Child's Point Research Articles

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Pediatric Oncology Nurses' Stress Level, and Pediatric Oncology Patients' Psychosocial Symptoms and Care Satisfaction: A Prospective Non-Randomized Trial.

Studies investigating the effects of relaxation practices on nurses and patient outcomes are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on pediatric oncology nurses' stress levels, as well as the psychosocial symptoms and care satisfaction of pediatric oncology patients. A non-randomized prospective study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted, involving 112 children and 8 pediatric oncology nurses between November 2021 and August 2022. The study was conducted in 3 stages. First, the children's nursing care satisfaction and psychosocial symptoms were evaluated during the first 3 months before the MBSR intervention. Second, the nurses participated in the MBSR program for 2 months. Third, the children's nursing care satisfaction and psychosocial symptoms were assessed again 3 months after the MBSR intervention. The results showed that children who received nursing care post-MBSR had lower scores in the Psychosocial, Hopelessness, and Communication Difficulty subscales compared to those who received care pre-MBSR. Additionally, these children had higher scores in Evaluation of Quality of Care from the Children's Point of View, Psychosocial, Physical, and Information subscales. There was a significant reduction in the stress levels of nurses between the pre-MBSR and post-MBSR assessments. MBSR is an effective method for reducing pediatric oncology nurses' perceived stress levels and should be utilized to support both pediatric oncology nurses and patients in enhancing their psychosocial functioning.

Assessment of bisphenols in children's toy and baby products in the Middle East

A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A (BP-A) can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in animals and humans. BP-A and several related chemicals such as Bisphenol AP (BP-AP), Bisphenol B (BP–B), Bisphenol S (BP–S), Bisphenol AF (BP-AF), Bisphenol (BP–P), Bisphenol Z (BP-Z) were analyzed in this study. BP-A and BP-S were the only bisphenols detected in the samples analyzed in this study. The median (range; mean) concentrations of BP-A found in this study was 321 ng/g (11–200932; 4893 ng/g). The analysis was carried out by sonicating 0.1 g of a cryo-milled sample aliquot in methanol followed by UPLC-MS/MS determination. High concentrations of BP-A were found in several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursing bottles which are particularly problematic from the children's exposure point of view. This study presents the first reliable bisphenols in children's toys and baby products commercialized in the Middle East. There is, however, a need to continue monitoring these compounds, especially in low-cost toys, and the so-called BP-A-free products, which appear to have high levels of target contaminants and can pose an exposure risk for infants and children in the region.

ԵՐԵԽԱՅԻ ԻՆՔՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՍՏԱՏՄԱՆ ԵՎ ԾՆՆԴԻ ԳՐԱՆՑՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ՓՈԽՆԱԿ ՄԱՅՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՆՍՏԻՏՈՒՏՈՒՄ / MAIN PROBLEMS OF CONFIRMING A CHILD'S IDENTITY AND BIRTH REGISTRATION AT THE INSTITUTE OF SURROGATE MATERNITY

A person's lack or loss of identity can seriously impact their sense of selfidentity, well-being and sense of belonging. The multiplicity of factors in the identity of children in matters of surrogacy is especially important and it is necessary that all elements associated with establishing the identity of the latter and registering the birth are preserved before and after birth. A child’s right to identity is not only a right in its own right, but is also closely linked to the realization of other rights, such as child development, family cohabitation, etc. To meet these standards, all identification information must be stored accurately and transparently, including agreements on surrogacy. Although surrogacy changes the constituent elements of identity, severing the connection between genetic, gestational and social origins, the fundamental rights of the child remain the same. From the child's point of view, genetics, pregnancy and the exercise of parental responsibility are among the constituent elements of the child's personality. Thus, the right to identity is independent of the circumstances of the child's birth and any subsequent discriminatory practices. Any identity issues that may arise in the short or long term should also be part of the assessment and determination of the best interests of the surrogacy. Given the importance of identity issues, which can be legal, medical and/or psychosocial in nature and have a key impact throughout life, it is equally important to include this consideration in any surrogacy arrangement. Therefore, the article discusses the issues of the child’s right to identity confirmation and birth registration in the context of surrogacy.

Some mechanisms of formation of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts related to the personality characteristics of the Dominant and Subordinate person in the parental family

The object of the study is the patterns of formation of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts, which are the result of the desire to rise above the Dominant family member and not live life as a subordinate family member. The conflicts arising in the process of realizing the following desires were analyzed: 1) to realize a dream that the Dominant could not realize; 2) to possess the skills and qualities of people in relation to whom the Dominant felt feelings of delight, respect, admiration, awe, envy; 3) to do what the Dominant was afraid of (or do something that could frighten the Dominant); 4) not to fall into the category of people that the Dominant considered "weaklings"; 5) to do something that could cause impotent rage (panic) in the Dominant; 6) to have such skills or qualities that the Dominant was proud of, took credit for; 7) to have those skills and qualities that the person possessed, who has managed to rise above the Dominant One in some way; 8) marry a person who will help realize the above desires, etc.n This work is a qualitative study of a structured interview, which was previously the subject of a quantitative study published earlier. The detailed answers of the subjects were classified according to the types of conflicts described in them. The novelty lies in the fact that on the basis of these basic aspirations, a number of private needs have been identified, the inability to satisfy which leads to intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts. A cognitive distortion has been revealed regarding the "helplessness" and "inoffensiveness" of people of the same sex as the Subordinate. The following personality structure is proposed: 1) ideas about what is "strong" behavior (based on the child's observation of the Dominant behavior, which ensures success in the eyes of a Subordinate); 2) ideas about what is "weak" behavior (based on observation of the Subordinate's behavior, which, from the child's point of view, makes him a slave) 3) ideas about "strong" and "weak", "decent" and "unworthy" behavior that exist in society. It is assumed that the driving force of personality development is the resolution of contradictions found by the child between these three elements.

A concept to evaluate activity-based acoustic settings in preschools for children aged three to six

Describing common noise patterns caused by different activities and situations in educational buildings is a complex topic. First categorizations of activities have been developed for primary schools addressing children starting from the age of six. They were based on the teacher-to-children-communication pathways or the teaching activity, such as math class versus music lessons. Until now, preschools and, thus, children younger than six have been rarely examined in previous literature. This study seeks to investigate activities in preschools for the age group of three- to six-year-olds and discusses a categorization of activity patterns concerning the educators-to-children interaction and communication pathways. For this, acoustic measurements were conducted in preschools. Differences in selected noise descriptors (e.g., sound pressure level and psychoacoustic parameters) were explored and discussed with respect to the proposed categorization. Furthermore, this study focuses on adding children's points of view into the evaluation by integrating effects assessed using a child head and torso simulator.

The Rural School from Child's Point of View: A Participatory Research Through Photovoice

Rural schools have been studied throughout their history. However, the presence of the students' perspective in these schools has not been a preferred topic. The aim of this research is to listen to and make visible the opinions and feelings of the students enrolled in the grouped rural schools (CRA) in the province of Ourense (Spain). The methodology used is participatory in nature and is designed to achieve the collaboration, involvement, recognition, and acceptance of the participants. In the process developed, a first stage of awareness-raising and a second stage of negotiation and joint decision-making can be distinguished. At the same time, interpersonal and intrapersonal reflection are combined. Child-friendly data collection strategies are used: 6 multi-level assemblies (143 minutes of audio recordings), photovoice (303 textualised photographs) and drawing conversation (101 narrated drawings). Six schools participated, with a total of 101 school children enrolled in pre-school and primary education. The data analysis process was carried out with the ATLAS.ti 22 software. The results obtained show that the pupils' voice focuses mainly on five visions centered on the material, academic, contextual, emotional, and relational aspects. In addition, play stands out as a transversal axis that saturates all the categories. The conclusions show the importance of taking into account the voice of the pupils, as it allows the participation of all pupils with a diversity of competences, skills and expressive styles.

"One Little Slice, from a Child's Point of View": Locating Childhood Experience during the Civil War in County Kerry in Archived Oral History

"One Little Slice, from a Child's Point of View": Locating Childhood Experience during the Civil War in County Kerry in Archived Oral History

청소년의 공격성에 영향을 미치는 요인

This study is a descriptive research study attempted to investigate the relationship between the degree of aggression, parent-child communication, self-concept, and loneliness in adolescents and to find out the factors that affect aggression. As a result of the study, parent-child communication, self-concept, and loneliness had a correlation with aggression. Regression analysis showed that communication with mother (t=-3.272, p<.001) and loneliness (t=2.579, p<.001) explained 18.2% of aggression. Based on the above research results, communication with the mother (t=-3.272, p<.001) and loneliness (t=2.579, p<.001) were identified as factors influencing adolescent aggression, and it is necessary to develop a program in which family can participate together while parents understanding their child's characteristics and communicate from the child's point of view.

Perceived Parental Bonding: A Comparative Study between Adults Growing up in Single Parent and Both Parent Homes

Parental bonding is an intense attachment in relationship that develops between the parent and child during the early years of life. Scientific literature asserts that parent-child bonding is an important predictor of the child’s immediate habits, thoughts, and emotions and its long-term personal and social growth. The present study investigated perceived parental bonding in adults from single-parent and both-parent homes to understand if parenting conditions influenced the bonding relationship. Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) was used to evaluate one’s attachment to one's parent from the adult child's point of view. 200 adults with single parents (n=100) and both parents (n=100), with a mean age of 29.45 years participated in the study. Results from independent sample t-test showed that participants who grew up with single parents perceived lesser care and higher overprotectiveness from their father/mother, while those from both-parent homes perceived more care and lesser overprotection from their father as well as their mother. Further analysis revealed that individuals from single-parent homes reported affectionless control type of bonding to be persistent in their relationship, while those from both-parent homes reported optimal bonding with their parents.

영어유치원에 자녀를 보내는 어머니들의 경험에 대한 현상연구

Objectives This study aims to investigate the cultural phenomenon of early English education through interviews with three mothers who chose English kindergartens through phenomenological research methodologies.
 Methods The participants in this study are three mothers who are sending their children to an English kindergarten at the time of the interview. As a data collection method, open-ended and semi-structured interview techniques were used. The contents of the interview were recorded and then transcribed. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with questions about the motivation for sending to English kindergarten, mothers' beliefs about early English learning, and mothers' perceptions of their children's English kindergarten experience. Interviews took an average of 90 minutes, and telephone interviews were adopted, considering the mother's convenience.
 Results The motives of mothers who send their children to English kindergartens are as follows. Children's desire to learn English in nature, English as an area that mothers cannot teach, early English learning as an investment in the future, and positive attitude toward American English textbooks. In addition, mothers had a positive attitude toward their children's early English learning but also had awareness of the importance of their mother tongue. Mothers positively recognized early English learning based on their beliefs gained from past English learning experiences and recognized early English learning as the first step for the CSAT. Mothers felt satisfied through the evaluation of their children's English proficiency.
 Conclusions A parent's beliefs determine when and how a child learns English, and a mother's beliefs greatly influence a child's English learning. Therefore, it is necessary to think from the child's point of view, not the parent's, whether the child has difficulties learning English or what kind of thoughts the child has.

Practical Aspects of ASD Management-What Pediatricians Should Know.

The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) warrants higher levels of clinical attention to optimally manage children with ASD. There is mounting evidence that early intervention programs can help improve developmental functioning, maladaptive behaviors, and core ASD symptoms. The most thoroughly investigated and evidence-based therapies have been developmental, behavioral, and educational interventions mediated by either professionals or parents. Other commonly available interventions include speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training. Pharmacological interventions, where needed, are used as an adjunct to treat severe problem behaviors and manage medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) approaches have not proven to be of any benefit, and some of them may be harmful to the child. As the child's first point of contact, the pediatrician is well-positioned to effectively guide the families to therapies that are evidence-based and safe and also collaborate with various specialists to provide seamless, coordinated care for these children so as to improve their developmental outcomes and social functioning.

Vršnjaci, odrasli i učenje u dečjoj igri - sagledavanje igre iz dečje perspektive

Play is easy to recognise, though not as easy to define. Its conceptual definitions are numerous and different, depending on their theoretical starting points. What connects them is the importance they attach to play as a divergent activity of the child in which all the child's potentials are activated. Hovewer, research around the world has shown that children in kindergartens spend considerably less time playing and exploring than doing structured activities; that their opportunities to play in open spaces are constantly decreasing; that, even when they are engaged in play, it is often superficial and chaotic; and the way in which adults perceive children's play is often inconsistent with what play represents from the children's point of view. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to look at how children perceive play - what elements of play children identify as most important, how they perceive their relationship with other children and adults while playing, and how they see learning through play. The descriptive method used relied on the techniques of drawing and interviewing. The study included 47 children aged 4 to 7. The results of the research confirm that what children find most important during play are their playmates, that adults' involvement in children's play is very low, and that children's learning through play is linked to the very experience of playing. The most significant conclusion of this research is that children are often left to their own devices in play, so it is necessary to pay more attention to their play and to support it both in the family and in the institutional context by providing children with different experiences and models of creative behaviour.

DRAW.IN.G.: A tool to explore children's representation of the preschool environment.

The use of drawing as a research tool has often been the subject of debate in the field of developmental psychology, especially for the exploration of children's meanings on a specific topic. Methodological limitations do emerge when using drawing in research, especially in preschool age. One of the main critical aspects concerns the lack of systematic and standardized coding methods that include clear and operationalizable categories to analyze the content of the drawings, and that associate a brief interview with the children aimed at avoiding misinterpretations. To bridge this gap, the present contribution introduces a new methodological tool named DRAW.IN.G. (DRAWing and Interview Grid), consisting of a specific procedure and a coding system that allow for a systematic investigation of implicit and explicit levels of children's representation emerging via drawings and interviews. The specific topic investigated by DRAW.IN.G. is children's representation of the preschool environment; the scarcity of studies on this issue, despite the importance of including children's point of view in the design processes of educational spaces makes the tool particularly current and relevant to fill some gaps in research in the educational field. The DRAW.IN.G. coding system, developed on the basis of existing literature on the analysis of drawings, includes five main dimensions of children's representation of the educational environment: physical, behavioral, relational, emotional and motivational dimensions, articulated in 18 macro-categories and 90 categories that make up the scoring grid. To assess the validity of the method, a first application was conducted with a sample of 262 children (141 males, 121 females; mean age = 55.78 months; SD = 11.10; range 37-77 months) from five Italian preschools. Categorical inter-rater reliability of two independent raters showed good to excellent agreement for the categories of the grid, indicating their appropriateness and clarity. The validation study indicated the potential of the method, also revealing some critical aspects to be considered. Both methodological and practical implications are discussed.

Efektivitas Filial Play dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Orang Tua Meregulasi Emosi dan Empati selama Mendampingi Anak Belajar dari Rumah di Sekolah Maitreyawira, Deli Serdang

The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of Filial Play in increasing the ability of parents to regulate emotions and empathize while accompanying children to learn from home at Maitreyawira school, Deli Serdang. Qualitative research method with a narrative research approach using NVIVO-12. The results showed that by being given Filial Play treatment, namely structuring skills, setting boundaries, attentive listening, and child-centered games for 3 months so that the informants could carry out Filial Play in a flexible and integrated manner. By applying the four Filial Play skills, parents become better able to regulate emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression. In addition, parents are better able to empathize, namely by understanding the child's point of view (perspective taking), placing oneself in the position of others (online stimulation), emotional contagion (emotional contagion), drifting/getting carried away with feelings (peripheral responsiveness), and sympathy/feel what is felt by the child (proximal responsiveness). There is an effectiveness of Filial Play in increasing the ability of parents to regulate emotions and empathize while accompanying children to learn from home.

Child Mentoring to Cultivate Resilience of Vulnerability to Bullying

Bullying is a severe child problem that needs attention. School-age children are not only vulnerable to becoming victims but also perpetrators. It is a breakthrough intervention so that children are not susceptible to exposure. This community service program aims to cultivate children's resilience to protect themselves from the vulnerability of all kinds of bullying. It employed a mentoring method that involved three stages. The method used Service Learning (SL) method. It was as a medium for integrating voluntary community services with active reflection which is expected to enrich and strengthen training materials in community development with the use of existing assets and potential. They were the preparation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stages. The preparatory stage was done by observing school-age children's gathering points, identifying problems, and determining the mentoring program. The second was implementing a mentoring program based on the child's age. Then the third stage was monitoring and evaluation. The mentoring results found that school-age children participated in this program enthusiastically and participative. Knowledge, awareness, and commitment of school-age children in Cilodong, Depok, related to bullying prevention increased significantly.
 Keywords: Child Mentoring, Cultivate Resilience, Vulnerability to Bullying

Consultation and Mediation to Resolve Illegitimate Child Disputes by Prioritizing the Best Interest of the Child Principle

Based on the convention on children's rights, there are four categories of children's rights to realize the principle of the best interest of the child, namely the right to survival, the right to protection, the right to grow and develop, and the right to participate in expressing opinions in all matters affecting children. The right to survival of children requires the state to ensure their survival, both with a conducive environment, decent living facilities and infrastructure to access to basic needs. The principle of the best interest of the child requires child protection providers to look at and make decisions regarding the future of the child based on the child's point of view not the point of view of adults so as to reach and ensure the fulfillment of children's rights.

Parental attitudes of mothers raising sons with Crohn's disease

The article describes the issues and presents research on parental attitudes of mothers towards somatically ill children. The analysis of the issue includes the mother's point of view as well as the child's point of view. The conducted research shows a relationship between the assessment of parental attitudes of mothers and their assessment of their sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's somatic disease. They point to the differences in the perception of mothers' parental attitudes from these two perspectives. They also show the relationship between the child's age and the mother's attitude. The study included 30 mothers and their 30 teenage sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's disease.

PEMBENTUKAN RASA BERUMAH DAN CULTURAL BELONGING TOKOH IMIGRAN PADA NOVEL TANAH SEBERANG (2018)

In literary works, how immigrants build a sense of home and culture can be seen in the novel titled Tanah Seberang (2018) by Kurnia Gusti Sawiji. This research using qualitative-descriptive method aims to show how the process of feeling at home and cultural belonging is built by immigrant characters in the novel Tanah Seberang (2018). This study will use the concept of narratology proposed by Gérard Genette (1983) and the theory of Home and Belonging and “in-between” Identity proposed by John McLeod (2000). The results showed (1) one novel contains variable focalization that represents the children's point of view, (2) in the process of the characters in building a sense of home and cultural belonging, there is contestation between Malaysia, other countries, and Indonesia, other countries. origin of the immigrants. The contestation of the country of origin, namely Indonesia, and the migrant country, namely Malaysia, shows that Malaysia can provide a good life from a financial perspective, however, the cultural belonging and sense of home of the migrant population in the novel are still embedded in their country of origin, Indonesia.

Validation of the Arabic translation of the caries impacts and experiences questionnaire for children.

The recently developed Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC) is originally an English questionnaire targeting the assessment of caries-related quality of life from a child's point of view. This study aimed to translate and adapt the CARIES-QC into the Arabic language and to test its reliability and validity on Arabic-speaking children. A total of 234 children aged 5-16years answered the translated questionnaire. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha; 62 children answered the questionnaire again to evaluate the test-retest reliability by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Convergent validity was evaluated by correlating question scores with global question scores. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate cross-cultural validity. Cronbach's alpha of the CARIES-QC/A was 0.905. The inter-item correlation coefficients of the CARIES-QC/A ranged from 0.240 to 0.850. The total ICC score was 0.960. CFA demonstrated acceptable fit to the data in the one-factor model. Convergent validity indicated moderate correlation with the global question (rs =.740). The CARIES-QC/A is a valid and reliable tool that could be used to evaluate oral health-related quality of life in Arabic-speaking children.

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Patients with Drug-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Iran: Different Points of Children from Adults.

Background Different epidemiologic aspects of drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in children are scarce. Aim To compare the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with drug-induced SJS and TEN in children and adults. Method This retrospective study was conducted at two academic referral centers (Isfahan, Iran) over 5 years. SJS and TEN were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by skin biopsy as needed. Results One hundred one patients (31 children and 70 adults) with a female to male ratio of 1.1 : 1 was identified in the present study. SJS was more commonly diagnosed in both pediatric and adult patients. The most frequent reason for drug administration identified was the infection (45.2%) and seizure (45.2%) in children and infection (34.3%) and psychiatry disorder (27.1%) in adults (P = 0.001). The most common culprit drugs in the pediatric were phenobarbital (9/31), cotrimoxazole (4/31), and amoxicillin (4/31); however, in the adult group, the most common drugs were carbamazepine (11/70) and lamotrigine (9/70). Fever was significantly more common in adults (44.3%) compared to pediatric patients (22.6%) (P = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression models showed that pediatric patients had significantly lower odds of hospitalization (OR [odds ratio]: 0.14; 95% CI 0.02, 0.67). In addition, patients with SCORTEN 1 had significantly higher odds of hospitalization (OR: 6.3; 95% CI: 1.68, 23.79) compared to patients with SCORTEN 0. Conclusions The present study showed several differences between the pediatric and adult patients with SJS and TEN, including the reason for drug administration, culprit drugs, length of hospital stay, presence of fever, and final diagnosis of disease.