Schedule For Children Research Articles

Description of vaccination coverage and hesitancy obtained by epidemiological survey of children born in 2017-2018, in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children's schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. Vaccination coverage of children up to 4 years old was 50.2% in Belo Horizonte, and 64.9% in Sete Lagoas. Fear of severe reactions and believing that vaccination against eradicated diseases is unnecessary were the main reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Recovery of high vaccination coverage among children, considering public health service access conditions and socioeconomic inequities. Acting on reasons for hesitancy that can assist in targeting actions. The multifactorial context of vaccination hesitancy demands the development of health education strategies to raise awareness about child immunization.

Manado children's choice echo trumpet (review aspects of establishment and development)

The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the children's choir of Gema Trumpets, review and how the process of making the Children's Choir of Gema Sangkakala Manado, How is the process of fostering the Children's Choir of Gema Sangkakala Manado, What are the factors that hinder the process? Ordering and coaching the Manado Echo Sangkakala Children's Choir, and What efforts have been made to overcome the obstacles to ordering and coaching the Echo Trumpets Children's Choir. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Data technique is done by observation, interview, documentation study. coaching, namely: After analyzing the data, it was concluded that The reservation of the Gema Sangkakala Manado children's choir was a response to the public's interest, especially choir observers to accommodate the potential of children who have interests and talents in senior vocals, especially in the choir. , as part of the development of the organization (Studio) to contribute to fostering children's attitudes and behavior through the chorus, to motivate in general in cultivating and attracting children's interest in their love of good singing skills through praise, Age limits and parents, as well as children in the Choir by showing the impact of fostering children on a changing process, the management of the process always requires substantial funds by relying only on non-permanent donors, and Efforts which were carried out to overcome various obstacles in the choir, among others, recruiting members followed by b . interviews both for children and parents, involving parents in the preparation of activity programs that are tailored to the child's schedule, fundraising is carried out at any time including scheduling concert programs that are held regularly.

Pelatihan Parenting bagi Masyarakat dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Anak di Kabupaten Mempawah

Abstract: Community service aims to describe parental guidance towards children while at home. This activity is in the form of counseling on how participants can develop parenting, especially in managing children's schedules in learning according to changing times, so that tasks as parents can play an active and effective role, participants can increase children's enthusiasm in learning, participants can set schedules for learning activities at home, children's habits in behaving towards their elders and helping them when doing work at home. This service activity was carried out at the Kontor Hall of Sungai Bundung Laut Village, Mempawah Regency, this activity was carried out smoothly and there was an increase in parents in carrying out parenting for children, it was evidenced by the increase in children's learning achievements, accustomed to independent living and the formation of children's learning programs. This training encourages participants to follow it and get the job done faster and more efficiently.

Primary Students' Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: Perspective of Mothers

This study aims to explore parental involvement in primary students' online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used a phenomenological qualitative research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data, and nine mothers whose children were studying online participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed that shifting from regular learning to online learning was not easy. Mothers mentioned that they did not find online learning effective for primary students. They were of the view that online learning was not catering to their children's intellectual and social development needs. The managing of children's schedules was demanding, and mothers had to change their routines. Creating a proper learning environment for children was another challenge.Participants shared some suggestions to improve online learning.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus

Congenital Cytomegalovirus

Effect of mobile phone text message and call reminders in the completeness of pentavalent vaccines in Kano state, Nigeria

PurposeThis study assessed the effect of mobile phone text message and call reminders in the completeness of the pentavalent vaccine administered against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenza. Design and methodsThe population for this quasi-experimental study were recent mothers of children not more than three weeks old selected from six local government areas of Kano State, Northern Nigeria. Three local government areas were each allocated to the intervention (reminder) and control groups of the study. Mobile phone reminders (SMS and follow-up calls) were sent to mothers in the reminder group three days to and on the due date of their child's schedule for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses of the pentavalent vaccine. All statistical data were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsA total of 541 mothers (271 in the intervention group and 270 in the control group) participated in the study. Completion rates for the three doses of the pentavalent vaccine were observed to be higher for children in the reminder group (n = 161, 59.4%) compared to those in the control group (n = 92, 34.1%). ConclusionMobile phone reminders were effective and improved the rate of completeness of the pentavalent vaccine in the studied population. In line with the findings of the study, it is recommended that future studies should focus on identifying the best approach to remind parents either through SMS, phone calls, or voice messages or a combination of any of the approaches. Practice implicationNurses and other health care providers will have empirical evidence on the use of mobile phone technology to improve the health and wellbeing of children by protecting them from vaccine-preventable diseases.

The experience of children with a parent suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Children that have a parent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) suffer from the progressive loss of their beloved ones. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the difficulties faced by these children have increased. The study aimed to detect whether there were differences between the minors experiencing a relative’s ALS and the minors with no experience of ALS and it aimed also to detect the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these minors. The study involved Italian participants, in particular: the target group consisted of 38 children (7–18 years) (T0/T1); the control group consisted of 38 children (9–14 years) (T0 only). The following variables were measured: attachment with the Security Scale (SS), affects with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), behavioural problems with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), death representation with Testoni Death Representation Scale for Children (TDRS-C), self-concept with the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (MSCS), resilience and socio-emotional skills with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). The results showed higher negative affectivity (p < .001), externalising behaviours (p < .05), uncertainty in reflective function (p < .05) in the target group compared to the control one; after the COVID-19 pandemic minors in the target group showed reduced certainty of mental states (p < .05) and interpersonal and scholastic self-esteem (p < .05). The impact of ALS on these minors is significant and produces negative affect, externalizing behaviours and uncertainty of mental states. The lockdown situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated minors in their school and interpersonal self-esteem.

Hurried Child Syndrome - A Review

Hurried child syndrome is a collection of stress-related behaviours that occur when a child's parents expect him or her to perform well beyond his or her mental, social, or emotional capacity. In essence, parents overbook their children's schedules, drive them hard for academic achievement, and expect them to act and respond like miniature adults. Other factors include the present state of trade. Many who sell to children these days realise that their parents no longer tell them what to eat, wear, or watch. This reality is being exploited by the consumerist economy, which is having an effect on children. Statistics on the hurried child syndrome include the following: According to recent research on the impact of hurried child syndrome, • There has been a 50% rise in childhood obesity over the last 20 years, • A tripling in suicide and murder rates over the last 20 years, and • About 15-20% of young children are "flunking" kindergarten. • Millions of children are medicated in order to make them more 'controllable' at home and in school. According to recent statistics, 70% of teenage girls will not be virgins by the time they reach adulthood, and 40% of those who are sexually active will become pregnant. Addiction to drugs and alcohol is now a leading cause of death among adolescents, but suicide is also on the rise. Every year, 5,000 adolescents commit suicide.

The 2021 Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule

Sponsoring Organizations: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,

Mental Health of High-Risk Urban Youth: The Housing Subsidies Paradox.

Housing subsidies, including public housing and Section 8 vouchers, are key components of the social safety net, intended to promote family and child welfare. Studies evaluating the impact of housing subsidies on child and adolescent mental health, however, are generally inconclusive. This may reflect variation in the influence by type of subsidies to income, improved physical environment, increased access to resources, and improved perception of neighborhood safety. Further, most prior research focused on housing subsidies failed to simultaneously formally assess child psychopathology. In the present study, we examine, among adolescents (ages 9-17) from a low-income, urban minority area, the association of housing with psychiatric symptoms and disorders, as well as with their social functioning. The data were obtained from the Stress & Justice Study (S&J) baseline survey, an investigation designed to examine impact of parental criminal justice system involvement (CJSI) on their children's mental health. Housing type during the past year was categorized from parental report as public housing, section 8, both, or neither. Child mental health was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). Additionally, family resources and physical quality of the housing environment by housing type was assessed, and we tested whether these dimensions mediated associations of housing type with the adolescent's current mental health outcomes. We found that while internalizing and externalizing disorders and impairment were attenuated by individual characteristics (e.g., SES, CJSI), internalizing and externalizing symptom counts were significantly more prevalent among children in subsidized housing, compared to those in non-subsidized housing, after controlling for individual characteristics. These findings have the potential to inform whether, and through which mechanisms, housing subsidies are associated with adolescent mental health.

When to use lower limb orthoses in cerebral palsy

Abstract Healthcare practitioners (HCPs) from all backgrounds will encounter children who require and variably use orthoses to improve or maintain function. A basic understanding of why and when these are required is helpful, as it can allow a deeper discussion between HCPs, the family, child and carers. Orthotic interventions involve complex science and complex goal setting from birth to adulthood. This article presents a systematic ‘Inside-Out Approach’, incorporating all components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the International Standards Organisation objectives for orthotic interventions. This identifies the potential goals for bones and joints, muscles, motor control, motor learning, development of standing and walking, functioning, activities and participation, and prevention of pain, an indicator of quality of life. Achieving short and long term goals requires early intervention. The design and dosage, the duration and frequency the child needs to wear the orthosis, required to achieve goals will be determined by an understanding of natural history and prognosis, the goals set and the child's schedule of activities. Recent improved understanding of the contribution of the footwear, joint and segment alignments and segment proportion is discussed.

54-LB: Control Yourself: Impact of Self-Regulation on Diabetes Management in Adolescents

Adolescents have the poorest blood sugar control compared to other age groups (Foster et al., 2019). Adolescence is also a period of developing self-regulation (SR) abilities, defined as the ability to manage thoughts, emotions, and actions to achieve a desired outcome (Eisenberg, 2019). The attention, planning, and decision making required for optimal T1D management is both cognitively and emotionally draining on the developing system of adolescents, which may be contributing to difficultly with diabetes management and glycemic control (Duke &amp; Harris, 2014). This project examines the relationship between specific aspects of SR, including executive functions and affect; and T1D outcomes, including diabetes management behaviors and HbA1c. As part of an ongoing clinical trial (NCT03688919), adolescents (13-17 yo) diagnosed with T1D for ≥ 6 months with HbA1c ≥ 7.0 were recruited from diabetes clinics (n = 56). They completed baselines measures of self-regulation including the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and self-reported diabetes management behaviors. HbA1c was also collected. Parent reported cognitive aspects of SR were negatively related to number of insulin boluses per day, specifically attentional shift, task completion and planning, (r(47)= -.36, -.31, -.33 respectively, all p &amp;lt; .05); however, no association was found between inhibition, self-monitoring, and working memory and diabetes outcomes (p &amp;gt;.05). With regard to emotional aspects of SR, positive affect, including excitement, enthusiasm, pride, determination, and activation (r(47)= .34, .33, .36, .31, .29 respectively, all p &amp;lt; .05) were positively related to number of insulin boluses per day. No aspects of SR were related to blood glucose testing behaviors or HbA1c. SR in adolescents may be an important factor in successful T1D management. With evidence-based approaches, SR may be an optimal target for intervention. Disclosure D. Albright: None. H.O. Riley: None. E. Fredericks: None. J. Sturza: None. S. Lo: None. K.M. Clark: None. J.M. Lee: Advisory Panel; Self; Goodrx. Consultant; Self; T1D Exchange. Research Support; Self; Lenovo. A.L. Miller: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (NCT03688919)

Development of the Observation Schedule for Children with Autism\u2013Anxiety, Behaviour and Parenting (OSCA\u2013ABP): A New Measure of Child and Parenting Behavior for Use with Young Autistic Children

Co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) frequently exist in young autistic children. There is evidence based on parental report that parenting interventions reduce child EBPs. More objective measures of child EBPs should supplement parent reported outcomes in trials. We describe the development of a new measure of child and parenting behavior, the Observation Schedule for Children with Autism–Anxiety, Behaviour and Parenting (OSCA–ABP). Participants were 83 parents/carers and their 4–8-year-old autistic children. The measure demonstrated good variance and potential sensitivity to change. Child and parenting behavior were reliably coded among verbal and minimally verbal children. Associations between reports from other informants and observed behavior showed the measure had sufficient convergent validity. The measure has promise to contribute to research and clinical practice in autism mental health beyond objective measurement in trials.

Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: 2019 Update

Sponsoring Organizations: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Academy of Family

A method for evaluating and comparing immunisation schedules that cover multiple diseases: Illustrative application to the UK routine childhood vaccine schedule

BackgroundIn the UK, the childhood immunisation programme is given in the first 5 years of life and protects against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases. Recently, this programme has undergone changes with addition of vaccination against Meningitis B from September 2015 and the removal of the primary dose of protection against Meningitis C from July 2016. These hanges have direct impact on the associated diseases but in addition may induce indirect effects on the vaccines that are given simultaneously or later in the programme. In this work, we developed a novel formal method to evaluate the impact of vaccination changes to one aspect of the programme across an entire vaccine programme. MethodsFirstly, we combined transmission modelling (for four diseases) and historic data synthesis (for eight diseases) to project, for each disease, the disease burden at different levels of effective coverage against the associated disease. Secondly, we used a simulation model to determine the vector of effective coverage against each disease under three variations of the current childhood schedule. Combining these, we calculated the vector of disease burden across the programme under different scenarios, and assessed the direct and indirect effects of the schedule changes. ResultsThrough illustrative application of our novel framework to three scenarios of the current childhood immunisation programme in the UK, we demonstrated the feasibility of this unifying approach. For each disease in the programme, we successfully quantified the residual disease burden due to the change. For some diseases, the change was indirectly beneficial and reduced the burden, whereas for others the effect was adverse and the change increased the disease burden. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the potential benefit of considering the programme-wide impact of changes to an immunisation schedule, and our framework is an important step in the development of a means for systematically doing so.

Impact of the addition of new vaccines in the early childhood schedule on vaccine coverage by 24 months of age from 2006 to 2016 in Quebec, Canada

ContextBetween 2004 and 2016, in the province of Quebec (Canada), 4 new antigens were added in the early childhood vaccine schedule from birth to 18 months, increasing the number of injections or doses needed from 7 to 12. These additions may have decreased the proportion of children who had received all recommended vaccines. ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the introduction of new vaccines to the childhood schedule on the 24-month vaccine coverage from 2006 to 2016 and identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination status by 24 months of age. MethodsWe used the data from six cross-sectional vaccine coverage surveys conducted every two years which included a total of 3515 children aged 2 years old and randomly selected from the Quebec public health insurance database. Factors associated with an incomplete vaccine status by 24 months were identified with multivariable logistic regression. ResultsDespite the addition of 4 new vaccine antigens since 2004, the vaccine coverage remained high from 2006 (82.4%) through 2016 (88.3%) for vaccines present in the schedule since 2006. In 2016, vaccine coverage was 78.2% for all vaccines included in the schedule. The vaccine coverage of new vaccines increases rapidly within 2 years of their introduction. For both new and older vaccines, incomplete vaccine status by 24 months of age is associated with a delay of 30 days or more in receiving the vaccines scheduled at 2 and 12 months of age. ConclusionsIncreasing to 12 the number of doses in the recommended schedule has slightly reduced the vaccine coverage by 24 months of age and the vaccine coverage of vaccines already in the schedule remained stable over the years. Future additions to the vaccine schedule may not be similarly accepted by the population and this will require continuing the monitoring of vaccine coverage.

Rubella infection in pregnancy and congenital rubella in United Kingdom, 2003 to 2016.

Rubella vaccination has been included in the United Kingdom’s (UK) routine childhood schedule for nearly 30 years. The UK achieved World Health Organization (WHO) elimination status in 2016 and acute rubella infections are rare. In the period 2003–16, 31 rubella infections in pregnancy (0.23 per 100,000 pregnancies) were identified through routine surveillance, of which 26 were in women who were born abroad. Five of the 31 rubella infections led to congenital rubella syndrome in the infant and three had confirmed congenital rubella infection without congenital rubella syndrome. An additional seven babies were identified with congenital rubella syndrome, although rubella infection in pregnancy had not been reported. Place of birth was known for six of these seven mothers, all of whom were born outside the UK, and in five cases maternal infection was acquired abroad. WHO Europe has set targets for measles and rubella elimination and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome by 2015. Vaccination uptake and rubella immunity is high in the UK population and most infections in pregnancy since 2003 were acquired abroad and in unvaccinated women. Every contact with a health professional should be used to check that women are fully immunised according to UK schedule.

Vaccinations in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Pediatric kidney transplant (KT) candidates should be fully immunized according to routine childhood schedules using age-appropriate guidelines. Unfortunately, vaccination rates in KT candidates remain suboptimal. With the exception of influenza vaccine, vaccination after transplantation should be delayed 3-6months to maximize immunogenicity. While most vaccinations in the KT recipient are administered by primary care physicians, there are specific schedule alterations in the cases of influenza, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccinations; consequently, these vaccines are usually administered by transplant physicians. This article will focus on those deviations from the normal vaccine schedule important in the care of pediatric KT recipients. The article will also review human papillomavirus vaccine due to its special importance in cancer prevention. Live vaccines are generally contraindicated in KT recipients. However, we present a brief review of live vaccines in organ transplant recipients, as there is evidence that certain live virus vaccines may be safe and effective in select groups. Lastly, we review vaccination of pediatric KT recipients prior to international travel.

S137. DO HALLUCINATIONS PREDICT THE TRANSITION FROM SUICIDAL THOUGHTS TO ATTEMPTS? RESULTS FROM AN AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDY

BackgroundAlthough suicidal ideation is a well-documented risk factor for suicidal behaviour, the majority of those with suicidal thoughts do not go on to make an attempt. Therefore, it is important to improve prediction of which individuals are more likely to act on their suicidal thoughts, as highlighted in Klonsky and May’s (2015) ideation-to-action framework. Auditory hallucinations (AH) and psychological distress (PD) are strongly associated with both suicidal thoughts and behaviour, but their role in the ideation-to-attempt transition has not been investigated in a longitudinal dataset.MethodsParticipants were from an Australian longitudinal cohort of 1793 adolescents (12–17 years). Suicidal thoughts and behaviours were measured using the Self-Harm Behaviour Questionnaire. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children was used to assess AH. PD was categorised using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) clinical cut-off. Those reporting suicidal ideation were stratified into four groups: (i) Those who did not have PD or AH (reference group), (ii) AH only, (iii) PD only, and (iv) PD and AH. Using logistic regression, we examined associations between baseline suicidal ideation, and incident suicide attempts during the 12-month follow-up, stratified by the four comparison groups. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex.ResultsAH were strongly and independently associated with baseline suicidal ideation (OR=3.84; 95%CI=2.46–6.02) and suicide attempts in the following 12 months (OR=3.21; 95%CI=1.18–8.76). Among adolescents with baseline suicidal ideation (n=235; 13.1%), 14 or 6.0% attempted suicide at follow-up. Those with AH only were not at significantly increased risk of transition from suicidal thoughts to attempts (OR=2.97; 95%CI=0.26–34.59). Similarly, adolescents with PD only did not have a significant increase in transition from ideation to attempts (OR=4.48; 95%CI=0.91–22.14). Adolescents who had both PD and AH had an eight-fold increased risk (OR=8.42; 95%CI=1.46–48.67) of acting on their suicidal thoughts.DiscussionAdolescents with both PD and AH had the greatest likelihood of acting on their suicidal thoughts. AH alone did not significantly predict the transition from suicidal thoughts to attempts despite high odds ratios, possibly due to the low prevalence of suicide attempts among ideators and consequently limited statistical power. Future studies examining for negative and distressing content of hallucinations may assist in explaining their role in the ideation-to-attempt transition. Screening adolescents who are distressed and have hallucinations may assist with predicting those at greatest risk of future suicide attempts.

2018 Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule

Sponsoring Organizations: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Academy of Family