Chimpanzee Material Culture Research Articles

Social influences on ant-dipping acquisition in the wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of Bossou, Guinea, West Africa

We currently have little understanding of the influence of learning opportunity, whether social or environmental, and maternal role on tool-use acquisition in young wild chimpanzees. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the acquisition of ant-dipping among chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea. Ant-dipping is a hazardous tool-use behaviour aimed at army ants (Dorylus spp.). Bossou chimpanzees target these ants both at nests (high risk) and trails (low risk) and employ two techniques to consume them: direct mouthing and pull-through. We present data for 13 mother-offspring pairs (1-10 years old). Mothers with young < or =5 years old dipped significantly more often at trails than at nests, thus minimizing the risk posed to themselves and their young. Infants thus benefited from better conditions to observe and practice ant-dipping. Mothers also varied greatly in their percent time spent ant-dipping and offspring differed in their learning opportunity. Our results suggest that high opportunity young started to observe and perform ant-dipping sooner and were better at ant-dipping than low opportunity young. Although mothers and weaned offspring correlated positively in their percent time spent dipping and proficiency, they did not match in technique used or tool length. Finally, we propose that the learning trajectory of young may predict individual and sex differences in adulthood. This study demonstrates the important role of mothers and learning opportunity in the acquisition of a hazardous tool-use behaviour and suggests that chimpanzee material culture is a product of a complex interaction between social processes and ecological factors.

Chaînes opératoires and resource-exploitation strategies in chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) nut cracking

We apply archaeological methods to extend our knowledge of chimpanzee material culture. The chaîne opératoire conceptual framework, as introduced by ethnography, established technology as a phased process. Prehistoric archaeology adopted this concept to elucidate technological variability in tool-making procedures, based on knowledge of tool functions or subsistence patterns. We focused on the detection of operational sequences by wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus) when nut cracking with lithic implements at the sites of Bossou and Diecké, Guinea, West Africa. Thus, while it has recently been claimed that chimpanzees leave behind recognizable assemblages of stone hammers that can be morphologically distinguished from Oldowan hammers, this is the first study to focus specifically on the existence of operational sequences during the utilization of stone tools by wild chimpanzees. By combining primatological and archaeological methods and examining ecological areas inhabited by different chimpanzee groups, we sought technological variability and identified variables influencing regional diversity in tool typology and technology. We compared three case studies: (1) Bossou—direct recording of experimental nut-cracking sessions; (2) Bossou— direct and indirect monitoring of nut-cracking sites in the wild; (3) Diecké—indirect monitoring of nut-cracking sites in the wild. Results suggest that chimpanzees perform sequences of repeated tool transport and nut cracking. Data show discrimination of tool functions based on tool features. We identified the most technologically complex tool for nut cracking, which was composed of four stones. We found regional diversity in chimpanzee stone assemblages. Raw-material type and tool mobility constrain technological development in human and nonhuman primates. Spatial analysis of tool distribution indicates a pattern of resource-exploitation strategy, revealing affinities with Oldowan.

Archaeological Analysis Does Not Support Intentionality in the Production of Brushed Ends on Chimpanzee Termiting Tools

Some chimpanzees use 2 types of tools to extract underground termites for consumption. Chimpanzees insert thin, flexible probes into tunnels or holes in termite mounds (fishing), and sometimes use stouter, rigid sticks to first puncture the holes and also possibly to fish. Many puncturing sticks have distinctive “brushed” ends. Researchers have hypothesized that chimpanzees create the brushed ends intentionally to increase their affixibility to biting termites (Sugiyama, 1985). The results of our archaeological analysis of a large collection of puncturing sticks used by Central African chimpanzees falsifies this hypothesis, and instead agrees with the recent behavioral observations of Sanz et al. (2004; cf. Bermejo and Illera, 1999) that brushing is a coincidental result of procuring sticks from vegetation sources. The results highlight the positive contribution of an archaeological approach to problems in chimpanzee material culture and emphasize to primatologists the value of curating artifacts.

The cultured chimpanzee: reflections on cultural primatology

1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Disciplines 4. Creatures other than primates 5. Primates 6. Chimpanzee ethnography 7. Chimpanzee material culture 8. Chimpanzee society 9. Lessons from cultural primatology 10. Does cultural primatology have a future?

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) tool use in the Ngotto Forest, Central African Republic

Over a 7-month period, stick tools constructed by chimpanzees were collected and measured at the Ngotto Forest site in Central African Republic. The chimpanzees were found to use tools to dip for ants and to probe for honey. The basic descriptions of these tools and the contexts in which they were found are presented. The lengths of two of the tool types were compared with the use of a t-test for independent groups. It was found that the lengths of the tools differed significantly depending upon their function. The location and habitat type of each tool site were plotted on a map. The tool types were distributed throughout the southern part of the study area, and with one exception all tool sites were found in the same type of habitat. Two tool sites with two other types of tools (honey hammer/club and ant club) were found. The tool types at Ngotto are compared with those found at other chimpanzee field sites, and the implications for diversity in chimpanzee material culture are discussed.

Chimpanzee Material Culture

EthologyVolume 106, Issue 7 p. 671-671 Chimpanzee Material Culture First published: 25 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2000.00594-5.xRead the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume106, Issue7July 2000Pages 671-671 RelatedInformation

Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes

1. Exploring the minds of the great apes: Issues and controversies Anne E. Russon and Kim A. Bard Part I. The Scope of Great Ape Intelligence: 2. Chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys: Comparative cognition James R. Anderson 3. Acting and understanding: tool use revisited through the minds of capuchin monkeys Elisabetta Visalberghi and Luca Limongelli 4. Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaques and chimpanzees Frans B.M. de Waal and Filippo Aureli 5. The misunderstood ape: Cognitive skills of the gorilla Richard W. Byrne 6. Ostensive behavior in great apes: the role of eye contact Juan Carlos Gomez 7. Imitation in everyday use: matching and rehearsal in the spontaneous imitation of rehabilitant orangutans Anne E. Russon 8. 'More is less': the elicitation of rule-governed resource distribution in chimpanzees Sarah T. Boysen 9. Tool-using behavior in wild Pan paniscus: Social and ecological considerations Ellen J. Ingmanson 10. Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa Tetsuro Matsuzawa and Gen Yamakoshi Part II. Organization of Great Ape Intelligence: Development, Culture and Evolution: 11. Influences on development in infant chimpanzees: Enculturation, temperament and cognition Kim A. Bard and Kathryn H. Gardner 12. Heterochrony and the evolution of primate cognitive development Jonas Langer 13. Simon says: The development of imitation in an enculturated orangutan H. Lyn Miles, Robert W. Mitchell and Stephen E. Harper 14. Imitation, pretense, and mindreading: secondary representation in comparative primatology and developmental psychology? Andrew Whiten 15. Self-awareness and self-knowledge in humans, apes and monkeys Daniel Hart and Mary Pat Karmel 16. Apprenticeship in tool-mediated extractive foraging: the origins of imitation, teaching and self-awareness in great apes Sue Taylor Parker 17. The effect of humans on the cognitive development of apes Josep Call and Michael Tomasello 18. Three approaches for assessing chimpanzee culture Christophe Boesch 19. On the wild side of culture and cognition in the great apes Sue Taylor Parker and Anne E. Russon Index.

The Genomic Record of Humankind's Evolutionary Roots

Taxa above the genus level that are referred to in the text are indicated here in boldface. Order Primates (63 Ma) Semiorder Strepsirhini (50 Ma) Suborder Lemuriformes (45 Ma) Infraorder Chiromyiformes Family Daubentoniidae, Daubentonia: aye-ayes Infraorder Eulemurides Superfamily Lemuroidea (28 Ma) Family Cheirogaleidae (22 Ma) Subfamily Microcebinae, Microcebus: mouse lemurs Subfamily Cheirogaleinae, Cheirogaleus: dwarf lemurs Family Indridae, Propithecus: sifakas Family Lemuridae, Eulemur: brown lemurs Suborder Loriformes Family Loridae (23 Ma) Subfamily Galagoninae, Otolemur: bush babies Subfamily Perodicticinae, Perodicticus: pottos Subfamily Lorinae, Nycticebus: slow lorises Semiorder Haplorhini (58 Ma) Suborder Tarsiiformes Family Tarsiidae, Tarsius: tarsiers Suborder Anthropoidea (40 Ma) Infraorder Platyrrhini Superfamily Ceboidea (26 Ma) Family Cebidae (22 Ma) Subfamily Cebinae (20 Ma) Tribe Cebini, Cebus: capuchin monkeys Tribe Saimiriini, Saimiri: squirrel monkeys Subfamily Aotinae, Aotus: night monkeys Subfamily Callitrichinae Tribe Callitrichini (13 Ma) Subtribe Saguinina, Saguinus: tamarins Subtribe Leontopithecina, Leontopithecus: golden lion tamarins Subtribe Callimiconina, Callimico: goeldi's monkeys Subtribe Callitrichina Callithrix (Callithrix): marmosets (jacchus group) Callithrix (Cebuella): pygmy marmosets Callithrix (Mico): marmosets (argentata group) Family Pitheciidae Subfamily Pitheciinae (19 Ma) Tribe Callicebini, Callicebus: titi monkeys Tribe Pitheciini Subtribe Pitheciina (11 Ma) Pithecia: saki monkeys Chiropotes (Chiropotes): bearded saki monkeys Chiropotes (Cacajao): uacari monkeys Family Atelidae Subfamily Atelinae (17 Ma) Tribe Alouattini, Alouatta: howler monkeys Tribe Atelini (12 Ma) Subtribe Atelina, Ateles: spider monkeys Subtribe Brachytelina (10 Ma) Lagothrix: woolly monkeys Brachyteles: woolly spider monkeys Infraorder Catarrhini Superfamily Cercopithecoidea (25 Ma) Family Cercopithecidae Subfamily Cercopithecinae (15 Ma) Tribe Colobini (10 Ma) Subtribe Colobina, Colobus: colobus monkeys Subtribe Presbytina (7 Ma) Trachypithecus: langurs Nasalis: proboscis monkeys Tribe Cercopithecini (10 Ma) Subtribe Cercopithecina (9 Ma) Cercopithecus: guenons Erythrocebus: patas monkeys Chlorocebus: green monkeys Subtribe Papionina (9 Ma) Macaca: macaques Cercocebus (Cercocebus): terrestrial mangabeys Cercocebus (Mandrillus): mandrills, drills Papio (Papio): baboons (hamadryas group) Papio (Theropithecus): gelada baboons Papio (Lophocebus): arboreal mangabeys Family Hominidae Subfamily Homininae (18 Ma) Tribe Hylobatini Subtribe Hylobatina (8 Ma) Symphalangus: siamangs Hylobates: gibbons Tribe Hominini (14 Ma) Subtribe Pongina, Pongo: orangutans Subtribe Hominina (7 Ma) Gorilla: gorillas Homo (Homo): humans Homo (Pan): chimpanzees, bonobosAdditional relevant references are included in a Supplemental Reading List, which appears, in the electronic version of this article, immediately after the References.

ウィリアム・C・マックグルー著/西田利貞監訳/足立薫・鈴木滋訳『文化の起源をさぐる-チンパンジーの物質文化』中山書店, 1996年407頁

ウィリアム・C・マックグルー著/西田利貞監訳/足立薫・鈴木滋訳『文化の起源をさぐる-チンパンジーの物質文化』中山書店, 1996年407頁

Chimpanzee material culture

Chimpanzee material culture

New Directions in Primate Research: Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution . W. C. McGrew. ; Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus . N. G. Jablonski.

Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. W. C. McGrew Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus. N. G. Jablonski

Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution.W. C. McGrew

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksChimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. W. C. McGrew Richard G. KleinRichard G. Klein Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 69, Number 3Sep., 1994 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/418725 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1994 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Probably never human. Review of chimpanzee material culture: Implications for human evolution, by W.C. McGrew. Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, 1992, 277 pp, $79.95, cloth

Probably never human. Review of chimpanzee material culture: Implications for human evolution, by W.C. McGrew. Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, 1992, 277 pp, $79.95, cloth

From the Hand of PanChimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution.William McGrew

Previous articleNext article No AccessBooksFrom the Hand of Pan Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. William McGrew Nicholas TothNicholas Toth Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 34, Number 5Dec., 1993 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/204225 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1993 The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological ResearchPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Chimpanzee material culture: implications for human evolution

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Pongidae) among all other living species, is our closest relation, with whom we last shared a common ancestor less than five million years ago. These African apes make and use a rich and varied kit of tools. Of the primates, and even of the other Great Apes, they are the only consistent and habitual tool-users. Chimpanzees meet the criteria of working definitions of culture as originally devised for human beings in socio-cultural anthropology. They show sex differences in using tools to obtain and to process a variety of plant and animal foods. The technological gap between chimpanzees and human societies living by foraging (hunter-gatherers) is surprisingly narrow, at least for food-getting. Different communities of chimpanzees have different tool-kits, and not all of this regional and local variation can be explained by the varied physical and biotic environments in which they live. Some differences are likely customs based on non-functionally derived and symbolically encoded traditions. Chimpanzees serve as heuristic, referential models for the reconstruction of cultural evolution in apes and humans from an ancestral hominoid. However, chimpanzees are not humans, and key differences exist between them, though many of these apparent contrasts remain to be explored empirically and theoretically.

Chimpanzee material culture: Implications for human evolution. By W. C. McGrew. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1992. xvi + 277 pp. ISBN 0‐521‐42371‐6 $79.95 (cloth)

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 91, Issue 3 p. 393-395 Book Review Chimpanzee material culture: Implications for human evolution. By W. C. McGrew. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1992. xvi + 277 pp. ISBN 0-521-42371-6 $79.95 (cloth) Barbara J. King, Barbara J. King Department of Anthropology College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this author Barbara J. King, Barbara J. King Department of Anthropology College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330910315AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume91, Issue3July 1993Pages 393-395 RelatedInformation

Tools of our making

Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. By W. C. McGrew. Cambridge University Press: 1992. Pp. 277. £40, $79.95 (hbk); £16.95, $27.95 (pbk).

Review of Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution.

Review of Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution.