Children's Maintenance Research Articles

Pemenuhan Nafkah Iddah dalam Perundangan Islam: Hak Perempuan Pasca Perceraian

This study reveals several important aspects related to iddah maintenance for women in Mojopuro Wetan Village. First of all, it is seen that the understanding and practice of iddah maintenance are influenced by strong cultural factors in the community. Patriarchal culture and existing social norms often limit women's access to their iddah maintenance, both in terms of economy and decision-making.In addition, the role of religion in the concept of iddah maintenance is also very important. However, the fact that occurs in society is that ex-husbands do not provide maintenance for their children and ex-wives.In addition, economic and educational factors also play a major role in the understanding and implementation of iddah maintenance. Even though they are educated and have demanded their children's maintenance rights but are not given, they finally decide to work to meet the needs of their children

Preschool children's high‐frequency heart rate variability during low and high emotional challenge in relation to their self‐regulation

AbstractHigh‐frequency heart rate variability (hf‐HRV) theoretically provides a biomarker for self‐regulation, although studies with young children offer mixed findings regarding the relevance of emotional demands in this link. We aimed to describe variation in children's hf‐HRV during tasks with relatively high and low emotional load and to determine the relation of hf‐HRV during these tasks to different behavioural measures of children's self‐regulation. Electrocardiograms were recorded in 80 3–5‐year‐olds (M = 57 months; 54% male, 47% female; 87% White, 8% mixed/other race, 2% African American/Black, 1% were Asian and 1% Hispanic/Latinx) whilst they completed a Go/No‐go task with low emotional load and an emotionally challenging Delay Frustration task. Mean hf‐HRV was similar across these tasks, although it increased during a between‐task rest interval. Accounting for age, gender and caregiver education, hf‐HRV during the Go/No‐go task correlated with task performance, whereas hf‐HRV during the emotional task correlated with caregiver‐reported regulation (Psuedo R2 = 03–0.05). Greater hf‐HRV withdrawal during the tasks correlated with weaker Go/No performance and increased behavioural frustration (Psuedo R2 = 0.08–0.13). Children's maintenance of hf‐HRV during emotional and cognitive challenges may support their effective self‐regulation.

The Reconstruction of Religious Court Decision Execution on the Fulfilment of Children’s Rights Post-Divorce in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the reconstruction of Religious Court decision execution on the fulfilment of children’s rights post-divorce in Indonesia. Theoretical Framework: This research is based on the postulate that court decisions ideally aimed to guarantee justice and legal certainty for the parties, but in reality, not all judge’s decisions can be implemented as well. This can be seen in the implementation of religious court decisions in Indonesia regarding children's maintenance rights post-divorce. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a juridical-normative method. The sources and techniques of data collection were obtained from documentation studies, literature, and interviews with informants. The data analysis technique uses a deductive approach to formulate a conclusion. Findings: The results of this research show that on the one hand, the regulation of the father's obligations towards child support post-divorce in the judge's decision at the Religious Courts refers more to the positive laws that implemented in Indonesia. On the other hand, positive law in Indonesia has not yet effective in regulating the execution of judges' decisions regarding the children's rights post-divorce because it is only voluntary and lacks coercive power. Research, Practical & Social Implications: As the implication of the research, family law in Indonesia needs to be reconstructed through conducting special regulations regarding the execution mechanism regarding the fulfillment of children's rights post-divorce to be more regulatory, binding, and coercive. Originality/Value: The value of the research originality became an explanatory method for the conceptual development of the reconstruction of Religious Court decision execution on the fulfilment of children’s rights post-divorce in Indonesia.

Does the treatment of arrear maintenance claims of children under the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 constitute a violation of their constitutionally protected rights to social welfare and human dignity? An exposition

The time and space for the reformation of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 has presented itself through the introduction of a constitutional order in 1996. However, the legislature has thus far proven to fail in its responsibility to align consumer insolvency legislation with the values and rights that are contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The Constitution appreciates the vulnerability of children and thus affords special protection to the rights of children, including their rights to social welfare. It further guarantees children that their best interest reign supreme in every matter concerning them. The Constitution also guarantees children the right to human dignity, which right is also a value underlying South African constitutional jurisprudence. These constitutionally guaranteed rights of children to social welfare and human dignity do not enjoy protection under South African consumer insolvency law, particularly in the treatment of arrear maintenance claims of children against the estate of an insolvent debtor. Children's maintenance arrear claims do not enjoy any preference as they are treated as concurrent claims. This also burdens them with the liability to contribute towards the costs of sequestration if they have successfully proven claims and where there are insufficient funds in the free residue account. Children's maintenance arrear debts are not exempt from the discharge of pre-sequestration debt under South African consumer insolvency jurisprudence. The overall approach to the treatment of children's arrear maintenance claims compromises the rights of children to social welfare and human dignity as guaranteed in the Constitution.

Keharusan Ikrar Talak di Depan Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī’ah Ibnu ‘Āsyūr

This study aims to elaborate on the provisions of divorce in classical fiqh which are considered valid simultaneously when pronounced by the husband, while in positive law they are only considered valid when pronounced by the husband before the court. Both of them gave rise to a "dilemmatic" law among Indonesian Muslims, so that maqāṣid syarī'ah was present as a "peacemaker" through the perspective of Ibnu 'Āsyūr. This type of research is library research with content analysis, philosophical-hermeneutic and maqāṣid syarī'ah approaches. The data collection technique is in the form of documentation through inventory, classification and evaluation of data. The findings of this study indicate that there are aspects of maṣlaḥaḥ of having to pledge divorce before the Panel of Judges of the Religious Courts: equality before the law and legal certainty (status and wife's maintenance, joint assets, hadlanah rights and guarantee for children's maintenance). Ibn 'Āsyūr with his four pillars al-Fiṭrah, as-Samāhah, al-Musāwah and al-Hurriyah as the main foundations in his maqāṣid syarī'ah building requires the presence of divorce witnesses in interpreting QS. aṭ-Ṭalāq (65) verse (2) via ẓāhir naṣ. This interpretation has relevance to the obligation to pledge divorce before the court; before the Panel of Judges of the Religious Courts as a provision of positive law in Indonesia to make it difficult for divorce to occur as a form of maqāshid syarī'ah, although he did not directly mention that the divorce pledge must be presented before the court.

Legal Protection Principle of the Fulfillment of Children's Maintenance Rights After Divorce

Legal problem of children's maintenance rights was caused by the absence of legal effort towards the party who didn't perform the decision of children's alimony in the Religious Court Law. In the absence of coercive measures to carry out the decision, it could be said as the vague norms or obscure norms or vage normen. This article discussed the legal problems related to the urgency of legal protection to the fulfillment of children's maintenance rights after divorce and the formulation of the fulfillment of children's maintenance rights after divorce. This study is a legal normative research using statute approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, and philosophical approach. The result showed that parents who ignored children's maintenance rights could be categorized to violate the law and should be held accountable for fulfilling children's rights as legal rights to obtain maintenance rights. In order to implement the fulfillment of children's support in Indonesia, KPAI (Indonesian Children Protection Commission) should be given active and coercive authorities and responsibilities for children's maintenance rights so it can be in accordance with the principle of Convention on the Rights of Child that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing and development of the child. Keywords: Legal Protection, Children's Maintenance Rights, Rights of Child, Development of the child DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/127-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2022

Pembinaan Kesadaran Hukum bagi Anak dan Remaja

The Act No. 23 of 2003 on Children Protection obligates the state and government to ensure children protection, maintenance, and welfare. A child who obtains criminal sentence has been protected by the government based on the Act No. 12 of 1995 on Children Immurement. The Act pays attention to their interests in order to not eliminate the child's future. The children criminal sanction is given as a process of building children awareness to understand the better future. A form of the government protection to children is legislation on children welfare, juvenile justice, human rights, children immurement, and children protection. The children and adolescents committing the criminal acts are very serious issues to immediately overcome by the concerned parties i.e. the parents, police, and teachers that have many direct contact with children and adolescents. The police are expected to take action against any perpetrators of crimes, including those committed by children and adolescents. Meanwhile, the parents and the teachers are expected to give serious guidance in order that they are able to be the pride of, not the ‘dregs of society’.

Особливості правового регулювання утримання дітей за законодавством країн ЄС

Мета: полягає в комплексному аналізі обов’язку батьків утримувати дітей та його ролі в науці і практиці, вироблення пропозицій по вдосконаленню чинного законодавства України в сфері утримання дітей на основі досвіду країн ЄС. Методи: Методологічну основу дослідження складає система філосовсько-світоглядних, загальнонаукових та спеціально наукових методів та підходів, що забезпечили об’єктивний аналіз досліджуваного предмету.Результати: Враховуючи актуальність впровадження різних форм державної допомоги, за прикладом зарубіжних країн (Великобританія, Литва, Польща) пропонується створити в Україні спеціалізовану установу, уповноважену на розрахування аліментів, розшук боржників, стягнення аліментів та застосування відповідного впливу до боржників. Враховуючи позитивний досвід низки економічно розвинених країн ЄС, пропонується передбачити в СК Українидиференціювання розміру аліментів, що підлягають стягненню в твердій грошовій сумі : від дні народження дитини до 6-ти років, від 6-ти до 12-ти років, від 12-ти до 18-ти (до повноліття або до закінчення навчання). Пропонується передбачити окремий пункт в переліку доходів, що враховуються при визначенні розміру аліментів про врахування прибутку боржника від передачі в оренду нерухомого майна. Обговорення: Стаття присвячена особливостям батьківського утримання в країнах ЄС, що не притаманні для України. Автор проаналізував особливості роботи Гарантійного фонду коштів на утримання дітей в Латвії, дослідив механізм Державної системи забезпечення в Великобританії та Німеччині. Також, досліджено та проаналізовано законодавство держав-членів Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку, в яких діє система державних агенцій з утримання дитини, що користуються чіткими математичними формулами для вирахування аліментів тощо.

Which Socio-Ecological Factors Associate with a Switch to or Maintenance of Active and Passive Transport during the Transition from Primary to Secondary School?

ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate which individual, psychosocial and physical neighborhood environmental factors associate with children’s switch to or maintenance of active/passive transport to school and to leisure time destinations during the transition from primary to secondary school.MethodsChildren (n = 313) filled out a questionnaire in the last year of primary school and 2 years later to assess socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported transport. One of their parents completed a questionnaire to assess parental perceptions of psychosocial and physical neighborhood environmental factors.ResultsThe increase of the home-school distance was significantly associated with children’s switch to or maintenance of passive transport to school compared to a switch to (OR = 0.81; p = 0.03) and maintenance (OR = 0.87; p = 0.03) of active transport to school. Low SES was associated with children’s switch to active transport to school compared to maintenance of active transport (OR = 3.67; p = 0.07). For transport to leisure time destinations, other factors such as parental perceived neighborhood safety from traffic and crime (OR = 2.78; p = 0.004), a positive social norm (OR = 1.49; p = 0.08), positive attitudes (OR = 1.39; p = 0.08) (i.e. more benefits, less barriers) towards their children’s physical activity and poor walking/cycling facilities in the neighborhood (OR = 0.70; p = 0.06) were associated with children’s maintenance of active transport to leisure time destinations compared to a switch to or maintenance of passive transport.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study can give directions for interventions promoting children’s active transport during the transition to secondary school. It is necessary to promote different possibilities at primary school for children to use active transport when going to secondary school. Walking/cycling a part of the home-school trip can be a possible solution for children who will be living at non-feasible distances from secondary school. Providing safe neighborhoods, combined with programs for parents stimulating a positive social norm and positive attitudes towards physical activity during primary school, can be effective.

Children Maintenance: The Rights in Islamic Family Law and the Law of Thailand

Maintaining relationships in the family, parents are responsible for providing maintenance to children and provide them appropriate education. This responsibility to give until puberty or do have the capability to support themselves. This paper aims to discuss the position children maintenance in Islamic Family Law and the Law of Thailand. The discussion in this paper include provisions Islamic Famity Law and the Law of Thailand, whether the Civil Law or Islamic Family Law that has been used in the four districts of the Southern of Thailand which are Patani, Narathiwat, Yala and Satul. The discussion started by providing the definition of children maintenance and the children rights, as well as the children maintenance in the Islamic Family Law. Subsequently, the discussion followed by the explanation on the protection of the Islamic Family law in the Southern of Thailand and the Law of Thailand regarding the children maintenance. Tha research it can be concluded that giving maintenance is compulsory to be settled as explained in the al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah. children maintenance is the parents’ responsibility based on their capability. The rights and position of children maintenance is very precious to the community and laws as it is written in both laws to protect the children completely. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p193

Immigrant Hungarian families' perceptions of new media technologies in the transmission of heritage language and culture

The goal of this research was to explore thoroughly the perceptions of dispersed immigrant professionals and their bilingual and bicultural children regarding the place of new media technology in their lives. Open-ended interviewing and autoethnography were used to explore families' perceptions of the role of media technology in their children's development and maintenance of heritage language (HL) skills, relationships with relatives in the heritage country, and cultural identity. The voices represented are those of two Hungarian immigrant professionals and their families. The families found media technology beneficial in all three areas explored: the development and maintenance of HL, relationships with relatives, and heritage culture. Adult family members also repeatedly pointed out the significance of their own active involvement in the process, and their responsibility in selecting appropriate resources and in being available to support children in their optimal use of media technology. The study provides important insights for immigrant families and practitioners for nurturing children's heritage language and culture.

Vyrų nuostatos į saviraišką tėvystėje

Docentas socialinių mokslų (psichologijos) daktarasMykolo Romerio universiteto Socialinio darbo katedraValakupių g. 5, LT-10101 VilniusTel. (8 5) 27 40 637El. paštas: sdk@mruni.ltStraipsnyje pristatomi svarbesnieji Lietuvos vyrų nuostatų į saviraišką tėvystėje tyrimo duomenys. Šie duomenys gauti taikant individualių standartizuotų pokalbių metodą. Apibendrinant tyrimo duomenis, kaip vyrai vertino save, reikia pažymėti: daugumai (78,1 proc.) tiriamųjų būdinga nuostata, kad jie atitinka vedusių vyrų savybes, o kiti (21,9 proc.) – tai vyrai, manantys, kad jie neatitinka tų savybių. Tie patys tiriamieji daug geriau vertina savo tėviškumą: 84,1 proc. vadovavosi nuostata, kad jų ypatybės atitinka tėvo savybes. 7,3 proc. nurodė, kad neatitinka ųø savybių. Tai leidžia teigti, kad nemaža tiriamųjų dalis vyro vaidmens reikalavimus laiko turinčius būti aukštesnio lygio nei tėvo vaidmens. Vyrai, apibūdindami tėvišką vyro vaidmenį, nurodė rūpinimąsi vaikais bei jų finansinį aprūpinimą. Tėvo, kaip dvasinio vadovo, vaidmuo tirtiems vyrams yra nelabai suprantamas, tad gal nesuprantamas ir vaidmuo ugdant jaunesnio amžiaus vaikus. Antra vertus, arti trečdalio tiriamųjų pasisako, kad vyro vaidmuo prižiūrint kūdikį stiprėtų, būtų sudarytos sąlygos pagal įstatymus.

Teaching children fire safety skills

This investigation examined the effectiveness of three training procedures (elaborative rehearsal, rehearsal-plus, and behavioral rehearsal) in producing children's acquisition and maintenance of fire safety skills, as well as knowledge of fire safety skills. In addition, reduction of fire-related fears was targeted. Fifty-two randomly assigned second- and third-grade children served as subjects. The children were assessed before, immediately following, and three months after their training. The three training groups demonstrated significantly greater behavioral performance gains than an untrained control group at post-test. However, treatment gains did not persist at follow-up. Regarding knowledge, the elaborative rehearsal group reported significantly more knowledge of skills than rehearsal-plus, behavioral rehearsal, and untrained control groups at post-test. At follow-up, elaborative rehearsal and rehearsal-plus groups reported significantly more knowledge of skills than behavioral rehearsal and untrained control groups. Finally, no differences were found among groups concerning fear at post-test and follow-up.

Teaching children fire safety skills

This investigation examined the effectiveness of three training procedures (elaborative rehearsal, rehearsal-plus, and behavioral rehearsal) in producing children's acquisition and maintenance of fire safety skills, as well as knowledge of fire safety skills. In addition, reduction of fire-related fears was targeted. Fifty-two randomly assigned second- and third-grade children served as subjects. The children were assessed before, immediately following, and three months after their training. The three training groups demonstrated significantly greater behavioral performance gains than an untrained control group at post-test. However, treatment gains did not persist at follow-up. Regarding knowledge, the elaborative rehearsal group reported significantly more knowledge of skills than rehearsal-plus, behavioral rehearsal, and untrained control groups at post-test. At follow-up, elaborative rehearsal and rehearsal-plus groups reported significantly more knowledge of skills than behavioral rehearsal and untrained control groups. Finally, no differences were found among groups concerning fear at post-test and follow-up.

Children's Maintenance and Generalization of an Interrogative Learning Strategy

KESTNER, JANE, and BORIKOWSKI, JOHN G. Children's Maintenance and Generalization of an Interrogative Learning Strategy. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 485-494. In experiment 1, 48 children were presented 1 of 4 elaboration strategies or labeling instructions during a single study trial and then recalled 16 paired associates. Children given a single-sentence-repetition study context recalled more than those in a labeling condition but less than those in 3 other elaboration conditions (2-sentence repetition, yes/no interrogative, and why), which were not different from one another. Recall was related to the detail and quality of semantic elaborations, either supplied to or generated by the child. In experiment 2, 32 children were trained over a 4-day period in the use of an interrogative elaboration strategy or received labeling instructions; training occurred individually or in groups of 4. Children trained to use the interrogative strategy performed at least 3 times better than children in the labeling condition (or in a learn-only control condition) on uninstructed tests of strategy maintenance and generalization, but there were no differences in recall for children trained in group or individual settings. Recall at maintenance and generalization was again highly related to the quality and quantity of elaborations.

Children's Maintenance and Generalization of an Interrogative Learning Strategy

Children's Maintenance and Generalization of an Interrogative Learning Strategy

Wages Regulation and Children's Maintenance in Australia

I. Introductory. The established Australian systems: wages-boards and arbitration courts. — Justice Higgins's decision of 1907 the foundation for subsequent awards, 648. — Inadequacy of his data, 649. — Wage changes after 1914, 650. — II. New South Wales Maintenance of Children Bill of 1919, 652. — Proposes central fund and payments therefrom to mothers on a tapering sliding scale, 654. — Estimated Cost, 661. — The government's defeat leads to failure of the bill, 664. — Labor Ministry's bill of 1921, also not enacted, 664. — III. Report of the Australian Basic Wage Commission of 1919, 665. — Searching Inquiry on Cost of Living, 666. — Report in 1920, stating a basic family wage of £5 16s, 670. — The Report a bombshell; memoranda by Knibbs and Piddington, 671. — No action, except minor changes in wages of public employees, 677. — Piddington's pamphlet of 1921, 677. — Attititude of unionists, 679. — IV. More recent developments. Arbitration courts find they have no power to apply the Commsision's basic wage, 681. — Unionists and Labor Party drifting toward the maintenance-of-children principle, 683.