Group Of Children Research Articles

PENGEMBANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI LITERASI DIGITAL UNTUK MENANGKAL HOAKS KEBENCANAAN DI CIANJUR

The flood of information following the earthquake disaster in Cianjur has had an impact on the spread of hoaxes which is difficult to stop. The impact not only causes anxiety and fear, it even triggers division and conflict. To educate the public in preventing hoaxes, the Volunteer Team from Putra Indonesia University and Jayabaya University for three months after the earthquake carried out activities to Strengthen Digital Literacy and Psychosocial Assistance at earthquake victim posts spread across Cianjur. Implementation of community service uses a service-learning method that adapts the learning system to the situation and needs of the community. Community service activities are carried out using teaching aids that can be received by earthquake victims in the form of fun-learning with a duration of two hours. The first session is filled with introductions and storytelling, then learning while playing in the second session. The group was divided into two separate locations, namely the children's group and the parents' group. The aim is for each group to receive different material reinforcement according to their individual needs. Implementation of activities is carried out in collaboration with various parties (between universities, company CSR and local stakeholders). The results of the activities carried out showed that participants were able to understand digital culture, ethics in using social media, and the Personal Data Protection Law.

The disease burden of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children from remote communities does not improve over time. A longitudinal study.

In Australia, middle ear disease disproportionately affects Indigenous children, leading to poor hearing outcomes. This study aimed to determine the natural history of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children in remote South Australia. Baseline and 3 year follow-up data was collected from Indigenous children aged 5-18 years living on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. 4-frequency pure-tone audiometry was used to determine hearing levels. Middle ear pathology was determined by video-otoscopy with tympanometry and classified at baseline as group 1 (normal), group 2 (abnormal with intact tympanic membrane), or group 3 (perforated tympanic membrane). A total of 253 children were included in this study. Children in group 1 (20.6 ± 1.5 dBHL; Mean ± SD) had significantly better hearing outcomes at 3 year follow-up than children with abnormal ears (groups 2 and 3) (23.8 ± 7.0 dBHL), P < 0.001. The difference was greatest for group 1 versus 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001, followed by 1 versus 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL), P = 0.009, and between 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL) and 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001. Hearing in Indigenous children with untreated middle ear pathology remains poor at follow-up compared to those without pathology. Intervention is therefore critical to prevent persisting poor hearing outcomes.

Oral Hygiene Practices and Dietary Behaviours in a Group of Children in Benghazi, Libya

Oral Hygiene Practices and Dietary Behaviours in a Group of Children in Benghazi, Libya

The Role of Mothers’ Varied Parenting Styles in Childhood Obesity

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mothers' democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and overprotective parenting styles in childhood obesity and mothers' perception of their children's body weight. Method: The research was cross-sectional in design, and a total of 94 children aged between two and six years were included, together with their mothers. Mothers were administered the Parental Attitude Scale, and children's Body Mass Index (BMI) was classified using age- gender-specific tables of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The effect of mothers' parental attitudes on their children's BMI groups was evaluated. However, mothers matched their child's appearance to the appearance they thought corresponded to the age and gender-specific weight plot and mothers' weight perceptions were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of overweight-obesity among children was found to be 19.2%. There wasn’t statistically difference between democratic, authoritarian, overprotective and permissive parenting styles and BMI categories of children (p=0.819, p=0.878, p=0.319, p=0.494). The mothers of overweight-obese children perceived their children as significantly overweight compared to other children (p

The influence of phytoncidal properties of indoor plants on the air microflora of preschool educational organizations

BACKGROUND: The quality of indoor air is an important factor affecting health. AIM: To study the effect of phytoncidal properties of indoor plants on closed space under normal operating conditions of preschool educational institutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The dynamics of the microorganisms’ total number in the air of group rooms of preschool educational institutions was assessed according to current guidelines. The rooms were identical in area. The radius of phytoncidal action of indoor plants was determined. Air samples were taken after a week of exposure at different distances from a group of these plants in the breathing zone of children using an aspiration method with a sampling device. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel packages, ANOVA analysis of variance was applied. RESULTS: Plant species with phytoncidal activity were selected and designated (Chlorophytum comosum, Aspidistra elatior, Begonia ricinifolia, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Plectranthus scutellarioides, Murraya exotica, Nephrolepis, Sansevieria trifasciata, Cyperus alternifolius). The total number of microorganisms in the air of group rooms before and after the installation of phytoncidal plants was compared (1201 and 584 CFU/m3). The maximum radius of plant placement at which bacterial contamination of the air decreased was determined. It was found that within a radius of 5 m from the placement of plants, the number of microorganisms was in the range of 380–481 CFU/m3, more than 5 m — 728–1101 CFU/m3. CONCLUSION: The use of indoor plants with phytoncidal activity in closed spaces of organized children's groups can serve as an additional way to improve the quality of the air environment.

The Effect of Educational Games on Fine Motor Ability For Children Aged 4-5 Years in Kindergarten

Objective: This study aims to know the influence of educational games on the abilities of children 4–5 years old in the garden.​​ Method: Design used in study This is a nonrandomized pretest-posttest control design where two groups are group experiments and group control with a quantitative approach. These research subjects are Child Group A at Al Falah Assalam Kindergarten, which has as many as 26 students as class experiments, and Children Group A at Kindergarten Al Falah Darussalam, which has as many as 26 students as class control. Deep data analysis techniques use non-parametric statistics, such as the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: This research showed that educational games have influenced young children aged 4-5 years. This is known from the results of the posttest carried out in the control class, where the increase was not significant, like the results of the posttest carried out in the experimental class, which previously carried out treatment activities. Novelty: The novelty of this research is using educational games to play in real life so that young children can touch and feel. This educational game can be used to introduce not only letters but also numbers, shapes, and colors.

Measuring Theory of Mind: a preliminary analysis of a novel linguistically simple and tablet-based measure for children

This study introduces a novel linguistically simple, tablet-based, behavioral Theory of Mind (ToM) measure, designed for neurotypical (NT) and autistic children aged 4–10 years. A synthesis of five comprehensive reviews of existing ToM measures revealed significant gaps in their designs; the weaknesses include a mismatch between the operational and conceptual definition of ToM, high verbal demands in most measures, materials that are minimally interesting for children, and often a lack of psychometric evaluations. These findings call into question the suitability of most of the currently available ToM measures used in children, both with and without developmental disorders, such as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For example, the assessment of ToM in children with ASD may require reduced reliance on complex language or social interaction that can be part of the diagnostic criteria of the condition. This newly designed ToM measure, developed in line with the “Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing” of the American Educational Research Association, is linguistically simple, tablet-based, suitable for children with ASD, and is available in English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish. With a sample of 234 participants, including 152 NT children and 82 children with ASD between 4 and 10 years of age, the new ToM measure's psychometric properties were preliminarily evaluated. Descriptive statistics, measures of internal consistency, inter-item correlation, and validity checks were conducted in both groups. Further inspections of the measure's scale- and item-level characteristics were conducted with the help of exploratory factor analyses (EFA), and item response theory (IRT) within the NT children's group. These preliminary evaluations suggest that the newly developed ToM measure possesses good psychometric properties and is both accessible and engaging for children. Further investigation with a larger group of participants is necessary to reinforce these initial results. This will allow item- and scale-level assessments within a wider range of autistic children. For this purpose, the task will be made freely available to the scientific community.

Appendicitis in Children: Does Age Really Matter?

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a frequent and emergent surgical abdominal condition that presents some particularities and challenges in young children. Data of 402 children aged <16 years with a confirmed diagnosis of AA were retrospectively reviewed. Included patients were divided into two groups: Group A (preschool children aged ≤5 years, n = 44) and Group B (school children aged >5 years, n = 358). Clinical presentation, biological findings, calculated diagnosis scores (paediatric appendicitis score [PAS] and Alvarado score), intraoperative findings and outcomes were comparatively analysed between the two groups. Children of Group A had more likely fever, bowel disorders, diffuse abdominal pain and diffuse tenderness than those of Group B (P = 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Regarding biomarkers, the mean of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels was higher in Group A than in Group B (18,849 cell/mm3 and 162.8 mg/L in Group A versus 15,938 cell/mm3 and 86.7 mg/L in Group B, P = 0.003 and < 0.001, respectively). The mean of calculated PAS and Alvarado scores was higher in Group A than in Group B (8.2 ± 1.1 and 8.2 ± 1 vs. 7.5 ± 1.4 and 7.4 ± 1.5, P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Most children with a calculated PAS and Alvarado score equal to or higher than 8 belonged to Group A (PAS: 84.1% vs. 58.4%, P = 0.001, Alvarado score: 84.1% vs. 55.6%, P < 0.001). The perforation of the appendix was seen in 77.3% of Group A patients and only in 41.5% of children in Group B (P < 0.0001). The mean length of stay was 5.1 ± 1.9 days in Group A and 4.3 ± 2.8 days in Group B but without any statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.094). AA in preschool children is associated with atypical presentation and rapid progression of the disease making the early diagnosis mostly challenging in our settings.

Moderators of movement behaviour changes among Canadian toddlers and preschoolers throughout the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Primary objectives were to examine: (1) changes in movement behaviours (i.e., outdoor play (OP), organized physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep) across the first 2 years of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among Canadian toddlers and preschoolers, and (2) intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy moderators of change in movement behaviors. Participants were 341 Canadian parents of children (start of study: 1-4 years; 48% female). Participants completed online questionnaires regarding their children's movement behaviours and intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors at five time-points before and throughout the pandemic (T1-T5). Data from government websites were also used for some community and policy factors. Linear mixed models were conducted. Compared to pre-COVID-19 (T1): OP was on average 30 min/day higher at T2 and T3; organized PA was on average 62, 44, and 37 min/day lower at T2, T3, and T4, respectively; ST was on average 67, 17, 38, and 52 min/day higher at T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively; and sleep was on average 30, 36, and 82 min/day lower at T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Significant moderating variables were observed for OP (parental education, parental work inside home, COVID-19 restriction severity), organized PA (children's sex, started kindergarten, nonparental care, parental education, household income, parental employment status, house type, indoor home space and support for PA), ST (nonparental care, parental marital status) and sleep (children's T1 age group, started kindergarten, parental place of birth, parental employment status). All movement behaviors changed across the first 2 years of COVID-19 but patterns and moderators were behaviour-specific. Children from lower socioeconomic status families had the least optimal patterns.

Children’s Metacognition and Their Second Language Acquisition: A Longitudinal Study

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the relationship between children’s metacognition and their later second language acquisition in implicit and explicit learning conditions, as well as the effects of time and condition on children’s metacognition and second language acquisition. Seventy Chinese children (M = 8.13 ; sd = 3.34) were followed from Year 2 to Year 3 at primary school. Children in Group 1 were in the Explicit Learning Condition, while children in Group 2 were in the Implicit and Explicit Learning Condition. A range of tasks were used to assess children’s metacognition and second language acquisition. Children’s implicit metacognitive skills and explicit metacognitive knowledge had significant predictive roles in their later second language acquisition. Children in Group 2 had higher levels of improvement in later implicit and explicit metacognition as well as in implicit and explicit second language acquisition than their counterparts in Group 1.

Real-Time Monitoring of Lower Limb Oxygen Saturation in Children with Indwelling Catheters Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Nursing Strategies

Objectives: To analyze the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children with indwelling catheters through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) detection of lower limb crSaO2, and to implement corresponding nursing countermeasures against the risk. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 80 children with indwelling catheters were selected from the first pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. They were divided into two groups: The DVT group (N = 20) and the non-DVT group (N = 60), based on whether DVT occurred within 3 days of catheterization. Single-factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0 software. Non-DVT patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group using a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing measures, while the study group received nursing measures based on NIRS for detecting DVT risk in lower limb crSaO2 in children with indwelling catheters. The blood coagulation indexes [thrombin time (TT); activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); fibrinogen (FIB); D-dimer (D-D)] of the two groups were compared at 3 days (T0), 7 days (T1), and 14 days (T2) after catheterization. The symptoms related to lower limb DVT during the study period were also recorded. Results: Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the independent risk factors for DVT in critically ill children with deep vein catheterization were bed rest time ≥ 3 days (OR = 2.963, 95% CI = 1.282 - 6.852), limb immobilization (OR = 2.843, 95% CI = 1.209 - 6.685), FIB (OR=57.765, 95% CI = 11.308 - 295.094), and D-D (OR = 3.415, 95% CI = 1.396 - 8.359) (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, there were statistical differences in the TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D indicators, as well as time and interaction among the study group's children (P &lt; 0.05). Before catheterization, there was no statistically significant difference in TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D between the two groups of children (P &gt; 0.05). Compared between groups, the TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D at T1 and T2 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while lower limb crSaO2 was significantly higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Intra-group comparison showed statistically significant differences in TT, APTT, FIB, and D-D between the two groups of children (P &lt; 0.05). The incidence of DVT-related symptoms in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: After deep vein catheterization, critically ill children are prone to be affected by extended bed rest and limb immobilization, resulting in the passive activation of the fibrinolytic system. Moreover, multidisciplinary team collaborative nursing measures based on NIRS technology can effectively improve coagulation function and lower limb oxygen saturation, thereby avoiding the occurrence of DVT-related symptoms.

Knowledge over Time of Action Codes for Perceived Objects: An Exploratory Study on Developmental Children.

Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing interest in the processing of tool objects, and in the spatial S-R correspondence effects obtained with pictures of manipulable objects. Beyond the original affordance activation account, a location coding account has been proposed for such behavioral effects, which states that the location of the visually salient portion of an object speeds up spatially aligned motor responses and slows down misaligned ones. Furthermore, an additional action coding account has been proposed, according to which it is the direction of the action of the perceived object (e.g., "pouring tea leftward" when the spout of a teapot is leftward-oriented) that biases motor performance. We investigated this action coding account of S-R correspondence effects by comparing the reaction time (RT) performance of two groups: younger (6 to 9 years old) and older (10 to 13 years old) children. We assumed that knowledge of tool objects and the activation of action codes from object perception is proportional to age. Therefore, a larger correspondence effect was hypothesized for the older relative to the younger children's group. Consistently, a 34 ms correspondence effect was observed in the older children relative to the younger ones (18 ms). The results support the view that action direction is a constitutive feature of tool objects, which is subject to experience, and thus, to increasing knowledge over time.

A randomised clinical trial to arrest caries using silver diamine fluoride therapy with two postoperative instructions

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of not rinsing for 30 min in arresting early childhood caries after SDF therapy. MethodsThis randomised clinical trial recruited 3- to 4-year-old kindergarten children with active (soft) dentine caries. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect children's demographic data and oral health-related behaviours. A dentist conducted an oral examination and measured the caries experience using dmft index and oral hygiene using visible plaque index. After 38 % SDF therapy, the children were randomly allocated into two groups. Children in group A were instructed to rinse with water immediately, whereas children in group B were asked to refrain from rinsing, drinking, or eating for 30 min. After six months, the same examiner determined the lesion activity (active/arrest) of the SDF-treated carious tooth surface. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to compare the proportion of caries arrest (caries-arrest rate) between the two groups. ResultsThis study recruited 298 children with 1,158 decayed tooth surfaces receiving SDF therapy at baseline and evaluated 275 (92 %) children with 1,069 (92 %) SDF-treated tooth-surface at the six-month examination. The demographic background, oral hygiene and caries status of two groups were comparable at baseline (p > 0.05). The caries-arrest rate for group A and group B were 65 % (337/519) and 61 % (338/550), respectively (p = 0.28). ConclusionThis randomised clinical trial found not rinsing for 30 min after SDF therapy is not better than immediate rinsing in arresting early childhood caries. Clinical significanceTopical SDF application leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth, which may affect the acceptance or even rejection of SDF therapy among young children. This study provides clinicians with information to make their decision on postoperative instruction after SDF therapy.

Immersive Virtual Reality Versus Video Distraction for the Management of Emergence Delirium in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study

PurposeEmergence delirium (ED) presents challenges for both parents and health care providers in pediatric surgical settings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction and video distraction combined with parental presence in reducing ED in preschool-aged children undergoing elective surgery. DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 90 children ages 4 to 7. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: VR distraction (group V), tablet video distraction with parental presence (group T), and standard care (group C). The primary endpoints were the incidence of ED and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale scores, with secondary measures encompassing scores from the Parental Separation Anxiety Scale and the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. MethodsParticipants were assigned to one of the three intervention groups, and relevant scales were used to assess ED, parental separation anxiety, and postoperative pain. The immersive VR distraction and video distraction with parental presence interventions were compared against standard care. FindingsImmersive VR distraction significantly reduced the incidence of ED (6.67% in group V vs 40% in group T and 60% in group C), and the incidence of ED in group V was notably lower than in the other groups (P = .023 vs group T and P = .004 vs group C). Children in group V displayed significantly lower FLACC compared with the other groups as well (P < .05). However, no significant differences between the 3 groups were observed in perioperative anxiety as assessed by the Parental Separation Anxiety Scale scores (P = .27). ConclusionsThis study underscores the potential of immersive VR distraction as an effective intervention for mitigating ED in pediatric surgical patients. The findings suggest that incorporating VR technology during the perioperative period can positively impact postoperative outcomes. Further research in diverse surgical contexts is recommended to validate these findings and explore the broader applicability of VR distraction in pediatric health care settings.

Empowering the Children through the Eyes of Humanitarian Professionals

According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children should be supported and empowered to express their opinion about their future, lifestyle, and everything related to their existence. This is especially important when kids are in foster care, because they are at a disadvantage. So, the understanding about their empowerment in the decision-making process should be part of the professional qualification, training, rehabilitation, support (as well) at horizontal and hierarchical level for humanitarian professionals. That is why focus groups were organized and held in different geographical regions in Bulgaria during 2021 – 2022, with professionals that are taking care of children with disabilities, abandoned children, gifted children and other children's groups with the aim to understand how professionals understand the process and the right of the child to participate in the decision-making process when part of the social care system.

Development and validation of the Thai version of MNREAD acuity charts.

To develop and validate MNREAD acuity charts in the Thai language (MNREAD-TH). In total, 180 Thai sentences were generated using words specific to the primary 1-3 students. Each sentence contained 60 characters divided into three lines with even left and right margins and was evaluated by instructors in the education program in Thai. The selected 118 sentences were tested in 20 adults and 20 children by measuring reading time and recording the errors. Sentences with extremely high or low mean reading speeds were excluded. The remaining sentences were selected for contributing to the MNREAD-TH charts. For validation, the charts were tested in another 20 normal-sighted adult groups. In total, 118 sentences were tested on 20 adults (range: 23-58 years) and 20 primary school students (age: 8-9 years). The mean (SD) reading speeds in adult and children's groups were 134.09 (12.45) and 71.33 (10.77) words/min (wpm), respectively. After removing the sentences that deviated by ±1 SD from the mean reading speed, repeatedly had difficulty words, and had low subjective scoring, 60 matched sentences between the groups were selected to develop three versions of the MNREAD-TH chart. The intraclass correlation coefficients between charts were 0.85 for reading acuity, 0.94 for maximum reading speed, and 0.79 for critical print size. The MNREAD-TH charts can be reliably used for evaluating reading performance in Thai people for both children and adults with either normal sight or low vision. These charts are standardized and helpful in clinical trials involving reading.

Epidemio-clinical profile of patients seen in preanesthesia consultation at the CHU-IOTA

The first descriptions of the anaesthesia consultation date back nearly 50 years in Anglo-Saxon countries. These consultations were limited to certain high-risk patients or sensitive procedures. The important element in the risk assessment is that it goes far beyond the simple pre-anesthetic visit. Anaesthesia for ophthalmological surgery is scheduled, sometimes semi-urgent, which facilitates remote anaesthesia consultation This was a retrospective and descriptive study over a year: from January 2019 to December 2019 on all patients seen in anaesthesia consultation. The variables measured were sociodemographic data and anesthetic evaluation data. During the study period, 2092 patients were consulted in anesthesia for ophthalmological surgery. The mean age was 50.27 with extremes of 1 and 104 years. The male sex predominated with 51% and a sex ratio of 1.04. In the adult series, the age group from 61 to 75 years old was the most represented with 42% in the children's group, 0 to 2 years old predominated with 34.6%. The household profession was in the majority with 36.3%; Cataract surgery was the surgical indication in 78.3% of patients. Hypertension was the most common medical history with 23.30%, followed by diabetes with 1.70%. Blood glucose, prothrombin level and activated cephalin time were performed in 94.7% of patients. This assessment was not necessary for 5.3%. Patients were classified ASA1: 60% of cases; ASA2: 30%. The anaesthesia technique proposed was peribulbar in 84.2%; general anaesthesia in 15.8% of cases. A specialized consultation in pediatrics was requested in 2% of patients, 1.30% in diabetology and 1.20% in cardiology. In many cases, the anaesthesia consultation has enabled us to suspect diabetes or hypertension in patients and to refer them for treatment. Keywords: Preanesthetic, Ophthalmology, ASA, Mali.

Behavioral Disorders in Preschool Children in Groups of Preschool Educational Institutions: Causes and Ways to Overcome Them

The article presents the results of empirical studies of children with negative behavior in a kindergarten group, studying the causes of behavior disorders and testing the effectiveness of methods for overcoming these violations. Various approaches have been used to shape socially acceptable behavior in children. The results of the study showed that a positive attitude towards others is primary in the development of social skills. Awareness of one’s emotional state and verbalization of states, motives, and motivations for actions is possible after the child has formed a full-fledged emotional experience. Empirical data on the characteristics of the formation of a socially acceptable model of child behavior, including the experience of a positive attitude towards peers, are generalized. Experience in using social-emotional learning in a preschool education program, including learning to name emotions, states of others, etc. (cognitive component of socio-emotional development), shows the need to clarify the content and methods of working with preschool children.

The affecting factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in parents of children with cancer: A cross-sectional Jordanian study.

Children with cancer have higher mortality and morbidity rates than have been reported in general children patients infected by coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, for children with cancer, COVID-19 vaccination is a priority. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in parents of children with cancer in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the third quarter of 2022 at the King Hussein Cancer Center in Amman, Jordan. The study employed a self-administered questionnaire, incorporating COVID-specific questions. Participants included parents of children aged 18 years or younger undergoing treatment or monitoring at the center. A straightforward random sampling approach was used to recruit participants. Ethical approval and institutional permission were obtained, ensuring voluntary participation with the right to withdraw. A total of 409 participants, predominantly female, were enrolled in the study. Notably, most of the enrolled parents did not intend to have their children vaccinated either for seasonal flu or for COVID-19, 76.2% and 78.7%, respectively. The bulk of the parents were encouraged to vaccinate their child by the child's pediatrician (82.9%). Parents' age and their children's age were significantly influenced their willingness to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine (p < .001), in which parents' age group 45-54 years and children's age group above 15 years old show the highest vaccination rate. Meanwhile, there was a significant association between children's vaccination with parents suffering from chronic disease (p < .001) and parents receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (p = .014). There are still some concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccine's effectiveness, safety, and whether it is essential for their child. A large proportion of parents in Jordan are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine when considering its administration to their children with cancer. This finding emphasizes the importance of communication and education to address vaccination hesitancy.

Att genomföra systematiska barnsamtal — till nytta för hållbarhet i förskolan

Research in the field of education and teaching for sustainability in preschool has highlighted the importance of communication for knowledge development in the field of sustainability. This article presents a study of the variations that appear in preschool teachers' perceptions of the importance and the experience of having carried out systematic child talks in preschool. The experience is covered by 60 written comments from preschool teachers after they, within a research and development program (R&amp;D program) in the spring of 2022, conducted systematic child talks in the children's groups where they are working. The data has been analysed based on a phenomenographic theoretical perspective. The result of the analysis shows that in the preschool teachers' perceptions of carrying out systematic talks with children, four varying perceptions emerge: Becoming aware of one's own actions; Exciting and educational to discuss with the children about sustainability; Talking with children was difficult; and, Sharing children's thoughts and experiences was the retention. In the preschool teachers' comments, it appears that some of them, through the systematic child talks, have deepened their reflection and their awareness of talking with the children about aspects of sustainability. At the same time, several difficulties are highlighted regarding the task itself and how to ask questions and maintaining children's interest during the talks. Finally, the study indicates that systematic child talks as a method and working tool are not common in preschool, as several preschool teachers point out that they do not talk to the children in this way in everyday life.