Dental Anxiety In Children Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF THE ANESTHETIC NITROUS OXIDE USED IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY ON THE REDUCTION OF VITAMIN B12 AND LIVER FUNCTION

The prudent utilization of (N2O/O2) can offer a secure and efficient method to manage dental anxiety in children, adolescents, and individuals with specific healthcare requirements. Application of nitrous oxide for pain and anxiety alleviation in pediatric dentistry patients. One of these optimal methods is to furnish dentists with guidance on the secure and efficient use of nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2). Analgesia and anxiety alleviation particularly designed for pediatric patients. The recommendations for the use of (N2O/ O2) focus on the objectives, overall factors to consider, situations where it is appropriate, and situations where it should be avoided, for the purpose of managing sedation/anxiety. Before using ( N2O/O2) to treat pediatric patients, several factors should be taken into account. These include the patient’s physical and emotional development, medical and dental history, and the specific dental treatment required. It is also important to consider alternative behavioral guidance options, as well as the credentials and training of the dentist and other dental personnel. The availability of appropriate equipment and facilities, as well as the implementation of management and use monitoring techniques, should also be considered. Additionally, potential harmful effects and consequences, as well as occupational safety, need to be carefully evaluated. The documentation about its utilization is being discussed. The investigation was done on two cohorts of children in public and private clinics. The findings revealed reduced liver function and vitamin B12 levels in children who were exposed to nitrous oxide, as compared to the group of healthy children.

Glass ionomer fissure sealants versus fluoride varnish application on children's behaviour: a randomised controlled trial.

Glass ionomer fissure sealant (GIS) and fluoride varnish (NaFV) are two preventive interventions applicable to pre-school children. However, their application effects on young children's behaviour are understudied. The study compared the effects of GIS and NaFV applications on dental anxiety (DA), cooperativeness and pain level in pre-school children when applied to primary second molars in outreach settings. Four hundred and thirteen children were recruited for the study, out of which 228 were allocated to NaFV group whilstand 185 allocated to the GIS group. One calibrated examiner screened and randomly allocated the children into either group. Another calibrated examiner recorded the children's DA level and cooperativeness with Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS) and Venham Behaviour Rating Scale (VBRS) throughout the treatment period. Subjects self-reported their pain levels using Wong-Baker Faces Scale (WBFS). Significant difference in postoperative anxiety was found using VBRS, with children in NaFV group having more positive scores post-treatment (p = 0.016). Only the type of preventive interventions significantly affected postoperative DA and patient cooperation (p = 0.032), whereas no other clinical findings and socio-demographic factors significantly influenced the children's behaviour postoperatively. NaFV application is associated with less DA and more cooperative behaviour in pre-school children compared to GIS application although similar pain levels were recorded.

Postoperative acute psychological complications following dental procedures under general anesthesia in uncooperative children

BackgroundTo ensure comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia(GA) is a viable option, postoperative complications must be minimized. This study investigates the incidence and determinants of acute psychological complications following comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia in uncooperative children.Materials and methodsThis study included 71 healthy children aged 5 to 10 years who exhibited uncooperative behavior during dental examinations. All participants received parental consent. Data was collected using a checklist encompassing demographic information, treatment details, physical complications, and psychological complications. The Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale faces version (MCDASf) questionnaire was administered pre-operatively and five days post-operatively.ResultsThe first day exhibited the most pronounced physical and psychological complications. While the most physical complications had diminished by the fifth day, the psychological effects remained permanent. Tooth extraction was associated with a statistically significant impact on fear of being left alone(P < 0.001), unspecified fear (P = 0.001), nyctophobia (P = 0.001), and excessive crying(P < 0.001).ConclusionPsychological complications persisted for a longer period compared to physical complications. The number of extracted teeth under GA had a significant influence on children’s fear.

Color perception and its relation to dental anxiety in children.

One of the major causes of dental anxiety in children is their first impression of the dental environment. Even minor details, such as the choice of color in a dental setting and the color of dental equipment, can positively influence a child's behavior. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the emotions in children and color combinations in a pediatric setting. The study involved 200 children (99 boys and 101 girls) aged between 6 and 12 years who visited the dental clinics at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University, for the first time between November 2017 and January 2018. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on age. The younger children group included participants aged from 6 to 9 years, while the older children group included participants aged from 10 to 12 years. Anxiety levels were recorded using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Colored pencils and images of emoticons were provided to all children, who were instructed to color the negative and positive emoticons with their preferred colors. The analysis of anxiety levels among children in both groups revealed statistically significant differences across sexes in the younger age group, with girls being more anxious than boys (p = 0.003). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the choice of colors by children of both sexes in 2 age groups (p = 0.001). Most children were inclined towards bright colors and used them to express their emotions. The incorporation of colors in a dental setting could invoke positive emotions in children. Hence, the use of colors in the workplace has the potential to ease anxiety.

Impact of Dental Treatment Simulation App on Anxiety of Pediatric Dental Patients: An Observational Study

ABSTRACT Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of a dental treatment simulation app on the anxiety levels of pediatric dental patients. Materials and Methods: Forty children, aged 4–8 years and with no prior dental experience, were randomly assigned to either the control group (group I) or the dental app group (group II). The children’s anxiety levels were measured before and after undergoing restorative dental treatment, using the Chota Bheem Chutki pictorial scale. Results: The initial anxiety levels were similar across both groups. Post treatment, the dental app group exhibited a significant reduction in anxiety compared to the control group. This suggests that the simulation app has a beneficial effect in lowering dental anxiety in children. Conclusion: The dental treatment simulation app can effectively reduce pre and postoperative anxiety in pediatric patients, potentially enhancing their overall dental experience.

Comparative evaluation of three different behavior management techniques among children aged 6-12 years in dental practice: A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Dental anxiety is characterized by distress in anticipation of dental visits, which may result in a child's refusal to undergo treatment and, ultimately, lead to parents' reluctance towards dental care. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the tell-show-do technique, modeling technique and yogic relaxation technique in the reduction of dental anxiety among children aged 6-12 years. The study was an interventional, parallel-group, single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted on 120 children who required restorative treatment without the use of local anesthesia. The participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 - tell-show-do technique; group 2 - modeling technique; group 3 - yogic relaxation technique. The dental anxiety levels were evaluated 4 times using both physiological (oxygen saturation and pulse rate) and behavioral parameters (facial image scale (FIS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (FLACC)). The data was assessed by 2 blinded and calibrated specialists. Statistically significant differences were observed in all 4 parameters among the 3 groups. During both the intraoperative and postoperative periods, the oxygen saturation levels were significantly higher in the yogic relaxation technique group. Moreover, the yogic relaxation technique group exhibited lower pulse rates, FIS and FLACC scores compared to the tell-show-do and modeling technique groups. The practice of yoga has a positive influence on the general health of the individual. Consequently, it can be considered one of the alternative behavioral modification techniques for the reduction of dental anxiety in children.

Reduction of Dental Anxiety in Children Using Virtual Reality: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

The aim of this research is examining the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) in the reduction of dental anxiety in children with novel methods. The three arm parallel-group randomised clinical study was conducted in children aged 6-10 years. Pulpotomy procedure was performed on randomised 90 selected children (n=30 in each group; AG: group applied active distraction using VR glasses, PG: group applied passive distraction, i.e., watching cartoons on a screen mounted onto a dental unit, CG: control group). Before and after the procedure, children were administered Facial Pain Scale (FIS), Children's Fear Rating Scale (CFSS-DS) and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS). The pulse rate was measured to check the anxiety levels of all treated children at five different time points. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05. VR has been found to positively contribute to the performance of children in adapting to dental treatment. The VR application aims to create positive attitude in children by providing them a safe atmosphere and becoming a useful tool in the dental profession.

Assessment of dental anxiety in children using different methods

Assessment of dental anxiety in children using different methods

Jeet Wheel Scale: A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Children.

One of the major concerns of the current era is dental anxiety in Pediatric Dentistry. Kids are very well adapted to emojis or emoticons nowadays, and they represent emotions or moods better than a cartoon picture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed anxiety rating scale. The Jeet Wheel Scale (JWS) uses emoticons and colors to assess the anxiety or mood of the child during the first visit of the child. The aim was to establish the novel anxiety rating scale and compare it with the Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). The study included 100 healthy children aged 4-8 years, and their dental anxiety was assessed using the JWS, VPT, and FIS at their first dental appointment, along with their scale preference. The mean and standard deviation of anxiety scores measured using the FIS, VPT, and JWS were 1.67 ± 0.88, 1.99 ± 1.17, and 2.79 ± 1.35, respectively. Among the scales used, a significant difference was observed. A strong correlation was observed with the Pearson correlation test. The results indicated a strong correlation (0.863) between the JWS and VPT, and a strong correlation (0.802) between the JWS and the FIS. Based on the above observations, it could be confirmed that the JWS has high validity. Children preferred the JWS over the other two established scales. The JWS was found to be more efficient for assessing dental anxiety in children. Chakraborty S, Jana S, Dey B, et al. Jeet Wheel Scale: A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):898-902.

Development of Cartoon-based Dental Anxiety Scale for Children: Validation and Reliability.

Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a common, deterring problem affecting children, which has a significant negative impact on children's oral health, leading to avoidance of dental care, poor dental hygiene, and an increased risk of dental caries and other oral health problems. The Oddbods DFA assessment is an innovative, child-friendly instrument that has been developed to assess DFA in children. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale, and to examine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and criterion and construct validity of the scale. This study has assessed the reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity of the novel Oddbods anxiety assessment scale among 4-6-year-old children. Different samples were recruited to assess different criteria. A normative study was done to assess the distribution of age of the children according to anxiety levels. For assessing the test's retest reliability statistically, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0, Cronbach's α, interclass correlation coefficient, and t-test were used. For evaluating the criterion validity, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was used in an exploratory factor analysis to determine whether the sample size was sufficient for the factor analysis. The scale had a high positive correlation with the modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDAS), which is considered a gold standard, and a higher Cronbach's α value, which proved its internal consistency. It also showed a significant difference between anxious and nonanxious children, but there were no differences in the scores with respect to age. The present scale proved to be a very effective tool for assessing DFA among young children. It is important to identify children at risk of dental anxiety. This scale helps to follow-up on children for their innate DFA, evaluate the efficacy of dental anxiety interventions, enhance communication, and improve access to dental care by encouraging children to seek dental care without fear or hesitation, promoting preventive care and better oral health outcomes. Fathima A, Ravikumar R, Chellappa LR. Development of Cartoon-based Dental Anxiety Scale for Children: Validation and Reliability. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):796-801.

Effectiveness of virtual reality glasses versus white noise on dental anxiety in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomised controlled clinical trial.

Management of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be challenging due to their disruptive behaviour. Basic behaviour management techniques (BMTs) may not be sufficient, and adjunctive strategies such as virtual reality (VR) glasses or white noise can be employed. To assess and compare the effectiveness of VR, white noise and basic BMTs on dental anxiety and behaviour of children with ADHD. Forty-eight children with ADHD were recruited for this parallel, three-armed randomised controlled clinical trial, which involved three visits at one-week intervals, including examination, preventive measures and restorations. Children were randomly divided into three groups: VR, white noise and basic BMTs. Outcome measures were Faces Image Scale (FIS), Heart Rate (HR) and Venham's Behaviour Rating Scale (VBRS). No significant difference was found between the groups in FIS scores. White noise group had a significantly lower mean HR than control group in all visits. Scores of VBRS in VR and white noise groups were significantly lower than those in the control group during the restorative visit. VR and white noise could be beneficial in managing dental anxiety and improving behaviour in children with ADHD and could be used as adjunctive strategies to basic BMTs.

The effect of Previous Dental Treatments on Dental Anxiety in Children Aged 4-12

Objective: The patient’s cooperation is crucial for the success of dental treatment. In addition to previous treatments, various factors such as socio-economic status, age, gender, and oral hygiene can influence dental anxiety. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of previous dental treatment experiences on dental anxiety. Material and Method: Children aged 4-12 years who applied for dental treatment, along with their families, participated in the study. During their children’s dental treatment, families completed a survey form containing sociodemographic data and information about previous dental treatments. Before the procedure, children were shown five pictures from the Facial Image Scale and asked to choose the picture that best represented their current emotion. The degree of cooperation during the procedure was assessed using the Frankl Behavior Scale. The interaction of patients’ dental anxiety with various factors was analyzed. ANOVA post-hoc analysis and Tukey’s test were used for multiple comparisons of normally distributed variables among continuous variation variables. Kruskal-Wallis post-hoc analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for variables that did not follow a normal distribution. Results: Dental anxiety was found to be higher in girls and younger age groups, although this difference was not statistically significant. According to the Frankl scale, children who attended routine dental check-ups and had previous dental treatment experiences had higher scores, regardless of whether the previous treatment was favorable or unfavorable. Based on the Facial Image Scale, it was observed that children with no previous dental treatment selected more positive faces, whereas children with negative dental treatment experiences selected more negative faces. Conclusion: Previous dental treatment experiences and routine check-ups significantly impact reducing dental anxiety by familiarizing the child with the clinical environment and the dentist, as well as by reducing the need for invasive dental procedures. Therefore, to eliminate the negative effects of dental anxiety, preventive dental treatments should be emphasized by bringing children to regular dental check-ups at an early age, thus minimizing the need for invasive dental treatments.

Do Parental and Children’s Dental Anxiety Affect Childhood Dental Caries?

Background: Dental anxiety is an unpleasant reaction to fear or stress related to the dental environment and can be observed in both parents and children as dental patients. Despite several studies challenging the significance of parental anxiety in influencing a child's response to dental treatment, conflicting results have emerged regarding the impact of both parental and children's anxiety on the development of dental caries. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between parental and children's dental anxiety and the occurrence of dental caries in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 7 - 12-year-old students and their parents in schools of Rasht, Iran, utilized the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) for parents and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) questionnaire for children. Participants were chosen through a multistage sampling process. A trained dentist assessed children's dental caries using the DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) Index. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and linear regression. Results: The study included 275 parents and an equal number of children, with a mean child age of 9.32 ± 1.85 years. The findings indicated a significant relationship between maternal dental anxiety and DMFT + dmft scores in boys (P = 0.049). The study revealed that the number of teeth with caries experience (P = 0.023), child's sex (P = 0.007), history of dental clinic visits (P = 0.045), and maternal dental anxiety (P = 0.043) significantly influenced the child's dental anxiety. Conclusions: Children with anxious parents showed lower DMFT/dmft values, suggesting increased attention to their dental health. The study highlights the impact of parental dental anxiety on children's oral well-being and emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies to address dental anxiety in both parents and children.

Evaluation of the use of Music as a Distraction Technique on Dental Anxiety of Children – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The delivery of dental treatment might be negatively impacted by a child’s unwillingness to cooperate. Judging a behavior-guiding strategy that successfully lowers fear and anxiety during dental treatment, results in a change in the child’s attitude toward the treatment, and is also accepted by the parents is necessary given the variety of behavior management strategies that are available. While conventional techniques of behavior modification have been effective, parents’ and dental professionals’ attitudes regarding them are evolving. New nonaversive approaches that are acceptable to parents are thus required. One such approach that may find favor with parents and dental professionals is music therapy. Methods: Pertinent medical databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from January 1, 2001, to April 20, 2023, for randomized controlled trials and clinical studies that used music and no music (control) in children undergoing dental treatment. Primary outcomes included a decrease in pulse rate as measured through pulse oximeter in children undergoing dental treatment. Results: Through search strategy and screening through titles and abstracts, four randomized clinical trials (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE] high certainty) and eight nonrandomized studies (GRADE high certainty) were included and the pooled results bared that the music pulse rate was significantly reduced in children who were made to listen to the music than those who did not listen to music during dental treatment. Conclusion: It was established that music distraction was a better behavior management technique as compared to no music group and instrumental music was better when compared to the nursery rhyme for anxiety reduction in children.

Evaluation of dental behavior, anxiety, fear, and its correlation with trait emotional intelligence in 8-12-year-old children: Exploring a new frontier in behavior modification.

Children's fear and distress in dental settings often lead to anxiety and behavior issues. This study delves into why some children experience dental anxiety, whereas others do not, attributing differences to child-rearing and personality traits. Emotional intelligence (EQ), the ability to comprehend, generate, and manage emotions, is explored as a factor influencing a child's dental experience. This novel intelligence theory accommodates the intricacies of human-environment interactions. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between EQ and a child's dental anxiety, fear, and behavior in children aged 8-12 years. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Short Form, specifically developed for children aged between 8 and 12 years, was used among 100 participants reporting to the department outpatient department. The Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale, Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale were used to evaluate behavior, anxiety, and fear, respectively. Results show a positive correlation between EQ and dental behavior (P = 0.002) whereas a negative correlation between EQ and dental anxiety and fear (P < 0.001). This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence, dental behavior, anxiety, and fear among children. By recognizing the impact of EQ, dental practitioners could adopt personalized strategies to alleviate anxiety and enhance cooperation, improving overall dental experiences for young patients.

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Parenting Style with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 6 - 15 Years

Introduction: The child's relationship with the dentist is the product of complex interactions between the patient, parents, and the dentist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence and parenting style on the child's dental anxiety and fear. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients aged 6 to 15 years with their parents who referred to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd were selected through simple method. The MCDAS and CFSS-DS questionnaires were used to measure anxiety and fear, respectively, and the level of emotional intelligence and parenting style were measured by the Shering and Baumrind questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed via SPSS16, and T_Test, ANOVA were utilized. Results: Out of 120 participants, 39 were boys and 81 were girls. The mean age range of the children was 9.31 ± 2.46 years and parents' mean age was 37.60 ± 4.82. There was no significant relationship between parenting style and child's dental fear and anxiety (P=0.492 and P=0.769, respectively) and between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental anxiety (P=0.053), but there was an inverse and significant relationship between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental fear (r=0.274 and P=0.003). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the parenting style has no significant relationship with child's dental fear and anxiety and also the parent's emotional intelligence with the child's dental anxiety, but the parent's emotional intelligence has an inverse and significant relationship with the child's dental fear.

Retrospective Study Regarding the Correlation between Dental Anxiety and Color Preferences in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries.

Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is recognized as a significant chronic disease which affects the quality of life starting at very young ages and has a very rapid evolution towards pulp complication and loss of dental tissue. Children with a high caries index DMFT are more likely to develop high levels of dental anxiety, which will influence the degree of cooperation during dental procedures. Emotions play an important role in the psychosomatic development of children, and all the factors that contribute to the modeling of these emotional states must be known and taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental anxiety in children with S-ECC and the color preferences for the components of the dental environment to reduce the levels of dental anxiety during medical visits. For this study, 91 children between 3 and 6 years of age diagnosed with S-ECC were selected from the Pediatric Dentistry Department of UMFST from Targu Mures and from a private dental office. The level of dental anxiety was determined by measuring the pulse rate, and a questionnaire was completed to establish the color preferences for the dental office environment and the dentist's attire. For this purpose, six different colors and their variants with three shades less intensity were chosen by using RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) identification codes for each color. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the age of the subjects and dental anxiety levels, but there was no significant correlation between the DMFT score and dental anxiety. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys when choosing the colors preferred by them for the dental office, but when comparing the colors that represented happiness, significant statistical difference was found between the girls' and boys' groups (p = 0.0039). For all the subjects, the colors associated with happiness were light yellow and pink, while the colors associated with anxiety were red and dark blue. The data obtained showed that dental anxiety is strongly influenced by age, and an important role in inducing positive emotions is played by the dental environment if dressed in specific colors in order to reduce dental anxiety and create familiar conditions, especially for young children with S-ECC.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Incidence and Predictors of Self-Reported Dental Anxiety among Nigerian Public Primary Schoolchildren

Abstract Objective The presence of dental anxiety in Nigerian public primary schools may be one of the main obstacles preventing schoolchildren from effectively utilizing dental care services. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the incidence and factors associated with self-reported dental anxiety among Nigerian public primary school children. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, observational design was employed to examine 434 primary schoolchildren (aged 6–9 years) from selected schools in Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria. Data collection was conducted using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, which includes 5-point Likert responses, five questions, and demonstrates good internal consistency. Results The findings indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of dental anxiety between male and female schoolchildren (p = 0.374). In total, 1.9, 8.7, 10.1, 36.4, and 42.9% of the schoolchildren reported experiencing no dental anxiety, mild, moderate, extreme, and severe levels of dental anxiety, respectively. Furthermore, the results reveal that 2.1% of the variance in children's dental anxiety scores could be accounted for by factors such as gender, age, socioeconomic status, and parental education. However, the influence of gender (B = 0.183; p = 0.060; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.008 to 0.374), age (B = –0.128; p = 0.187; 95% CI: –0.318 to 0.062), socioeconomic status (B = –0.067; p = 0.124; 95% CI: –0.152 to 0.018), and parental education (B = –0.045; p = 0.420; 95% CI: –0.154 to 0.064) on schoolchildren's dental anxiety was not significant.Male and female schoolchildren did not have significantly different dental anxiety levels. Gender, age, socioeconomic status, or parent education level did not significantly predict the dental anxiety among schoolchildren. Conclusion School-based interventions need to be targeted to reduce dental anxiety among male and female primary schoolchildren in the study area. Clinicians should consider providing interventions to manage dental anxiety in children with moderate to severe levels of anxiety.

Do Parents Dental Neglect and Anxiety Affect Their Children s Dental Neglect and Anxiety

Aim: Dental neglect is an obstacle to obtaining the necessary dental care in protecting and maintaining basic oral health. Dental anxiety can cause difficulties in behavior management, maintenance of dental treatments, and poor oral hygiene. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between dental neglect and anxiety levels of both parents and their children. Material and Methods: 220 people including 110 parents and 110 children were included in the study. The Dental Neglect Scale (DNS), Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used for parents. In addition, the Dental Neglect Scale (DNS), the Faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDASf), and the Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) were applied to children. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman Correlation test and Mann Whitney-U test. Results: In the study, a positive correlation was found between parent’s and children's neglect scores (r=0.261; p=0.006). Likewise, a positive correlation was observed between the DMFT and anxiety scores of the children (r=0.237; p= 0.013). In addition, it was observed that there was a statistical correlation between the level of pain felt at the last dental treatment and anxiety in children (r=0.316; p=0.001). Conclusion: It was observed that the dental neglect of the children of parents who neglected their own oral health increased. It is thought that informing parents about the importance of oral health and the consequences of dental neglect will have positive effects on their children's oral health.

A Comparative Study of Parent and Child Perspectives on Using the Intranasal Mucosal Atomization Device for Behavior Management in Pediatric Dental Sedation.

Background Dental anxiety in children often necessitates sedation for effective treatment. Different methods of sedation have proved to be beneficial. However, intranasalsedation provides a needleless, rapid drug delivery method that bypasses hepatic metabolism. Intranasal sedative drugs can be delivered using a mucosal atomization device (MAD). This study aimed to find the opinions, beliefs, and existing knowledge of parents and children regarding intranasal sedation and the method of drug delivery through MAD. Materials and methods The study comprised 50 parents, aged 20 to 50, who came in with a single child, aged five to nineyears. In separate rooms, parents and kids were each shown a video about the use of the intranasal sedation technique with MAD as a pharmaceutical help during routine dental procedures. After the video presentation, each participant was required to complete a pretested self-made questionnaire with 21 questions and multiple-choice options. The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the completed questionnaires (P < 0.05). Paired t-test was used for behavior assessment of the children before and after intranasal sedation. Results A significant correlation between parental socioeconomic status and acceptance of intranasal sedation was observed. Parents with higher education levels exhibited a greater level of acceptance (P = 0.000). Parents whose children had prior dental experiences were more likely to view intranasal sedation as a safe option (P = 0.038). Additionally, a significant proportion of previously sedated children expressed willingness to undergo treatment using intranasal sedation. Evaluation of children's behavior before and after treatment revealed a notable improvement, indicating the effectiveness of intranasal sedation (P = 0.000). Conclusion The study thoroughly investigated how parents and children view intranasal sedation via MAD. It revealed a positive perception of safety and trust among parents regarding this method for pediatric dental procedures.