Children Of Military Personnel Research Articles

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В ОТНОШЕНИИ СЕМЕЙ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ)

The article considers the directions of social work with military families during the great Patriotic war. Archived sources and ego-documents introduced into scientific circulation allow us to analyze this problem from different sides. It is noted that assistance to this category of population was provided in several ways. First of all, this is state support and patronage, which allowed us to provide targeted assistance in the form of food and manufactured goods parcels, housing benefits, placement of children in kindergartens and schools, and preferential employment rights. Along with the state, the families of combatants were supported by public organizations, trade unions, etc. The Timur movement has also become a form of social assistance for this category of population. In regional historiography, little attention is paid to the problem of adaptation of war invalids in the conditions of the rear region, which also turned out to be another poorly protected layer of Soviet society. State assistance consisted not only in awarding disability pensions, but also in organizing retraining with further employment, and solving the housing problem. For the first time, the article raises the issue of providing assistance to children of military personnel, including orphans. The scope of the measures that the state has provided to support children is analyzed. Of great scientific interest is the analysis of ego documents-complaints, statements, letters, which give an idea of the problems faced by military families in everyday life. It is concluded that paternalistic social policy was closely intertwined with public assistance from voluntary organizations, youth unions and ordinary citizens of the Republic.

Factors Associated with Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis in Children of Peruvian Military Personnel

Introduction:The risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) are well known. However, they have still not been evaluated in children of military personnel, which are a special population.Objective:To determine factors associated with EOS in children of Peruvian military personnel in a hospital.Materials and Methods:This is an observational, analytical, and retrospective study that included neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit of the Hospital Militar Central, Peru between 2009 and 2017. Data were compiled from clinical history and hospital stay records. Sepsis cases were cross-checked against other variables of interest via generalized linear models.Results:Out of a total of 2,371 included neonates, 114 neonates were diagnosed with EOS. There was an increased frequency of neonatal sepsis with longer neonatal hospital stay (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.28; p<0.001), greater gestational age (aPR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05; p =0.003), and development of urinary tract infection in pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (aPR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.39–3.73; p=0.003). In contrast, there was a lower incidence of neonatal sepsis in female neonates (aPR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42–0.99; p=0.044).Conclusions:The associated factors with EOS in children of Peruvian military personnel were sex, longer neonatal hospital stay, gestational age and development of urinary tract infection in pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy. The aforementioned information is significant in describing this neonate population.

Evaluation of disparity in care for perforated appendicitis in a universal healthcare system.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities have been reported in the management of appendicitis. Perforated appendicitis (PA) is used as an index for barriers to care due to delays in treatment. This study evaluates the effect of racial and socioeconomic differences on the likelihood of PA in a universally insured national healthcare system. A retrospective review of pediatric patients enrolled in TRICARE who underwent appendectomy during a 5-year period was performed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between ethnicity, age, gender, parent, or guardian marital status and deployment status of the active duty parent, type of facility, and type of admission with the odds of perforated appendicitis. A total of 3124 children met inclusion criteria. One-third of children carried the diagnosis of PA. Increased odds of PA was associated with younger age of patient among children of military personnel with enlisted ranks and senior officer ranks. In a universal healthcare system, no disparities across race with regard to presentation of appendicitis were identified. Increased odds of perforated appendicitis were observed in younger patients, but this was demonstrated in families of both high and low socioeconomic status. Universal coverage does appear to eliminate some barriers to healthcare.

GIs in Germany: The Social, Economic, Cultural, and Political History of the American Military Presence Ed. by Thomas W. Maulucci, Jr. and Detlef Junker (review)

Reviewed by: GIs in Germany: The Social, Economic, Cultural, and Political History of the American Military Presence Ed. by Thomas W. Maulucci, Jr. and Detlef Junker Kristen Dolan GIs in Germany: The Social, Economic, Cultural, and Political History of the American Military Presence. Edited by Thomas W. Maulucci, Jr. and Detlef Junker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 365. Cloth $99.00. ISBN 978-0521851336. Scholars examining the American advance into Germany during the latter stages of World War II frequently mention the non-fraternization order through which military leaders sought to prohibit US troops from close contact with local residents. After years of bitter conflict, the fact that authorities issued this order is in many ways less telling than the decision to rescind it in the fall of 1945. Thomas W. Maulucci and Detlef Junker’s thought-provoking and very readable volume describes this revocation as one step toward a broader range of formal and informal interactions between Americans and Germans in the wake of the war. As Maulucci emphasizes in his introduction, the resulting encounters were shaped by both policy from above and initiatives from below. Profoundly influenced by Cold War considerations as well as local circumstances, the overarching tenor of these interactions changed over time. The book explores developments related to the US military presence in Germany not only from multiple perspectives but also over the course of several crucial postwar decades. Indeed, because the volume moves beyond the more heavily scrutinized periods of Military Government and High Commission for Occupied Germany, it is able to “deal with an American military that is no longer an occupier per se but instead one element in a complex relationship between two sovereign states” (2–4). Taken together, the fifteen well-researched essays succeed remarkably in illuminating much of the complexity to which Maulucci refers. The contributions begin by probing key aspects of the broader framework within which these German-American relations developed. Bruno Thoß, for example, deftly locates West German deliberations regarding the Bundeswehr within rearmament debates in the early Federal Republic, NATO disagreements about defense strategy, and the overarching concern that Washington would redeploy a sizeable portion of American forces. Hubert Zimmermann offers an astute take on how political and economic factors played into the decisions by successive US administrations to maintain troop strength in Europe despite strong domestic pressure for reductions. The essays then explore the many implications following from the US decision to bring the spouses and children of service members to Germany. Thomas Leuerer perceptively notes that, while largely intended to curb troop behavior, American families’ presence fundamentally transformed the character of the occupation. Military communities helped stabilize the new Federal Republic by symbolizing the degree of “U.S. commitment to the common defense of the West” (133). Yet as he also explains, the resulting housing areas, or “Little Americas,” periodically generated substantial concern for nearby communities—such [End Page 218] as in 1972 when “a large group of American teenagers, the children of military personnel, fought a street battle with local police in Wiesbaden” (132). In one of several essays investigating frictions that derived from the American military presence in Germany, Gerhard Fürmetz charts “the public order crisis caused by GIs” until the late 1950s (196). Constraints placed on the German police by the Allies, he argues, not only prevented them from addressing GI delinquency but also impeded “their efforts to regain authority in a shattered postwar society” (211). Jennifer V. Evans draws on courts-martial cases in Berlin from 1945 to 1948, in particular those involving allegations of violence between American soldiers and German women, to illustrate the extent to which “the American military government found itself having to deal with its own forces in its struggle to contain the disorder that followed Germany’s political and social collapse” (232). Focusing on the 1970s, Alexander Vazansky notes that “much of the attention given to the social problems in the army by the government and the national press” moved to Germany from Vietnam (273). While the racial tensions and drug-abuse problems described meticulously by Vazansky persisted at the end of the decade, he cites the example of General Michael S...

Civilian Clinicians Gain Competence in Military Culture via Online Course

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Community NewsFull AccessCivilian Clinicians Gain Competence in Military Culture via Online CourseAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:20 Nov 2014https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2014.11b22AbstractCultural competency is as important in understanding military service members as it is for any population group.Engagement improves treatment. Now, a new online course seeks to educate civilian clinicians about military culture to help them better connect with military service members and veterans.The free, four-module course was jointly developed by the departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense and is available at the latter’s Center for Deployment Psychology website. The course was announced as part of President Obama’s executive actions in late August (Psychiatric News, September 19).Even simple miscommunication can disrupt or destroy attempts at a therapeutic relationship, say veterans. “Service members, veterans, and their families cite lack of respect and understanding of their experiences as a major reason for not seeking mental health treatment or for leaving therapy,” noted the course developers. “The ability to understand and appreciate the military culture and to tailor clinical practices based on that understanding and appreciation is imperative for clinicians working with service members.”To overcome that hurdle, the course, called “Military Culture: Core Competencies for Healthcare Professionals,” asks clinicians first to evaluate their own beliefs and understandings of military culture. It then offers information on military ethos, organization, and roles; identifies the stressors unique to military experience and their effects on the patient’s health; and offers resources and tools for culturally competent assessment and clinical treatment.The course’s four modules can be taken individually, or the full program can be completed in a single day. The modules include video clips of service members and veterans talking about their experiences, along with assessment and treatment-planning tools.The course also includes detailed, printable reference materials on everything from military insignias and basic training to information on the children of military personnel and treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.Continuing education credits are available with the course. ■The “Military Culture: Core Competencies for Healthcare Professionals” course can be accessed here. ISSUES NewArchived

Conn. Community Will Need Ongoing MH Vigilance, Say Experts

Conn. Community Will Need Ongoing MH Vigilance, Say Experts

The Need for Child Mental Health Services Within a Department of Defense Setting

In 2007, the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Military Deployment Services for Youth, Families and Service Members identified the need for further research to determine how to serve the psychological needs of military members’ families. While that document covers many important areas, this brief paper is intended to specifically focus on the needs for children of military members and provide some data or justification to support the allocation of resources for additional training, services and child psychology research efforts. Multiple deployments to warzones over the past decade have strained service members and their families (Hoge, Terhakopian, Castro, Messer, & Engel, 2007; Hoge et al., 2004; Hoge et al., 2008; James, 2008). While much research has been and continues to be conducted to evaluate the direct effects on service members themselves, little empirical randomized research exists to evaluate the effects of deployments on service members’ children. However, a group of researchers from the Rand Corporation (Chandra et al., 2010) did conduct a well designed phone survey with boys and girls (ages 11–17) and a sample of 1,500. The findings of Chandra et al. suggested that children of deployed service members experienced significantly greater ‘‘challenges’’ during and post deployment, including more ‘‘school, family and peer related difficulties with parental deployment.’’ Chandra et al., also found that ‘‘length of parental deployment and poorer non-deployed caregiver mental health were significantly associated with a greater number of challenges for children both during deployment and deployed-parent reintegration (p. 16).’’ Despite the presence of numerous helpful resources for addressing the concerns of parents and children regarding military deployments, there appears to be a lack of empirically supported therapies to help children who need services that are specifically a result of a parent’s military deployment or service. A growing number of individuals are studying how deployment affects the children of military personnel, yet the gap in proven therapies still exists.

The Mozambique Channel

[End Page 12] My childhood was spent in a garden. This garden was in Egypt, a few miles outside Cairo, but its furnishings were English—ponds and pergolas and rose beds. There were majestic eucalyptus trees, with which I communed—children are natural animists. Beyond the garden were fields of sugarcane, mud villages, palm trees, donkeys, and camels—the familiar trappings of my world. I had been born in Egypt and knew nowhere else; England was a vague memory of a cold, damp place visited when I was very young. And on the outer rim of this known landscape was the desert, to which we went for picnics, though not just now because it was out of bounds. It was full of soldiers, and battles were being fought there. I accepted this distant unrest as a normal procedure, and in any case it was nothing to do with me, busy with my fantasy life [End Page 13] beneath the eucalyptus trees. Except that it was, of course. In the spring of 1941 the German advance across Libya brought Rommel's army to Sollum, on the western edge of Egypt. The British garrison at Tobruk was encircled. A British offensive at the end of the year had Rommel in retreat, but in June 1942 his Panzer divisions came surging on again. Tobruk was taken. The Eighth Army fell back, and the Germans entered Egypt. They halted at El Alamein, a mere seventy miles from Alexandria. Everything pointed to a German assault on Cairo. An aerial invasion was anticipated, along with widespread bombing of the city. These were the days of "the Flap," when the burning of the files at the British Embassy and GHQ sent charred paper raining down onto the streets, the banks were besieged, and the railway station was packed with those seeking flight. The wives and children of military personnel had been evacuated the previous year, but British residents had stayed put, for the most [End Page 14] part. Now, there was a serious exodus. Family parties headed in different directions—the civilian expatriate families whose men worked for Shell and the other oil companies, the appendages of the engineers, the bureaucrats, the government administrators, the Embassy and Consulate staff, the bankers like my father, who worked for the National Bank of Egypt. Many went to Palestine, as it then was; others to Kenya, Tanganyika, Aden. And those who could get a passage boarded ships bound for South Africa. Cape Town was said to be delightful. She stood on the promenade deck, up against the rails, looking down at the water and quayside, keeping a careful hold on Jean. The rails had streaks of orange rust and she didn't want Jean's frock stained, clean on today, so she wouldn't let her hang over the top like some of the children were doing. There were native boys lined up on the quayside who would dive for piastres—they gesticulated and pointed and someone on the ship would throw a ten-piastre piece up in the air, and down it would go, flicking the water, and the boy would already have flung himself after it and time and again they'd surface, clutching the money. There were people still coming on board. She could see the Stannards making their way up the gangplank, with that Irish nanny holding the baby, who was yelling his head off, and Mrs. Stannard shouting at the porters. One of them had just dropped a hatbox. Thank goodness for having got on board early; she had already unpacked their things and Mrs. Leech was off at the Purser's office trying to get them changed from second sitting to first for lunch. Suez. She'd never been to Suez before. Port Said, lots of times. Ismailia. Qantara. Never Suez. [End Page 15] She was Shirley Manners, of Pinner, but no one called her Shirley now. She was Nanny. Or she was Film Star; that was what the other nannies called her because she was...

School Transitions among Adolescent Children of Military Personnel: A Strengths Perspective

School Transitions among Adolescent Children of Military Personnel: A Strengths Perspective