Childhood Developmental Disorders Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Budidaya Lele Sebagai Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) untuk Peningkatan Gizi Balita dalam Pencegahan Stunting Melalui Program Genting

Stunting, a developmental disorder in children caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, characterized by below-standard height, remains a critical issue for Indonesia. In Mayang Village, one of the communities supported by the University of Jember, 2.46% of the population experiences stunting. To address this issue, the PPK Ormawa Team of BEM FKG UNEJ developed a stunting prevention program utilizing catfish farming as a source of nutritionally balanced supplementary food, named GENTING (Mayang Village Movement Against Stunting). This initiative involves empowering integrated health post (posyandu) cadres through training in catfish cultivation and the processing of nutritionally balanced supplementary foods. The program outcomes include the production of supplementary food to meet the nutritional needs of toddlers in Mayang Village and the enhancement of knowledge and skills among posyandu cadres in stunting prevention

Maternal risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months

Stunting is a problem of growth and development disorders in children which is related to nutritional problems in the world. In 2022, 21.6% of children aged under five years in Indonesia were stunted. Several factors influence stunting, including environmental (social), household factors, maternal and child factors. The aim of this study was to determine maternal risk factors for stunting in children aged 24 to 59 months. This research, with a case control study design, involved 191 participants (91 stunted children and 100 non-stunting children). The results found that maternal factors associated with stunting in children aged 24-59 months included maternal height (P<0.005, OR 2.025), birth spacing (P<0.005, OR 1.912), gestational age (P<0.005, OR 2.622), history of illness during pregnancy (P<0.005, OR 2.453), and consumption of iron tablets during pregnancy (P<0.001, OR 7.600). In the multivariate analysis, consumption of iron tablets and maternal height were the factors identified as being most related to the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months.

Assessment of the Feasibility of Using Mobile Application in Stunting prevention in Toddlers: Scoping Review

Stunting is a developmental disorder in children caused by malnutrition, susceptibility to infection to disease, and low productivity indicated by a long-term lack of food intake. This scoping review aims to identify the feasibility of mobile applications in preventing stunting in toddlers, through Android-based educational media applications so that stunting in toddlers can be prevented. The structure of writing this scoping review using PRISMA with 5 stages according to Arksey and O'Malley. Article search by 2018- 2023 using several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate. Results of the 666 articles obtained There are 29 potentially relevant articles, ten of which met the inclusion criteria. Presented with three themes viz stunting in toddlers, posyandu during the covid-19 period, and use of mobile applications. The conclusion is there is a relationship significant appropriateness of mobile applications in using mobile application effort prevention stunting. Implications include easier access to nutrition and health information, increased parental awareness on parenting and nutrition, and efficiency in monitoring child growth.

Descriptions of Child Developmental Disorders Living Around Gold Mining

Living around the gold mining area, at risk of exposure to mercury (Hg). Pregnant women exposed to Hg alkyl can cause fetal brain damage so that the baby is born with d efects. This is due to the target toxicity of Hg, especially the organic metal compounds are the nervous system. Based on a child development screening questionnaire, ±100 children were questioned about their development, motor development, language and social interaction. This research was to see a picture of the development of children living around the Gold Mining village of Kalirejo, Kokap district, Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta. The Longitudinal Observational Research Method with serial measurement measured the level of child development in five domains: cognitive, linguistic, motor, social, emotional and behavioral (adaptive behavior) with the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID III) against 16 infants in the age range of 2-14 weeks (stage I) and 14-26 weeks. (tahap II). The baby's development observations resulted in an average composite development score of 85. Stage I obtained composite scores of cognitive domain; 102.81, language; 107.38, motor: 98.94, social emotional: 100,63 and behavioral: 90.00, while Stage II of each domain had the same scores as 105.94 : cognitive, 105.38: language, 104.81: motor, social-emotional: 98,69 and behavioural: 92.44. The conclusion that the composite child development score was in the average range of 90 - 109 for all domains, means that the child development composite score was still within the normal range (85-115), indicating that there is no developmental impediment. It is recommended to reduce Hg exposure, provide optimal nutrition to the baby and enhance developmental interventions with stimulation to stimulate auditorium, visual, tactile and kinesthetic, thereby improving the quantity and quality of brain cell synapses, to optimize brain function.

Implementasi Algoritma Teorema Bayes Dengan Pemodelan UML Untuk Mendiagnosis Tingkatan Gangguan Autisme Di SLB Pelita Hati

Autism, as a complex developmental disorder in children with special needs, involves delays in aspects of cognition, emotion, behavior, and social interaction. This research proposes an innovation by applying UML modeling and Bayes Theorem Algorithm to detect the level of autism disorder in Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Pelita Hati. The SLB environment, faced with limited human resources and an increasing number of students, is a major challenge. The developed expert system provides an efficient solution with quick recommendations, reduces the expert's workload, and increases the detection accuracy of autism disorders. The expert approach with Bayes' Theorem provides an accurate insight into the complexity of autism disorders. Bayes' theorem is used to calculate the probability of events based on relevant observations. The application of UML modeling in the design of the expert system proved successful, producing an effective solution to support the diagnosis and treatment of autism disorders in SLB Pelita Hati. The results showed an accuracy of 94%, signifying a heavy level of confidence, with therapy recommendations such as Physiotherapy Therapy, Speech Therapy, Remedial Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Game Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Sensory Integrity. This research makes an important contribution in addressing the challenges in autism diagnosis approaches in special education settings.

Menangani Anak dengan Gangguan Speech Delay dalam Berinteraksi Sosial di Kelompok Bermain Barokah Sukasari

The speech delay is a developmental disorder in children. Based on the results of observations of group A KOBER Barokah students, it was found that several children still experienced speech delays. The aim of this research is to find out: (1) the description of speech delay, (2) the factors that cause speech delay (3) the treatment efforts carried out by teachers and parents to improve the abilities of children who experience speech delay. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the data analysis model used is the Miles and Huberman Models. The results of the research show that children with speech delays experience less than perfect pronunciation of certain words, the child tends to only give non-verbal responses to the stimuli given. Factors that cause delayed speaking disorders experienced by children are that children do not get good models to imitate in speaking using the right words, children do not have strong motivation to speak, and opportunities for speaking are not strong enough for children. Meanwhile, the teacher's method of handling is to provide a stimulus to speak in larger portions than other friends. Children will be able to express their desires using verbal language and always collaborate with their parents so that treatment is more optimal.

Reducing Wait Times for Children's Developmental Disorders Consultations Via Simplified Primary Care Assessments

The number of children diagnosed with developmental disorders in Japan is increasing annually, primarily assessed byspecialized physicians in pediatrics, pediatric neurology, and child psychiatry. However, medical institutions for children withdevelopmental disorders often have fully booked schedules, forcing long waiting periods until initial consultations can be obtained. Onereason for this is the shortage of specialized medical institutions and specialists. Prolonged waiting periods may not only delayintervention and support but also exacerbate the child's symptoms and cause psychological distress to the caregivers. Therefore,reducing the waiting period for initial consultations from the perspective of early detection and early support is an urgent issue.However, there is insufficient research on how to shorten the waiting period. Therefore, we focused on local primary care physicians,who are familiar with shortening the waiting time for initial consultations at specialist medical institutions. This aimed to investigatewhether there was a change in the waiting time for initial consultations at specialist medical institutions when local primary carephysicians used a simplified assessment sheet supervised by pediatric specialists, and referrals were made to specialist medical institutionsafter assessment. The participants consisted of 15 individuals referred from primary care physicians to specialist medical institutions and15 who directly visited medical institutions, totaling 30 participants for evaluation. As a result, the group that made appointments andvisited specialist medical institutions directly showed significantly longer waiting periods than those assessed by primary care physiciansand referred to specialist medical institutions (p < 0.05). Assessment and treatment of developmental disorders in early childhood haveprimarily been conducted at specialized medical institutions. Still, using a simplified assessment sheet by primary care physicians suggestsa potential reduction in the waiting time for initial consultations with specialists.

Reviewing the current state of legacy POP-brominated flame retardants in plastic childcare products and toys: a scoping review protocol

BackgroundDue to their adverse environmental and health impacts, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention for global elimination of production and use. Their health impacts include endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive effects, and neurobehavioral and developmental disorders in children. Emerging literature suggests that legacy POP-BFRs are increasingly found in consumer products, including those used for and by children. The presence of legacy POP-BFRs in children’s products is a big concern. Children are more vulnerable to chemical exposure risks than adults because their bodies are still developing and fragile. The rising problem is contributed to by the global push towards a circular economy that encourages responsible production and consumption by practising the recycling of waste materials. Waste materials such as electronic and electrical equipment plastics often contain POP-BFRs. POP-BFRs in waste materials are transferred into new products through recycling. The recycled products have become a potential source of exposure to legacy POP-BFRs for vulnerable populations, particularly children. Our scoping review aims to map and summarise the emerging literature. This information is needed to inform evidence-based policies to protect children from toxic exposures.MethodsOur scoping review will follow a methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Peer-reviewed and grey literature on the topic will be retrieved from electronic databases and other relevant sites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review of studies for eligibility based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted, and findings will be mapped in a table according to study settings, types of children’s products tested, and concentration of legacy POP-BFRs in contaminated products. A map chart will be created to display how contaminated products are spread globally.DiscussionBecause of their unique vulnerabilities, children continue to suffer disproportionate exposures to toxic chemicals compared to adults. Information on potential exposures, particularly for children, is crucial to make evidence-based policies. We intend to map and summarise the emerging literature on legacy POP-BFRs in children's products. Findings will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders through publishing in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and policy briefs.Systematic review registrationThe protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7KDE5).

Implementing preventive healthcare strategies in early intervention

In recent years, efforts to promote early intervention for children with developmental delays have been made to prevent further pathological invasion in children. Early rehabilitation through early screening not only enhances treatment effectiveness but also significantly reduces the pain and damage caused by diseases to families. In the concept of preventive healthcare strategies, it can be divided into three stages and five levels: (1) Primary prevention: can be divided into two levels, health promotion, and specific protection. (2) Secondary prevention: providing early treatment through early screening. (3) Tertiary prevention: mainly aimed at restoring the maximum function of disabilities caused by diseases, only causing minimal restrictions on personal function, and can be divided into two levels, limitation of disability, and rehabilitation treatment. In this article, besides exploring the causes of early childhood developmental disorders, the author combines preventive healthcare strategies to propose the differentiated application of early intervention in the three stages of preventive healthcare. This article reviews the current situation and challenges in Taiwan, and proposes possible responses based on scholars' views and personal opinions, aiming to enhance the quality of early intervention services provided by interdisciplinary teams.

Modification of ABA VB Therapy Methods with Pomodoro to Improve Verbal Communication in Autism Children

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder in children characterized by disturbances and delays in cognitive, language, behavioral, and social interactions. Verbal Behavior approach is one of the methods of ABA which is used to increase desired behavior and reduce unwanted problems, while pomodoro is a timing technique. This article describes the implementation of an intervention program for children with autism, this program modifies ABA VB therapy and combines it with a timing technique, namely POMODORO. The author implemented the program for 4 meetings. At the first meeting until the fourth meeting there was an increase in the child's verbal ability although it was not so visible. The intervention program developed by the author had good results, because at the first meeting the results were already visible. This intervention should be done repeatedly or routinely so that children get used to it and get maximum results.

Parent-child relationship measures and pre-post treatment changes for a clinical preschool sample using DC:0-3R

BackgroundTo reduce psychopathologies in children, various treatment approaches focus on the parent-child relationship. Disruptions in the parent-child relationship are outlined in the most recently revised versions of the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0-3R/DC:0–5). The measures used to assess the parent-child relationship include the Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIRGAS) and the Relationship Problems Checklist (RPCL), which cover, e.g., essential concepts like over- or underinvolvement of the caregiver. However, not much is known about the cross-sectional and predictive value of PIRGAS and RPCL scores at admission to discharge, namely whether changes in these scores are correlated with child and maternal psychopathologies and changes through treatment.MethodsBased on clinical records of 174 preschool-aged children of the Family Day Hospital, we report related basic descriptive data and changes from admission to discharge for the parent-child relationship, child behaviour, and maternal psychopathology. We used a Pearson correlation or a point-biserial correlation to describe the associations and performed a paired t-test to examine differences before and after measurement.ResultsOur results show overall improvements in our parent-child relationship measures and in child and maternal psychopathology. However, we observed little or no correlation between the parent-child relationship measures and child or maternal psychopathology.ConclusionsWe highlight potential drawbacks and limitations of the two relationship measures used that may explain the results of this study on the associations between the variables assessed. The discussion emphasizes the assessment of DC:0-3R/DC:0–5, which are popular in clinical practice for economic reasons.

Monitoring Data Nilai Gizi Balita menggunakan Tableau Public (Studi Kasus : Posyandu Sedap Malam)

In Indonesia, there are still toddlers with poor nutritional status. Nutrition is food substances needed for the development, growth, and health of a person's body. Toddlers who experience nutritional problems will have an impact on their growth and development, be susceptible to disease, and can even result in death in children under five. Children's growth and development are monitored regularly to detect potential problems early. Utilizing a community-based health system such as Posyandu is the most important key to improving the quality of children's growth and development. Monitoring of children's growth and development in Indonesia is carried out by measuring body weight every month at Posyandu with the Healthy Way Card (KMS) as a supporting tool. Through KMS, growth and development disorders in children can be identified early and appropriate steps can be taken to correct these problems. The Berbabis Tablue Posyandu Service Analysis Information System can help monitor data and information on the nutritional status of each child. The results of this paper show that the use of Tableau in analyzing data on the nutritional status of toddlers can provide a comprehensive and in-depth picture. Interactive visualization allows users to explore data directly, identify patterns, and quickly retrieve important information. With visualization, posyandu cadres can make decisions regarding toddler nutrition programs

Exploring the Views, Perspectives, and Current Practices of Educational Speech-Language Pathologists and Psychologists in Canada: How Childhood Developmental Language Disorders Are Identified and Diagnosed.

Across Canada, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and educational psychologists (EPs) work in schools to identify and diagnose childhood learning difficulties, including language disorders; however, both professional groups use different terms to identify and diagnose them. Using the term developmental language disorder (DLD), developed by the CATALISE consortium, would provide consistency across fields. To effectively implement the use of DLD, it is crucial to understand how EPs and SLPs currently identify childhood language disorders and to investigate the potential impact of a practice change in this area. The study conducted 13 moderated focus groups and one one-on-one semistructured interview across six Canadian provinces in English and French. We found some social and structural barriers that impact SLPs' and EPs' current practice of identifying and diagnosing language disorders generally (e.g., the belief that children should not be labeled "too early," institutions that prioritize certain professional diagnoses over others, board policies that do not allocate funds for language disorders, professionals' reticence to convey difficult information such as a diagnosis to collaborators) and DLD specifically (e.g., different professional taxonomies, lack of familiarity with or uncertainty about the label, not recognized as a condition in schools that may or may not even identify language disorder as a category of exceptionality). Nevertheless, the focus groups also revealed the extent to which DLD could be useful in their current practice. Both EPs and SLPs acknowledged the importance of working together; therefore, DLD could inspire more collaborative practice between SLPs and EPs around language disorders.

Prevention of alcohol exposed pregnancies in Europe: the FAR SEAS guidelines

IntroductionDrinking during pregnancy is the leading cause of birth defects and child developmental disorders in Europe. The adverse effects of drinking during pregnancy may include physical, behavioural and cognitive problems, known collectively as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Evidence-based comprehensive recommendations at the European level on how to implement preventive and treatment policies to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies are needed. FAR SEAS, a tendered service contract (number 20,187,106) awarded by the European Commission, aimed at developing guidelines to respond to this knowledge gap.MethodsFAR SEAS recommendations were built on (1) a two-phase review of interventions, (2) an international expert consultation, and (3) a pilot study on prevention of FASD conducted in the Mazovia region of Poland. The review of interventions included nineteen electronic open access databases, several repositories of grey literature and a key informant consultation covering most European Union (EU) countries and an additional guidelines search. After triangulating sources, 94 records were collected. Experts contributed in the design of the research questions, addressing the gaps in the literature and reviewing the recommendations formulated. The Polish pilot added nuances from real world practice to the formulated recommendations, resulting in the final set of guidelines for dissemination.ResultsThe FAR SEAS Guidelines comprise 23 recommendations grouped into different topics areas of policies, communication strategies, screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment, treatment and social services. The recommendations highlight the need to respect women’s autonomy and avoid discrimination and stigmatization; using universal screening for women of childbearing age, including detection of other psychosocial risks (such as domestic violence); and individualized, comprehensive and multidisciplinary supportive interventions for those who require it, such as those with alcohol use disorders, including women’s partners. Policies to prevent FASD should be multicomponent, and public health communication should combine information about the risks together with self-efficacy messages to promote changes.ConclusionsThe FAR SEAS guidelines are a tool to support policy-makers and service managers in implementing effective programmes to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure among general and at-risk population groups. FASD prevention has to involve comprehensive and multi-level evidence-based policies and practice, with services and activities tailored to the needs of women at differing levels of risk, and with due attention to reducing stigma.

Association Between Maternal Diabetes and ChildhoodNeurodevelopmental Disorders

IntroductionThe prevalence of metabolic disorders is rising, diabetes prevalence doubled during 1990-2017. In 2020, 7.8% of US pregnancies were complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Our aim is to assess the impact this increase has on childhood developmental disorders and understand the link between maternal metabolic disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders in children with focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ADHD.ObjectivesOur aim is to assess the impact this increase has on childhood developmental disorders and understand the link between maternal metabolic disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders in children with focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ADHD.MethodsA literature search was conducted using medical subject heading (MeSH) terms in PubMed, database from Jan 1 2014 to Feb 15, 2023. Only large-scale (n>20,000) were reviewed. A total of 3 articles were included in our final qualitative synthesis review.ResultsAn increased rate of ASD and ADHD are observed in children of mothers with insulin resistance, demonstrated by Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and GDM (Kuan-Ru Chen, et al.). T2DM had the strongest association with ASA and ADHD when looking at other neurodevelopmental disorders (Chen, et al.). GDM severity correlates to increased risk of ADHD (Xiang, et al.). Maternal obesity as a risk factor for ASA and ADHD has confidence intervals in the same ranges as immune dysregulatory disorders including Asthma and Autoimmune disorders (Woolfenden, et al.).ConclusionsPathomechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders involves maternal oxidative stress and inflammation. Maternal T2DM and obesity are pro-inflammatory states that can be targeted as modifiable risk factors of ASD and ADHD in children. Preconception metabolic optimization and tight glycemic control in pregnancy are two ways clinicians can start to address the rates of rising ASD and ADHD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Когнитивное и речевое развитие детей дошкольного возраста, зачатых путем вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>The mental health of children conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is a growing concern for parents and professionals. With a maximum compliance with the conditions for using reproductive technologies, the birth of a healthy child is expected. But some children conceived through artificial insemination have developmental problems, speech and/or cognitive problems. A pilot study was conducted on the cognitive and speech development of children from 3 to 8 years old with the aim of a comparative analysis of children from induced pregnancy with children conceived naturally, to determine the possible impact of ART methods on children's health.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods.</strong> The cognitive and speech functions of 115 children aged 3 to 8 years were studied: 54 children from induced pregnancy were included in the experimental groups (EG 1 and EG 2) and 61 children from natural conception were included in the control groups (CG 1 and CG 2). The method of neuropsychological diagnostics of children of L.S. Tsvetkova and methods of speech therapy examination (assessment of the state of facial and articulatory muscles, breathing, prosodic speech, general speech development) were used. The results were processed through the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the correspondence of the child’s cognitive and speech development to normative ontogenesis.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>It has been determined that children conceived through ART have a high percentage of perinatal risk: 35% of children (n=54) conceived through ART have: mental disorders (autism, intellectual disability) and various speech disorders in 77% of cases, — which has a negative impact on the development of cognitive activity. In children conceived naturally (n=61), the percentage of disorders was lower: in 47% of cases, cognitive disorders were noted, and in 60% of children, speech disorders of mild to moderate severity were identified.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>. The hypothesis about the possible influence of the fertilization methods used, the characteristics of the procedure, the health status of the parents before conception, the course of the mother’s pregnancy and other prenatal factors on the occurrence of developmental disorders in children conceived through ART is supported. An interdisciplinary approach to organizing research will allow a comprehensive study of the developmental features of children from induced pregnancy and the timely identification of possible dysontogenetic risk factors.</p>

Мультидисциплинарный подход к диагностике, терапии и профилактике нарушений развития у детей в первые годы жизни

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives.</strong> The early detection of deviations in the child development is an important task — both in medical and psychological and pedagogical practice. As a result of the variety of specialized approaches to the development of children in the first years of life, a general idea of the health and development of a young child is often obscured by numerous private assessments. The task of developing a unified synthetic approach towards understanding and as- sessing development by specialists of different profiles seems very difficult.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>A brief comparative-historical analysis was performed of trends in the change of modern approaches to- wards the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of developmental disorders in children in the first years of life.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>Arguments are made for the predominant influence of multidisciplinarity in theoretical thinking and clinical practice. At the same time, there has been a tendency towards increased demand on the part of specialists for interdisciplinarity when constructing an overall picture of development, the state of mental health and diseases in a child. The shift in priorities when assessing the development of children by modern researchers is shown — from the levels of formation of cognitive, motor, speech or everyday skills towards the emotional and social levels. There has been a growing understanding among specialists of various profiles of the fundamental importance of relationships with close adults for the development and mental health of an infant and young child. A brief review of the articles included in the thematic issue is made, convincingly illustrating interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity in modern diagnosis, therapy, correction and the prevention of childhood developmental disorders.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The situation of the insufficient provision of Russian specialists working with children in the first years of life with psychodiagnostic tools and scientifically grounded correctional practices remains, the attention of science organizers in the field of medicine, psychology and pedagogy to this has been drawn.</p>

Диагностическая классификация нарушений психического здоровья и развития у детей от рождения до 5 лет в практической работе психологов

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Data collection requires a structure and a consistent algorithm to create a common language for the team of professionals and to support the development of support programs. Work on the approbation of the possibilities of using the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0-5) in the comprehensive assessment of the development and condition of the child and his/her immediate environment was carried out.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>Over a 12-month period, 48 families with children aged from one month to 4 years 10 months were referred to the Child and Family Mental Health Center “Opening Doors”. Expert assessment was conducted using DC:0-5 and the following methods: observation, assessment of child and close adult relationships; assessment of the emotional state and behavior of adults.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>The possibilities of using the DC:0-5 tool were demonstrated on the example of one case from the practice of the center’s specialists: a structured diagnostic report, written in a common language for the team of specialists, included a description of the assessment results in accordance with the algorithm of data collection and structuring of information: cultural aspects; conditions and factors of the child’s physical health; psychosocial and environmental stress factors; developmental competencies and the context of the child’s relationships with close adults. Biological and social risk and protective factors are identified. Risk factors on the part of the adult can be: a suppressed emotional state, difficulties in recognizing the emotional needs and signals of the child and an inappropriate response to them; on the part of the child — a restraint of activity and emotions. In the conclusion, the opinions of specialists about the possibility of clinical disorders in the child are given.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The data obtained with the use of DC:0-5 allows us to formulate the directions of the individual program of support for the child and family fully and clearly. At the next stage of work it is planned to continue the analysis, systematization and description of cases of classification application with the generalization of results.</p>

Exploring the Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Comorbid Sleep Disorders in Preschool Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological developmental disorders in children, and sleep disorders (SDs) are a common comorbidity in children with ADHD. There are currently no pharmacological treatment options for SD in children with ADHD of preschool age (4-6 years). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel, non-invasive neuromodulation technique. This study explores the effectiveness of rTMS for comorbid SDs in preschool-aged children with ADHD. Thirty-five children of preschool age with ADHD and comorbid SDs were recruited for this study. The children were divided into a parent behavior management training (PBMT) group (n = 19) and a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with parent behavior management training group (n = 16). Both groups underwent 8 weeks of treatment. The children's SD scores were assessed using the Chinese Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, were measured before the start, at the end, and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention, and were used to measure the effects. Within-group differences were compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, and between-group differences were compared using an independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Both the PBMT group and the rTMS combined with the PBMT group significantly improved the SDs of preschool-aged children with ADHD (P < .001), but the effect of the intervention was more pronounced in the rTMS combined with the PBMT group (P < .001) and lasted longer than the PBMT group (P = .004). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising non-pharmacological therapy to improve SD in preschool-aged children with ADHD.

TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN MELALUI COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (CBT): SUATU ANALISIS LANDSKAP BIBLIOMETRIK

This bibliometric study investigates the trends, scope, and impact of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) within the educational context for children and adolescents, utilizing a literature analysis of publications from 2019 to 2023. The research adopts a quantitative approach, leveraging the Scopus database for mathematical and statistical analysis of published articles, aided by Scopus Analyser and VOSviewer software. A total of 709 articles were selected, focusing on the application of CBT in social sciences, arts, humanities, and psychology. The study reveals dynamic trends in academic output, with a peak in 2021 followed by a decline, reflecting fluctuating scientific interest or funding. The primary research fields are psychology and medicine, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of CBT. Significant emphasis is placed on psychological interventions for early childhood developmental disorders, mental health in school settings, and anxiety disorders in adolescents. The analysis of prolific authors and co-citation networks offers insights into key contributors and collaboration patterns. Central terms such as "autism," "school child," "behavior therapy," and "mental health" emerge as focal points, highlighting active areas of research. The study also examines the sources of journal publications, identifying leading journals in the field. The findings affirm the effectiveness of CBT in addressing psychological and behavioral issues in the education of children and adolescents, contributing to a deeper understanding of CBT's role in special education and providing a foundation for future research, policy-making, and academic collaborations.