Chili Seedlings Research Articles

Lithium chloride in seed germination and initial growth of Guajillo chili seedlings

Lithium chloride in seed germination and initial growth of Guajillo chili seedlings

Elimination of ineffective inorganic salt component in medium for indole‐3‐acetic acid synthesis by Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 and its effect on the growth of chili seedlings

Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is an essential phytohormone that controls a variety of plant growth mechanisms. Bacteria can produce IAA to stimulate plant growth, with its production influenced by the culture conditions. Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is recognized as an IAA‐producing bacterium, exhibiting maximum IAA production in a yeast medium comprising yeast extract, sucrose, K2HPO4, MgSO4, NaCl, and CaCO3. However, prior studies optimizing individual inorganic salt components indicated minimal impact on IAA synthesis within this medium. This study aimed to eliminate the unnecessary inorganic salt components and the medium was then applied to investigate the IAA biosynthesis pathway and the plant growth‐promoting assay. The elimination assay consisted of yeast sucrose medium devoid of K2HPO4, MgSO4, NaCl, or CaCO3, and yeast sucrose medium containing only MgSO4 and CaCO3. Various indole compounds were then added to the revised medium composition to investigate the IAA biosynthesis pathway of UBCF_13 using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the effect of UBCF_13 culture supernatant, cultivated in the new medium, on chili plant growth was evaluated. The highest IAA production (138.8 µg/mL) was observed in the yeast sucrose with CaCO3 and MgSO4 (elimination of K2HPO4 and NaCl). The presence of indole‐3‐acetamide (IAM) compound from the medium extracts, supplemented with multiple indole compounds, revealed that UBCF_13 may use the IAM pathway. The application of UBCF_13 supernatant enhanced the shoot, root length, fresh weight, and germination time of chili seeds by 37.7%, 49.3%, 204.3%, and 38.6%, respectively. This study demonstrated that eliminating K2HPO4 and NaCl provided a new culture medium composition conducive to IAA production by UBCF_13. Moreover, the UBCF_13 extract has the potential to promote plant growth.

Strategy to increase the growth of sweet banana varieties of chili (Capsicum sp) using Gamma Ray Radiation

Chili (Capsicum sp) is a herbaceous plant from the eggplant family and is thought to originate from Mexico, Central America, and the Andes region in South America. This research was carried out from November 2023 to May 2024. Sweet Banana Variety Chili Seeds were sent to the Isotope Application Center and Radiation (PAIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49 Cilandak-South Jakarta. Irradiated seeds were planted in the Green House of Labuhanbatu University, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra. The design used was a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replications. The experiment used a single factor, namely gamma rays, on sweet banana variety chili seeds with 4 treatment levels: Control (0 Gy), 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy. In this study, 20 plant units were observed. Based on the results of observations of the growth of sweet banana variety chili seedlings, seedling growth was different in each treatment, and most of the seedlings were only able to survive at an irradiation level of 100 Gy. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the gamma-ray radiation factor was significantly different from the number of leaves (strands) in the 2nd week after planting, but was not significantly different 4 weeks after planting. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the gamma-ray radiation factor was significantly different 2 weeks after planting, a further DMRT test was carried out at a level of 5%.

Analysis of growth and wilting point of chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings using three types of planting media

Analysis of growth and wilting point of chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings using three types of planting media

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Producing Yeasts in the Phyllosphere of Legumes: Benefits for Chili Growth

Plant growth-promoting yeast (PGPY), which is associated with plants, has demonstrated the ability to enhance plant growth and crop yield and provide an effective alternative strategy for reducing the extensive use of chemical fertilizers. However, plant development and yield effects of the phyllosphere yeast have received comparatively little research. Therefore, 95 phylloplane yeast were isolated from the leaves of plants in Leguminosae, and their capability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) broth supplemented with L-tryptophan was evaluated in this research. Forty-two isolates were selected, due to their ability to produce IAA. Among these isolates, 7 showed high IAA production of more than 40 mg/g DW in YPD with tryptophan as the precursor. These strains were identified as Candida tropicalis, Pichia kudriavzevii and Tortispora caseinolytica based on morphological and D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA sequence analysis. Other plant growth promotion traits, including the solubilization of phosphate, production of ammonia and siderophores and ACC deaminase activity, were also investigated. The results revealed that Candida tropicalis KPS2219 exhibited maximum IAA production of 54.10 mg/g DW, high ammonia production at 1.16 mg/mL and siderophore production. In a greenhouse experiment, the ability of C. tropicalis KPS2219 to enhance the growth of chili seedlings was investigated. The results revealed that seed priming followed by foliar spraying with C. tropicalis KPS2219 significantly increased the root length, shoot length, root dry weight and stem dry weight of the seedlings by 17.72, 29.15, 60 and 46.15 %, respectively, in comparison to those of the uninoculated control. These findings indicate the possibility of C. tropicalis KPS2219 as a bioinoculant to promote plant development and the effectiveness of foliar application. The efficacy of employing yeast consortiums to enhance growth will be investigated for further study. HIGHLIGHTS Phylloplane yeasts with remarkably high IAA production and multiple traits that promote the growth of plants were isolated from the new habitat, legumes. Spraying the yeast cells on the leaves of chili plants accelerated the growth of the plant. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Development of Dibble Mechanism for Tractor Operated Two Row Semi – Automatic Vegetable Transplanter

Vegetables play a crucial role in daily human nutrition, and India ranks second in vegetable production globally. Despite this, manual transplantation is prevalent in India, characterized by labor-intensive practices. The study aimed to address this by developing a tractor-operated linear dibble mechanism for tomato and chili seedlings, designed with seedling spacings of 45 and 60 cm. The evaluation for optimal operating conditions included varying engine speeds (700, 800, 900, 1000 rpm), gear positions (L1, L2), and power take-off positions (P1, P2). Among these, L1P1 and L1P2, with seedling spacings of 57.57 cm and 45.20 cm respectively, aligned with the designed spacings, while L2P1 was excluded due to excessive dibble spacing. Evaluation concentrated on 800 and 1000 rpm, with 700 rpm causing jerks. The preference for 1000 rpm was driven by higher field capacity, as exceeding 1000 rpm posed difficulties for workers. Selections were made with a focus on achieving desired dibble spacings while taking into account worker comfort and field capacity.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK KULIT NENAS TERHADAP JAMUR TULAR BENIH DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.)

The research of "the effectiveness of test of antifungal pineapple peel extract against seed-borne fungus and the growth of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings". The research aimed to determine the effect of pineapple peel extract as antifungal in controlling red chili seed- borne fungus and its effect on germination and growth of red chili seeds. The recent research was carried out using a completely randomized design non factorial consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment factor is concentration of pineapple peel extract consisting of without pineapple peel extract, pineapple peel extract of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% respectivelly. The results showed that the appropriation of several concentrations of pineapple peel extract was less effective in controlling red chili seed-borne fungi in vitro, which can be seen in the results of the observed parameters for the incidence of each pathogenic fungus in seeds and the diameter of the seed colonies. The appropriation of several concentrations of pineapple peel extract has an effect on the germination of red chili seeds in vitro, which can be seen from the results of the observation parameters that sprouts appear, but have not affected the parameters of the observation of seed germination. The appropriation of several concentrations of pineapple peel extract affected the growth of red chili seedlings in soil media, which can be seen from the results of the observation parameters of the percentage of germinated seeds, and the number of live seeds and seedlings that grew normally, but had no effect on the parameters of observation of seedling height, number of leaves seeds, plant wet weight and plant dry weight).

Emergence and growth of huacle chili seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) with the use of biological formulations in commercial plot soil.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of biological control agents (BCA) and two biological formulations (Bio-Terra and Bio-CNPR) against the phytopathogens found in the soil of huacle chili (Capsicum annuum) plantations, in order to obtain healthy seedlings. Design/Methodology/Approach: The following design variables were evaluated: germination (%), disease incidence (%), and survival (%). Stem height and root length were also evaluated. The experimental unit was a tray with n=30 seedlings per each treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4) and four repetitions. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Tukey’s mean test was applied (using the Minitab Statistical program version 20.0) in units that presented differences (p≤0.05). Results: The phytopathogenic microorganism Fusarium spp. was isolated from the soil of the plots cultivated with huacle chili. The T1 treatment recorded the best inhibitory effect against Fusarium spp.: it had 92.2% germination, 18.3% incidence of Fusarium spp., and 82% surviving seedlings (with an average height of 16 cm and a root length of 7.9 cm). The sterilization of the soil lead to T4 having the best results in germination, incidence, and survival, since Fusarium spp. did not damage huacle chili seedlings. In contrast, T0 did not prosper neither with BCA nor with biological products, since all the seedlings in non-sterile soil died. Study Limitations/Implications: A plastic barrier was placed between the trays with the chili seedlings to avoid cross-contamination between treatments. Findings/Conclusions: T1 (the BCA with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and B. subtilis) recorded the best counteracting results against the damage generated by Fusarium spp. Their antagonism allowed a high percentage of survival of huacle chili seedlings and encouraged plant development through the best root growth and height of the seedlings.

Chitosan modifies the substrate and influences growth of chili seedlings

ABSTRACT The addition of chitosan to soil has been shown to promote plant development, although its actions on the soil and the plants remain unclear. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse (20–33°C, 65%–70% RH) on a substrate (topsoil, rice husk charcoal, and coconut coir) at a ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v) amended with 0%, 1%, or 10% (w/w) chitosan powder. Shoot and root dry weights of chili seedlings grown in a substrate containing 1% chitosan exhibited a 2.5-fold and 1.6-fold increase compared to those in 0% and 10% chitosan treatments, respectively. Leaf chlorophyll content was 2.7-fold higher at 20 days after transplanting. Chitosan at 1% improved the cation exchange capacity (CEC), substrate organic matter, and plant essential nutrient absorption (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn). In contrast, the substrate added with 10% chitosan had a negative effect on chili seedlings, possibly due to an excess of total available nitrogen (1.54% or 1.6 times higher) and organic matter (30% or 1.6 times higher). Seedlings exhibited leaf chlorosis, poor root development, and fewer essential nutrients in tissues than the control and 1% chitosan treatments. Use of 1% chitosan appears to promote chili growth by improving substrate characteristics.

Individual and synergistic effects of different fertilizers and gibberellin on growth and morphology of chili seedlings

Gibberellins (GA3), as well as the basic elements phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K), are crucial to the growth of chili. This study investigates the effect of different fertilizers and plant growth regulator on the growth and morphology of chili seedlings. Soil application of NPK, urea, SOP, and DAP (2.5 g/L) was applied during sowing, and N in two splits at sowing and after twenty days of sowing while foliar application of GA3 (50 mg/L) was applied after fifteen days of germination. The result of five seedlings' traits plant height (PH), plant girth (PG), plant spread (PS), number of leaves (NOF), and root length (RL) demonstrated a significant difference among growth-related traits in chili seedlings owing to the use of fertilizers, GA3, and their combinations. An optimum level of K and P alone or in combination with GA3 had a significant effect on all traits. PH was particularly influenced by the combination of GA3 with K and P whereas other traits like PG, NOF, PS, and RL are greatly influenced by the application of NPK, urea, SOP, DAP, and their combination with GA3. The study results showed an increase in chili seedlings' growth and morphology in response to various fertilizers and GA3.

Intercropping red chili with leguminous crops to improve crop diversity and farmers’ resilience to climate change effects in dryland

This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of intercropping and determine the best time to sow leguminous crops between the rows of red chili or chili crops. Two leguminous crops, mungbean, and peanut were intercropped with chili in a dryland area of Gumantar, North Lombok, Indonesia. The leguminous seeds were sown five times; at the same time, a week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks after transplanting the chili seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The size of each treatment plot was 600 × 100 cm, and the chili crops’ spacing was 60 × 60 cm. Three rows of leguminous crops were sown between the rows of chili crops with a spacing of 20 × 20 cm. Monocropping of chili, mungbean, and peanut was also provided in each block to calculate the land equivalent ratio (LER). The results showed that all the intercropping treatments had a LER value of higher than 1.0, indicating the advantage of intercropping over monocropping in terms of land utilization.

UJI BEBERAPA ISOLAT JAMUR ENDOFIT TERHADAP JAMUR TULAR BENIH DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT CABAI MERAH

The aim of this study was to test several endophytic fungi isolates with high antagonistic power against seed borne fungi in vitro and their effect on the growth of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings in vivo. This research was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from October 2018 to February 2019. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment of endophytic fungi was applied using the seed immersion method. The results showed that giving the endophytic fungi Rhizictonia sp., Cephaloporium sp., T. virens from oil palm roots and T. virens from oil palm stems were able to suppress the incidence of seed-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Aspergillus sp.. Provision of endophytic fungus T. virens from oil palm roots can increase seed germination capacity by 14%, number of live seeds by 17% and increase seedling height and leaf number.

PEMANFAATAN ENDAPAN LIMBAH CAIR (ELC) INDUSTRI KULIT UNTUK PUPUK TANAMAN CABAI

The purpose of this study was to utilize solid waste from wastewater treatment sludge for red chili fertilizer by finding the proportion/ratio of solid waste components with soil to obtain the most optimal composition. The materials used are solid waste sediment leather tannery, soil, chili seedlings, pesticides, and water. The tools used are plant pots (pots made of clay with a diameter of ± 25 cm and a height of ± 20 cm). The method used was planting red chili seeds on 6 types of planting media, namely control pots, 1,2,3,4,5 pot which were sequentially controlled (without solid waste), and the ratio of solid waste: soil with a ratio of 1:2, 1: 3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6. The results of the data obtained were analyzed using a T test and completely random design. furthermore, duncan test was conducted to determine the best dose (ratio) for chili plants if previously (in the unidirectional variance test) there was a ratio effect. The results obtained were pots 1, 2, 4 had a higher plant height than the control. Pots 1,2,3,4 had more leaves than the control. The conclusion that can be obtained is that the solid waste sediment on chili planting media affects height increase, number of chili leaves, and quantitatively not all of them have a significant effect. Giving solid waste sediments with a ratio of 1: 3 showed the fastest increase in height and number of leaves.

First report of Pythium kunmingense isolated from Capsicum annum in Pakistan

Species of the genus Pythium are more related to seedling infections of different vegetable crops. In this research work, surveys were made to chili growing areas and infected chili seedlings were collected. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and characterized by culture characters and microscopic studies. Moreover, for authentic identification DNA was isolated and ITS region was amplified by PCR. Genome was sequenced and analysed with reference sequences. Genome sequence was submitted to NCBI Genbank database and an accession number was assigned. Molecular characterization has confirmed the identification of pathogen as Pythium kunmingense. It was also concluded that it is the very first record of P. kumningense from Pakistan.

Kemampuan Kolonisasi Cendawan Endofit dan Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Bibit Cabai

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in healthy plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. Endophytic fungi in chili have been tested as both biocontrol agents and growth promoters, but their colonization has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of colonization of endophytic fungi and its effect on the growth of chili seedlings. A total of 8 endophytic fungi were prepared at a density of 2.8 × 106 CFU mL-1. Then the endophytic fungus was inoculated 2 times, first by soaking the seeds, and secondly by watering the endophytic fungus suspension on chili seedlings aged 3 weeks after sowing. Endophytic fungi were re-isolated on chili seedlings that were 4 weeks old after sowing on the roots and stems to determine their colonization ability. Chili seeds were then maintained for up to 4 weeks after transplanting to observe their growth. The results showed that the endophytic fungal colonization ranged from 26-60% on the chili root, while at the base of the stem it was 20-40% with a different pattern of colonization distribution. In addition, endophytic fungus colonization was also able to increase the shoot height and root length of chili seedlings.

PeaT1 and PeBC1 Microbial Protein Elicitors Enhanced Resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer in Chili Capsicum annum L.

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer), a major and harmful chili aphid usually managed using chemical pesticides, is responsible for massive annual agricultural losses. The efficacy of two protein elicitors, PeaT1 and PeBC1, to stimulate a defensive response against M. persicae in chili was studied in this study. When compared to positive (water) and negative (buffer, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) controls, the rates of population growth (intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) were lower with PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings. M. persicae demonstrated a preference for colonizing control (12.18 ± 0.06) plants over PeaT1- (7.60 ± 0.11) and PeBC1 (6.82 ± 0.09) treated chilli seedlings in a host selection assay. Moreover, PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, the nymphal development period of the M. persicae was extended. Similarly, fecundity was lowered in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, with fewer offspring produced compared to the positive (water) and negative controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The trichomes and wax production on the PeaT1 and PeBC1-treated chilli leaves created a disadvantageous surface environment for M. persicae. Compared to control (30.17 ± 0.16 mm−2), PeaT1 (56.23 ± 0.42 mm−2) and PeBC1 (52.14 ± 0.34 mm−2) had more trichomes. The levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) were significantly higher in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chili seedlings, indicating considerable accumulation. PeaT1 and PeBC1 significantly affected the height of the chili plant and the surface structure of the leaves, reducing M. persicae reproduction and preventing colonization, according to the data. The activation of pathways was also part of the defensive response (JA, SA, and ET). This present research findings established an evidence of biocontrol for the utilization of PeaT1 and PeBC1 in the defence of chili plants against M. persicae.

Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo</em> de <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (T-H4) y <em>T. koningiopsis</em> (T-K11) <em>versus Fusarium solani</em> (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) <em>in vitro</em> y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a <em>T. koningiopsis</em> T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de <em>Trichoderma</em> spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por <em>F. solani</em> MX-MIC 798.

CROSS APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI RAW SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR CONTROLLING FUSARIUM WILT OF CHILI SEEDLINGS

Cross application of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites for controlling fusarium wilt of chili seedlings. Theresearch aimed to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites on fusarium wilt on chili plants and on growth of chili. In vitro test used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicate and in planta using a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicatie including control, secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, dan Lecanicillium lecanii L16. Variables observed included inhibition ability, incubation period, desease intensity, plant height, root length, and phenolic compounds (tannins, saponin, and hydroquinone) content qualitatively. The results showed that secondary metabolites of B. bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, M. anisopliae M16, and L. lecanii L16 were able to inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici by 50.62; 50,64; 48,62; 56.62%, respectively, extend incubation periods of 71.05; 73,38; 64.89; and 68.57%, respectively, suppress disease intensity by 99.99; 99.99; 99.99; and 99.99%, respectively, can increase plant height by 15.22; 18.8; 21.14; 21.69%, respectively, increasing the root length by 22.61; 25,71; 26,34; 33.50%, respectively, and can increase the content of tannins, saponins and hydroquinone compounds qualitatively compared to controls. The secondary metabolites of enthomopathogenic fungi could be used as organic control for soilborne pathogenic fungi.

Evaluation of thirty Indonesian chili varieties for resistance to Phythopthora capsici

The disease caused by P. capsici can attack all tissue and growth phases of the chili plant with the yield loss up to 100%. The research aimed to evaluate the resistance response of thirty Indonesian chili varieties against P.capsici that have been carried out at the IVEGRI research station - Lembang, West Java since April until July 2020. The selection method was carried out using the artificial inoculation. A total of 10 ml of zoospores with a density of 106 were inoculated on chili seedlings five weeks after sowing. The observations were carried out by scoring symptoms that appeared (score 0 to 5) five times. The observation was carried out at 7 to 35 days after inoculation with intervals of 7 days. Based on disease severity (DS), the resistances of varieties were grouped into three levels, namely resistant (DS<20%), moderately resistant (20%<DS<50%), and susceptible (DS>50%). The result showed variations on symptoms, scoring, and the time of symptom appearance in and between the varieties tested. The evaluation result showed that 24 varieties were resistant, 5 moderately resistant, and 1 susceptible to P. capsici.

Correlation between P Uptake by Chili Plant (Capsicum annum L.) with Determination Method of Soil Available P in Inceptisol Order of Subang

The correlation test between P uptake by plant and determination method of available P is the initial stage in the establishment of fertilizer recommendations. This study aimed to examine various extraction methods of available P in the soil and determine the appropriate P extraction method for dry acid soil (Inceptisol) used to cultivate chili crop. The study was conducted at the screen house of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, West Java, Indonesia from January to December 2015. A randomized block design with five treatments and five replications was set up for this experiment. The treatment of status of soil P was obtained by administering SP-36 at various doses, namely: 0X, ¼X, ½X, ¾X, and 1X, where X = 250 kg SP-36 ha -1 . To obtain the desired P nutrient status, the Inceptisol soil that has been added with SP-36 fertilizer with different doses was incubated for four months. The chili seedlings were then planted on each of those soils, and the analysis of P absorption was carried out at the age of 60 days after planting. There were six extraction methods used to analyze available P in the soil, i.e. HCl 25%, Bray I, Bray II, Mechlich, Truog, and Morgan Vanema. The results showed the different response of crop on P uptake to the level of soil P nutrient status. Plant P uptake increased with the increase in soil P nutrient status. The best P extraction methods for Inceptisols for chili cultivation were HCl 25% and Mechlich with correlation coefficient values reached 0.7802 and 0.7351, respectively.