Nurturing Of Children Research Articles

Examining How National Levels of Life Expectancy, Education, and Income Influence Early Childhood Development: The Mediating Role of the Child's Nurturing Context.

Forty-three percent of children younger than 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not meeting their developmental potential. This study investigated how 3 aspects of national development (national life expectancy, education, and income levels) are associated with early childhood development by influencing 5 domains of nurturing care (caregiving, the learning environment, safety and security, nutrition, and the health of the home environment). In total, 159,959 families with children aged 36 to 59 months living in 51 LMICs provided data. National development was measured using 3 indicators (national life expectancy, education, and income levels), and nurturing care was measured using 10 indicators that collectively captured the 5 nurturing care domains. Path analyses examined how nurturing care indicators mediated the effects of national development on early childhood development. Higher national life expectancy was directly associated with more advanced childhood development. Higher national levels of education and income were indirectly associated with more advanced childhood development through aspects of nurturing care, such as reduced caregiver psychological aggression or physical violence, increased learning materials and wired appliances in the home environment, and greater caregiver education and child height-for-age. Greater caregiver cognitive caregiving practices promoted childhood development, regardless of levels of national development. Intervening to promote caregiver education, appropriate discipline strategies, cognitive caregiving practices, and family access to wired appliances, learning materials, and adequate nutrition is key to promoting childhood development in nations with lower levels of national development.

The Importance of Holistic Education in India

Every parent wants that their children to excel not only in studies but also in life. And they need to know that this could only be achievable through some good experiences and learning. Hence, schools play a vital role in building a good base for the child. So, it is necessary to know how a different education system can help their child nurture. And that’s why a new education approach of teaching is introducing nowadays that is Holistic Education.

SỬ DỤNG TÁC PHẨM TRUYỆN TRONG TÍCH HỢP GIÁO DỤC DINH DƯỠNG - SỨC KHOẺ CHO TRẺ Ở TRƯỜNG MẦM NON

Nutrition and health education are the main content in physical development education for preschool children. To help children develop some good habits and behaviors in eating and hygiene to prevent disease, teachers can use many teaching resources. This study analyzes the advantages of the story works and directions for using them to integrate nutrition and health education for preschool children. Content analysis method, direct interview method, and operational product research method have been used. The results show that stories that can be used to integrate nutrition education for children in preschool are relatively rich and diverse. Teachers can use these stories to educate children about the habit of maintaining physical hygiene and educating children about hygienic and nutritious eating, thereby improving the quality of care, nurturing and education of children at preschool educational establishments.

GENDER PAY-GAP: UTILISING MULTIVARIATE APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES OF UNEQUAL PAY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN SOUTH AFRICA

Purpose: The gender pay gap in South Africa has greatly reduced since the implementation of the Employment Equity Act in 1998. However, there is still a pay gap that cannot be sufficiently explained and addressed by government leaders and scholars. Scholars, policymakers, the radical left, and feminists have carefully highlighted and addressed what is considered to be the major causes, such as segregation of women, women's stereotypes, marginalization of women, wage penalties due to time away from work, child nurturing responsibilities given to women, and inequality in salaries and remunerations. However, the World Bank reported that from 2007 on, the gender pay gap in South Africa was no longer showing any sign of reduction. It was stagnant and thereafter oscillating. As such the purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of the stagnation and the oscillation, and to provide recommendations. Theoretical Framework: This research used multivariate analysis theory to make further contributions on the causes of gender pay inequality in South Africa in order to address the stagnation and oscillation of the existing pay gap. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used is qualitative approach. The research design comprises men and women who are already in the work industry in both private and public sector. Findings: This research found that gender pay gap in South Africa is caused by women’s family-career crisis as a main contributor, followed by interests and personality traits, equality of opportunity and career selection. Research Implications: This research paper gives light to further research in Women’s family-career crisis as it seems to be the major contributor to gender pay gap in South Africa. The assessment of how impactful family-career crisis is on gender pay gap is also essential in order to understand the magnitude of it on gender pay gap in South Africa. Originality/Value: This research paper found significant causes of gender pay gap such as ‘family career-crisis’ that shows to heavily contribute to the gender pay in South Africa. This might further give clarity to the governments on the existence of gender pay gap. Moreover this research may help in redefining the government policies on the approach of gender pay gap.

Intragender Relationship of the Traditional Ilorin Women in Domestic Front: Lessons for Modern Muslim Women

The traditional Ilorin society was renowned for peaceful coexistence among its people and decorum in the family domain. Families made Islamic principles their watchwords and the genders collaborated to ensure that marital obligations were efficiently performed. This paper focuses on the pattern of family management displayed by traditional Ilorin women to facilitate peaceful cohabitation and efficient performance, as wives and mothers. The study is historical and ethnographic, dwelling on the system’s pattern of orientation and integration of new wives, division of domestic chores, collaborative nurturing of children, fraternity system and disciplinary measures. The major instruments for data collection are interview, observation, documented studies and Islamic texts. The study revealed religious faithfulness as their inspiration and Islamic ethics of gentility, mutual support, collaboration among women cohered to channel the family course. These were borne out of sincere love and unity which translated into peace and harmony in the home and the society. The paper submits that if modern women can embrace this Islamic interactive etiquette and hold the marital duties in high esteem, as done by the traditional Ilorin women, there will be family cohesion, meaningful progress in the society

The Impact of Parenting Styles on Children's Social Adjustment and Development

This article discuss about how parenting styles affect children’s social adaption and development by using Diana Baumrind’s ‘Family parenting styles’ theory. It provides an useful framework to analysis the parenting styles’ impact on children. It have a straight impact on children, Baumrind’s theory emphasize the importance of family environment to the child’s socialization process. The parent-child interaction and the transmission of family rules and values, as well as parents support and guidance, can positively impact children’s ability of social adaption, a suitable parenting styles could nurture children’s self-esteem, confidence, and social ability. Secondly, Baumrind’s theory emphasize the importance of family environment to the child’s psychological, and cognitional development. The care, warmth, and support could boost children’s emotional development, provide secure basis of attachment. Meanwhile, the nurture of rules, boundaries, and responsibility help children to develop self control and cognitive ability.

What’s the Emergency in Maternal Emergence? A Response to Hoskins-Murphy’s “Close to the Bone”

ABSTRACT In response to Nicola Hoskins-Murphy’s paper, I wonder about the limitations of and contradictions embedded in the formulation of a maternal that requires foreclosure of a longed-for emergence of self and endless sacrifice in service of meeting the child’s needs, and I offer a framework for a meta-examination of the structures – mythological, psychoanalytic, political, historical, and economic – that shape such maternal formulations. I examine the sense of threat that circulates in the paper around the desire for and fear of this “emergence” and wonder how a greater awareness of the social dimension the mothers and their sons are situated in might help shift its presence. I argue that there are unique new challenges to maternal subjectivity posed by children in later adolescence and in the transition to young adulthood which need further theorization in general, and suggest that feminist critical voices can support emergence that deviates from and coexists with nurturance of children, especially but not only in this developmental period.

What is actual condition of working parents about child nurturing and what they have to do?

What is actual condition of working parents about child nurturing and what they have to do?

The Textbook Masturbator: A Renegotiated Discourse in Official Swedish Sex-Education Guidelines and Textbooks, circa 1945–2000

AbstractThe educational mission of most western schools today includes the nurturing of children’s sexual upbringing, which many scholars see as a way of controlling their sexuality and forming them into “sexual citizens.” This article examines how official Swedish school guidelines and textbooks have mediated sexuality norms through education on masturbation. The professional discourse on masturbation started to change during the first half of the twentieth century, when masturbation shifted from being perceived as something harmful to something accepted as natural and harmless. This article focuses on a period following that shift in opinion: circa 1945-2000. The analysis shows that boys’ sexuality during this time received more attention than girls’, and a strong new norm about sex contributed to masturbation taking on less importance than heterosexual intercourse within a relationship. This article shows how state-controlled curricula have created norms about gender and sexuality, thus contributing to the development of a sexual citizenship.

“Something happened”: an interview with Lynda Barry

ABSTRACT In Fall 2022, we sat down with MacArthur Genius Award winner, cartoonist Lynda Barry to share our admiration for her work and learn about her advocacy for cartooning and creativity. We talked about comics, her work in the classroom, and the techniques she uses to help students expand their visual focus and their imaginative capacity. In this interview, we think about child development and the nurturing of children’s imagination, our favourite cartoonists, what happens in comics, and music and drawing together. We also hear stories from the classroom of Lynda Barry! Reflecting Barry’s work and her ways, this interview explores and celebrates her genius.

Socio-ecological drivers of vulnerabilities of children living within orphan homes and the implications for their nurturance care.

At the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is the vision to "leave no one behind, and to see that all children survive, thrive and transform. However, some categories of children may remain left behind owing to their disproportionate exposure to the risk of threats and deficit of attention to the social and ecological climate that characterizes the various systems in which they are found. This study is concerned with one major question: Despite diverse local and international instruments that favor full nurturance and development of children, what social forces play as threat to full nurturance care in the context of children living in Orphan homes? Nurturing care framework and Brofenbrener's ecological system theory were adopted as the analytical frameworks. Research design was exploratory. Data were collected through sessions of in-depth-interview with orphanage managers, caregivers, and social workers on the socio-ecology drivers of threat to children living within the orphan home space and its implications for nurturance care across the various complex systems of the child's environment. The study found various factors across the complex systems of child development - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, microsysm and lastly, chronosystem- which undermine caregivers' delivery and increases children's vulnerability and risk of missing out on effective nurturance care. These vulnerabilities are endemic realities of social, and bio-ecologcal space in which child development occurs. This study recommends specialized interventions and policy directives relevant for each identified threat. It also calls for a stronger political will in improving the conditions of this category of the children while within the orphan home space and ultimately, actions towards deinstitutionalization of children.

Adoptive Motherhood in India: An Analysis Through Myths and Critical Theories

Motherhood, biological or otherwise, is exclusively dedicated to the nurturance of children. The experience of motherhood, institutionalized and ghettoized under patriarchy, has often been subjected to the systematic massacring of female potentialities (Rich 13). History has been a witness to the making of biological mothers—sometimes without a choice of their own and the mothering capacities of women are often applauded based on their birthing capacities. What, therefore, becomes unnoticed in the array of societal expectations, is the trials and tribulations of the women in general, to fulfil the normative criteria of biological motherhood. As motherhood becomes a sacred calling for most women, the desire for a genetic child gets strengthened in the maternal psyche. And the (in)capability to further the species through biological reproduction makes the women discover other avenues for fulfilling this prefixed maternal capacity. This paper is an attempt to explore the various mythologies surrounding adoptive motherhood and mothering in India while deciphering the feminist analysis of the practice of adoptive mothering and its importance for maintaining the sanctity of motherhood in general.

Psychological Stress and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Autistic Children

Background: Literature has indicated that parents of autistic children face higher stress levels than parents of allistic children (non-autistic children), leading them to experience depressive symptoms that impact their daily lives, reducing their quality of life. This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and perceived self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of autistic children.
 Methods: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. A total of 125 mothers and fathers consented to participate in the current study. 15 parents only partially completed the survey, so their data was not included. The remaining 110 cases were included. This left a final sample of 110 parents of autistic children, 100 mothers (90.9 %), and 10 fathers (9.1%). All were biological parents.
 Results: As indicated by the results, all statements in the Parental distress (PD) subscale had a score ranging between high (the majority of items, 10) to medium (two items). All statements in the Parent-Child Dysfunctional interaction (P-CDI) subscale had a score ranging between high (the majority of items, 10) to low (two items). All statements in the Difficult Child (DC) subscale scored high. The whole subscale had a mean score of 4.04 (SD=3.17) with a high score. For correlations, psychological stress was negatively correlated with perceived self-efficacy (r = -0. 34, p < 0.001).
 Conclusion: The stress experienced during the nurturing of children with disabilities is a factor that threatens the psychological well-being of mothers of autistic children.

An overview of home and parental factors associated with child nurturing care, stimulatory behaviors, and child outcomes in rural communities in Zambia

Contextual diversity in early childhood development present challenges and opportunities for holistic child development. This study explored home and parental factors associated with early childhood developmental outcomes in rural communities. Using purposive sampling, 175 families with children aged 0–8 (87 girls and 88 boys) were recruited to participate in the study. Parents responded to home and parenting measures assessing early developmental supports at home. Child developmental outcomes (cognition, alphabet knowledge, receptive language, pattern reasoning, attention, and fine motor skills) for 58 children were assessed. Correlations showed positive associations of home and parent measures with child outcomes except socioeconomic status and receptive language. This study highlights presence of nurturance care and stimulatory behaviors in rural communities that reflect variations in child outcomes. Based on findings, it was recommended that parent empowering programs be embedded in practices of childcare that incorporate local knowledge and materials including ways they foster different aspects of early developmental skills.

A Study on Parenting Experiences of Multicultural Families with Disabled Children in Korea

This paper employs a qualitative case study to investigate the parenting experiences of multicultural families with disabled children in Korea. The topic at hand focuses specifically on mothers’ experiences of raising a child with disability in a multicultural family. Participants chosen through purposive sampling method were recommended by the Korean multicultural support center. This study’s five participants are married female immigrants who are raising elementary school-age children with disabilities and who have Korean communication skills. The qualitative case study approach seeks to elicit the participants’ experiences of child nurturing. Their experiences were analyzed and categorized into two main categories: (1) hardships for mothers raising children with disabilities and (2) expectations of mothers raising children with disabilities. Such analyses lead us to understand the intricacies of motherhood for children with special needs in foreign countries. Lastly, the implications of this study aim to provide direction for effective and practical policies—including social welfare and educational support—that will meet the needs of multicultural families with disabled children.

조부모의 손주입양

The Korean Supreme Court recently ruled that an adoption may be permitted if the grandparent requests the adoption of a grandchild whose biological parents are unable to rear, provided the conditions for adoption are met and the adoption is in the child's best interests. The court considers whether the grandparents have a practical intention to form a life relationship as a parent beyond simple child rearing and whether the main purpose of adoption is to provide stable and permanent nurturing and protection of children as parents. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the birth parents’ consent to adoption is made voluntarily and definitively after receiving sufficient information about child rearing and adoption, in light of the age of the children and grandparents, including the parenting situation up to now, the circumstances leading to the adoption. It is necessary to examine whether it can be expected that a parental relationship can be naturally formed between the two, compare and quantify the matters that are beneficial to the child and the concerns that the adoption of the grandparents are concerned with, and determine whether the adoption is suitable for the child's welfare in individual and specific cases.

Attitude and Awareness of Mothers Regarding Child Rearing Practices in Tribal and Non-Tribal Areas of Himachal Pradesh

Child rearing refers to nurturing of children by mother and is perhaps the most demanding duty for a mother. Effective child rearing is vital for child's complete development. Socio-economic milieu and cultural beliefs determine the child rearing practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a view of evaluating mother’s attitude and level of awareness about child rearing practices in selected pockets of tribal and non-tribal areas of Himachal. Mother is an important primary care giver and, thus, she should able to take care of her baby and develop a positive attitude towards child rearing practices, which help the child to be psychologically and socially strong. The study concludes that a few poor infant rearing practices still prevail so healthcare delivery system can play an important role to help the mothers to up bring their children.

The effect of parental divorce on the sexual life and marital well-being of offspring in China

Over the past few decades, the increasing divorce rate has been one of the most prominent behavioral changes influencing Chinese families and the nurturing and socialization of children. Research has found that parental divorce exerts only a limited negative impact on children's socioeconomic achievement in China relative to that in Western societies. However, few studies have explored the long-term consequences of parental divorce on children's demographic outcomes in China. Therefore, how parental divorce influences the timing of offspring's first sexual intercourse and marriage, as well as its impact on their sexual and marital well-being, were investigated in this study. Based on findings obtained using data from the Chinese Private Life Survey, children from divorced families were more likely to initiate sexual intercourse at younger ages than those from intact families, although the two groups entered their first marriage at similar ages. Regarding sexual and marital well-being, married men and women who experienced parental divorce during childhood were less satisfied with their current marriage and marital sex and exhibited a higher level of divorce proneness and more sexual dysfunction symptoms than those from intact families. The effect of parental divorce on marital well-being was also largely mediated by the onset of sexual intercourse at a younger age. Having more years of premarital sexual experience was associated with lower sexual satisfaction, more sexual dysfunction symptoms, and more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviors. The worsening of sexual life also further undermined marital well-being.

Influence of Parenting Styles on Self-Esteem among Boy Children Aged 11-14 Years in Public Primary Schools in Taita Sub – county, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya

Parenting is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, spiritual, vocational, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. The high self-esteem gained will help the boy children to improve their performance in every feel at home and in school. The study was confined to the influence of parenting styles on self-esteem of the boy child within Taita Sub-County of Taita-Taveta County. The participants in this study were consisted of pupils, administrators, and teacher counselors. Additionally, Baumrind, (2012) states that authoritarian parenting is a style of child nurturing that has many demands and rigidness. Authoritarian parents are very strict and expect their orders to be followed without question. This study employed cross-sectional survey design. A cross-sectional research design is a design in which researchers collect data from participants within a single point in time. The cross-sectional survey design was considered appropriate for this study because it allows the researcher to use minimal contact between the researcher and the respondent. The target population consisted of 2600 pupils, 94 administrators and 80 teacher counselors, from within Taita Sub-County. Pupils involved in the exercise were all in the age between 11 years to 14 years. The population of this study was composed of administrators, teacher counselors and pupils. The study concluded from the results, majority of the respondents-172 (70.5%) agreed that their parents are authoritative. A chi-square test revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the authoritative parenting style and self-esteem. A spearman correlation test showed that authoritative parenting style had a 10.7% correlation with self-esteem (rho = 0.107). This implied that a unit increase in authoritative parenting leads to a 10.7% increase in the self-esteem of male pupils in public primary schools. Qualitative analysis revealed that key informants stated the following: ‘Authoritative parenting helps the boys have high self-esteem’; ‘With authoritative parenting, the male pupils become very good leaders, since they practice what they see from parents’. From the findings, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that stated: authoritative parenting style does not have a statistically significant influence the level of self-esteem of children in primary schools. Therefore, authoritative parenting style influences the self-esteem of male pupils.

Child Nurture and Learning Assistance for Children in The Family During the Covid -19 Pandemic

This study aims to find out the problems faced by child nurture and learning assistance for children in the family during the covid -19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a survey method. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta Province. The respondents of this study were parents, totaling 78 people.This study used a closed questionnaire. The results of the study are that the Covid 19 pandemic has made parents experience various obstacles related to parenting and assisting children in learning, ranging from the inability of parents to explain school material, disciplining children, spending too much time with gadgets and technical obstacles faced by 50% of families. These technical constraints are related to signal, wifi, quota and the ability to own gadgets. So that in providing assistance such as quotas, it would be better if support was also given to students who do not have gadgets and assistance for areas that are still having problems with signals because there are no transmitters.