the quality of talent cultivation in colleges. However, in the context of information security, the original data of learning situation surveys in various universities involve the security of educational evaluation data and daily privacy of teachers and students. To protect the original data, data feature mining and correlation analyses were performed at the model level. This study selected 12,181 pieces of data from X University, which participated in the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) from 2018 to 2021. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and a structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 24.0. Through hypothesis testing, this study explored the mechanisms that influence learning gains from the perspectives of student involvement, teacher involvement, and school support. The results indicated that the quality of student involvement has an important mediating effect on learning gains and that a supportive campus environment has the greatest influence on learning gains. Establishing positive emotional communications between teachers and students is a more direct and effective method than improving the teaching level to improve the quality of student involvement. This study discusses the implications of these results on the research and practice of connotative development in higher education.

Research on the Relationship between Physical Literacy, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.

This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to investigate the PL, MVPA, LPA, and SB. There were 2996 valid questionnaires with 829 boys and 2167 girls. The MVPA, LPA, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls, while the SB values were significantly lower in girls (p&nbsp;< 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the two indexes except for SB and LPA. Path analysis shows that PL directly, significantly, and positively affects MVPA. PL reduces SB (β = -0.085, p < 0.001) and increases LPA (β = 0.097, p < 0.001). The total mediation effect accounted for 14.014%, and the mediation effects of SB and LPA accounted for 4.417% and 9.597%, respectively. LPA and SB partially mediated the relation between PL and MVPA. SB and LPA partially explain the impact of PL on MVPA. The findings suggest that managing SB and improving LPA could play a significant indirect role in increasing the positive effect of PL on MVPA and that increasing the opportunities for LPA increased the MVPA for Chinese college students.

Assessing University and Programme Experiences: Towards an Integrated Asia Pacific Approach

Effective assessment of university experiences is critical for quality assurance/enhancement but fragmented across the Pacific-Asian universities. A shared conceptual and measurement foundation for understanding student experiences is a necessary first step for inter-institutional communication across the region. The current study is a first step toward such a foundation, uniting two of the most internationally and locally prominent instruments: Chinese College Student Survey (university engagement; Mainland China) and Student Learning Experience Questionnaire (programme engagement; Hong Kong). The survey was completed by students from one research-intensive Hong Kong university (n = 539). Random, split-half CFA, latent-reliability, pair-wise correlations, ANOVA (gender) and MANOVA (faculty) were conducted. Factor-structure (good CFA fit for the test/retest) and scale reliability (0.07 &amp;gt; Raykov’s Rho) suggested a robust, short (63-items) survey resulted. Intra-/inter-survey relationships were consistent with the existing Student Engagement and Student Approaches to Learning theory. ANOVA indicated small differences for gender for a few latent constructs, but MANOVA revealed substantial differences across the 10 faculties. This study resulted in a robust Pacific-Asian intra-/inter-institutional student experience instrument which brings together two equally important perspectives on the student experience. This comprehensive student engagement instrument stands ready for cross-national and longitudinal tests. The new instrument’s benefits extend to theoretical connections to student experience assessment in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom enabling international connections to be made.

College students responding to the Chinese version of Cardiff fertility knowledge scale show deficiencies in their awareness: a cross-sectional survey in Hunan, China

BackgroundFertility knowledge is vital to the fertility health of young people and greatly impacts their fertility choices. Delayed childbearing has been increasing in high-income countries, accompanied by the risk of involuntary childlessness or having fewer children than desired. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about fertility issues, the related influencing factors, the method of acquiring fertility knowledge, and the relationship between fertility knowledge and fertility intentions among college students.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students was conducted in Hunan Province from March to April 2018. A total of 867 college students from three comprehensive universities responded to a poster invitation utilizing the Chinese version of the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-C). Data were explored and analysed by SPSS (version 22.0) software. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, T-tests, and Pearson’s correlations were used for the measurements.ResultsThe average percent-correct score on the CFKS-C was 49.9% (SD = 20.8), with greater knowledge significantly related to living in a city district, being not single status, majoring in medicine, being in year 4 or above of study, and intention to have children (all p<0.05). A total of 81.9% of the participants reported that they would like to have children, the average score of the importance of childbearing was 6.3 (SD = 2.7), and the female score was lower than the male score (p = 0.001). A small positive relationship was observed between the CFKS-C and the importance of childbearing (r = 0.074, p = 0.035). Respondents indicated that they gained most of their knowledge from the media and internet (41.4%) and from schools (38.2%).ConclusionYong people in college have a modest level of fertility knowledge, a relatively low intention to have a child, and deficiencies in fertility health education. There is a need to improve the accessibility of fertility health services by developing a scientific and reliable fertility health promotion strategy.

Marriage and parenthood preferences among college students in China

Using data from a recent survey of Chinese college students, this study examines the contextual factors associated with young adults’ preferences for marriage and parenthood. The analyses demonstrate that females and males prefer a later age at marriage, less than two children, and a relatively short timing between marriage and first birth. Pro-natalist attitudes and religiosity are shown to significantly influence childbearing preferences, while parental characteristics have a strong association with males’ preferences, but comparatively less with females’. The analyses suggest that young Chinese adults are still influenced by traditional cultural expectations, but that individual traits are also important. The potential influence of cultural globalization and changing Chinese gender roles are discussed.

Expansion and inequality of higher education in China: how likely would Chinese poor students get to success?

ABSTRACTThis article tests effectively maintained inequality theory against the case of China. Employing Chinese College Student Survey data from 2012, the study elaborates on the rationale and causes behind the expansion of higher education over the last two decades and the impact this has had on the system. Rather than empowering disadvantaged students, the findings show that the expansion of Chinese higher education fails to reduce the inequity in China, in particular in providing low socio-economic status students access to elite Chinese universities and obtaining good positions in the job market.

Development of a Conceptual Model and Questionnaire of Principled Negotiation

Objectives Principled negotiation, proposed by Fisher and Ury, is a tool used in many disputes, but it has received some criticism, especially for its lack of empirical evidence. In this paper, we use an empirical method to study the principled negotiation model and develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation. Methods Firstly, we build a conceptual model of principled negotiation and propose the hypothesis that the principled negotiation model is constituted of four dimensions–the adult-ego people, harmonious interest, creative options, and fair criteria. Secondly, we develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation with the procedures and principles of scientific scale development. Lastly, through a survey of Chinese college students in China and data analysis, we confirm our hypothesis by using item analysis, reliability analysis, and validity analysis. Results The results of our exploratory research of the principled negotiation model are ideal, and the obtained four-factor model can reasonably fit the data. The validity of this questionnaire is found to be good, and the questionnaire of principled negotiation passes the tests of reliability and validity. Conclusions The main variables of the questionnaire of principled negotiation were identified by applying a logical approach. The four dimensions (people, interests, options, and criteria) were obtained from the literature and an in-depth quantitative assessment. This questionnaire of principled negotiation can provide a practical guide for negotiators and researchers who wish to use a scientific measuring tool.

Political capital and intergenerational mobility: Evidence from elite college admissions in China

In this article, we examine the intergenerational influence of political capital on educational attainment. Most previous researchers have focused on the centrality of political cadres to the redistribution of resources in transitional economies, yet the intergenerational mobility of these cadres has rarely been discussed. We use data from the 2010 Chinese College Student Survey to investigate the effects of cadre parent status on children’s admission to elite colleges in China. The results reveal that the children of cadre parents are more likely to attend elite colleges. According to the results of China’s standardized college entrance examinations, the children of cadre parents are not innately more intelligent than the children of non-cadre parents. However, children with cadre parents are more likely to attend elite senior high schools, which increases their likelihood of gaining entrance to elite colleges.

A survey of student engagement of pharmaceutical students in medical colleges

Objective By means of valueadded reflection of students' learning behavior, this article gives an objective description of the current situation of pharmaceutical undergraduate education and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the connotation construction of pharmaceutical education. Method Using the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) developed by Tsinghua University and Indiana University (US), 1100 students participated in a one-to-one web-based anonymous questionnaire, and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the data. Five comparable indexes and students' recognition behaviors were discussed using descriptive analysis and independent sample t test. Result The five comparable index scores and learning behavior skill index scores of the students in Chinese traditional medicine specialty and pharmacy were higher than the national overall level of all kinds of colleges and universities of science categories. Compared with the national norm of medical colleges, except that the score of 43.36 of the five comparable indexes in pharmaceutical professional academic challenge (level of academic challenge, LAC) was less than 43.63 national medical colleges LAC norm level, the other index scores were higher. LAC and active collaborative learning scores of Chinese pharmaceutical majors were lower than those of pharmacy students, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). In the study of behavioral skills, the scores of two major students' use, evaluation and comprehensive behavior were lower than the national standard of medical institutions, and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical majors (P<0.05). Conclusion Teaching experience and learning support need to be optimized for pharmaceutical students. Learning scientificalness and comprehensive abilities in pharmaceutical education need to be improved. Mid and higher level of learning behavior needs to be enhanced for pharmaceutical students. Key words: The major of Chinese materia medica; Pharmacy major; CCSS (Chinese college student survey); Learning situation; Investigation

How are Chinese Students Ideologically Divided? A Survey of Chinese College Students' Political Self-Identification

Students have always played an important role in defining the politics of China, and their ideological orientation shapes the nature of student politics. Through a survey of students from six elite universities, this study explores the outlook of Chinese youth's political identities and analyzes the factors conditioning their identity formation. The results reveal three trends. First, the majority of these college students either claim themselves to be apolitical or to be liberals. Second, among various channels of political (re)socialization, family plays a weak role, while mass media has a strong influence on students' political orientation. Peking University, the base for nurturing liberals in the 1990s, has now yielded this role to universities specializing in economics and finance, thus suggesting the impact of economic liberalism since the 1990s. Third, gender, education level, academic major, family income and Communist Party membership are all good indicators of students' political identities. These results are interpreted in the context of student movements and intellectual transition in China over the past four decades.

The relationship between classroom assessment and undergraduates' learning within Chinese higher education system

Although assessment and improvement of student performance is the focus of much research around the world, investigation of this topic is rare in Chinese higher education. The present study is the first to explore the relationship between classroom assessment and student learning in Chinese higher education institutions based on the data from Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS) 2011. First, the study describes how undergraduates experience and evaluate assessment carried out at the curriculum level. Second, the study investigates whether a structural model of classroom assessment on student learning represents the national data of CCSS. Third, the study explores the relationship between classroom assessment and undergraduates' learning process and outcome. The results suggest that the assessment characterized by communication and conversation between academic staff/faculty and students has larger effect on student learning than the assessment without communication and conversation. The major messages for Chinese higher education are the importance of making examinations part of rather than the end of learning, the importance of integrating paper/report writing into learning, and the importance of providing meaningful and timely feedback to students about their assessment tasks. Perhaps most importantly overall is the need for better communication between faculty and students.

Poverty in China's Colleges and the Targeting of Financial Aid

AbstractWe use the Chinese College Student Survey, conducted in 2010, to examine levels of poverty among students on China's campuses. With the poverty line defined as the college-specific expenditures a student needs to maintain a basic living standard on campus, we find that 22 per cent of college students in China are living in poverty. Poverty is more severe among students from rural or western parts of the country. With a targeting count error of more than 50 per cent, it is important that the college need-based aid programme be improved. Lacking other income sources, poor students rely heavily on loans and paid employment to finance their college education.

The influence of online forum and SNS use on online political discussion in China: Assessing “Spirals of Trust”

Echoing the significance of mobile online networks in fueling the Arab Spring, the present study seeks to better understand social media influences in China by studying political activity among Chinese netizens. A survey of Chinese college students examines the influence of online social networks in the context of political attitudes and political participation. Study results reveal a moderate but positive impact of online forum and social networking site use on online political discussion. Implications for political change in the social networking era, particularly in regimes that practice Internet censorship like China’s, are discussed.

Movie piracy and sales displacement in two samples of Chinese consumers

Intellectual property piracy is widely believed, by authorities in both US industry and government, to be rampant in China. Because we lack evidence on the rate at which unpaid consumption displaces paid consumption, we know little about the size of the effect of pirate consumption on the volume of paid consumption. We provide direct evidence on both the volume of unpaid consumption and the rate of sales displacement for movies in China using two surveys administered in late 2008 and mid-2009. First, using a survey of Chinese college students’ movie consumption and an empirical approach parallel to a similar recent study of US college students, we find that three quarters of movie consumption is unpaid and that each instance of unpaid consumption displaces 0.14 paid consumption instances. Second, a survey of online Chinese consumers reveals similar patterns of paid and unpaid movie consumption but a displacement rate of roughly zero. We speculate on the small displacement rate finding relative to most of the piracy literature.