Children In Case Group Research Articles

STUDY OF SERUM ZINC LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common cause of convulsions in children and a frequent cause of emergency hospital admissions. Trace elements like Zinc are found in small quantities in the body but have important structural functional roles in a variety of biological processes. There are studies identifying the role of hypozincemia in febrile seizures but so far no studies have documented hyperzincemia in febrile seizures. An objective was to study the association between serum zinc levels and febrile seizures in children in our set up. The study was cross Methods: sectional study done in B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India from January 2017- November 2018 . A total of 147 children aged 6 months to 6 years fullling our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Children were classied into 3 groups of 50 each. Out of 3 groups rst group comprised of febrile seizure cases. The other 2 groups were control with rst being the febrile patients without convulsions and the other being children without any history of fever or convulsion. The concentration of serum zinc was measured by colorimetric method using a Fully automated analyser. The three groups included in the study were compared with respect to serum zinc level. All data was analysed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and variables were analysed with t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA test. All p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically signicant. Out of 147 children enrolled, majority of t Results: he children in case group were between 6 to 12 months (46.8%). Mean serum zinc level in cases was 112.5 ugm/dl. Serum zinc level was found signicantly high in cases of simple febrile seizures as compared to the controls (P<0.05). Amongst 47 cases 34.04% cases had hyperzincemia and 27.65% cases had hypozincemia. Thus cases with dysregulation in Zinc levels were 61.7%. This study reveals that there is a Conclusion: positive correlation between dysregulation (high as well as low) in serum zinc levels and febrile convulsions

Assessment of Behavioral Problems in Children Pre- and Post-Cochlear Implant: An Egyptian Study.

Objective The present study aimed to detect the behavioral problems pre- and post-cochlear implantation in comparison to normal hearing group to be able to manage these problems to get more benefit from using cochlear implants. Methods A case-control study included 53 children was done. They were divided into 2 groups, the control group included 28 healthy volunteers with normal hearing and the case group included 25 children with severe to profound hearing loss, fitted for cochlear implantation. The Arabic Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to detect different behavioral problems in both groups. Case group children were followed up and reassessed again by CBCL 3 months later after cochlear implantation. Results There were highly significant differences regarding total scores of internalizing and externalizing domains of empirically based CBCL between the control group and the case group after cochlear implants (p=0.001). There were non-significant differences in children within case group (pre- and post-cochlear implantation) regarding emotional and behavioral problems on both empirically based and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-based CBCL. Conclusion For better results, it is necessary to include a specialist of psychosomatic medicine in the cochlear rehabilitation teamwork.

Long-Term Outcomes of Perinatal Hypoxia and Asphyxia at an Early School Age.

Background and Objectives: Late long-term outcomes of perinatal asphyxia (PA) in school-age are often unclear. To assess long-term outcomes at an early school age in children who had experienced perinatal hypoxia or asphyxia, where therapeutic hypothermia was not applied. Materials and Methods: The case group children were 8–9-year-old children (n = 32) who were born at full term and experienced hypoxia or asphyxia at birth, where therapeutic hypothermia (TH) was not applied. The control group consisted of 8–9-year-old children (n = 16) born without hypoxia. A structured neurological examination was performed at an early school age. The neuromotor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Health-related quality-of-life was assessed using the Health Utilities Index (HUI) questionnaire. Intellectual abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Results: The case group, compared with controls, had significantly (p = 0.002) lower mean [SD] full-scale IQ (87(16.86) vs. 107(12.15)), verbal-scale IQ (89(17.45) vs. 105(11.55)), verbal comprehension index (89(17.36) vs. 105(10.74)), working memory index (89(15.68) vs. 104(11.84)), performance IQ (87(16.51) vs. 108(15.48)) and perceptual organization index (85(15.71) vs. 105(15.93)). We did not find any significant differences in the incidence of disorders of neurological examination, movement abilities and health-related quality of life at an early school age between the case and the control group children. Conclusion: In children who experienced perinatal asphyxia but did not have cerebral paralysis (CP), where therapeutic hypothermia was not applied, cognitive assessment scores at an early school age were significantly lower compared to those in the group of healthy children, and were at a low average level.

Low serum zinc and magnesium–a possible risk factor for first episode Simple febrile seizures in children between 6 months to 5 years of age

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure in children. The incidence of febrile seizure is 5-10% in India. There are multiple aetiologies like high grade fever; genetic predisposition, viral infections and trace elements deficiency like iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium are postulated to be risk factors for developing febrile seizures. Recent studies had shown there is a significant association between low serum zinc, low serum magnesium levels and febrile seizures in children.Methods: This was a case control study with 40 children in each group. Children aged 6 months to 5 years with first episode of simple febrile seizures who attends the out-patient department/emergency room (OPD/ER) were included in case group consecutively and 40 children with acute febrile illness without febrile seizures were included in control group. Serum zinc and magnesium levels were estimated for all the children along with other investigations after proper consent from parents. Using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software, independent sample t test was used to analysis the observations between the two groups. Normal lab reference value of serum zinc was 60-120 μg/dl and serum magnesium was 1.7-2.5 mg/dl.Results: The incidence of febrile seizure was high (37.5%) in children between 1-2 years and male (55%) children had increased incidence when compared to female children in case group. The children with febrile seizure had significantly low levels of serum zinc with mean value of 35.08 μg/dl (±8.56) when compared to control group with mean value of 70.23 μg/dl (±13.41) and serum magnesium level in case group was 1.35 mg/dl (±0.29) versus 1.68 mg/dl (±0.42) in control group, which was also statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence of febrile seizure was high in children between 1-2 years of age with male preponderance. The serum levels of both zinc and magnesium is significantly low in children with febrile seizure pointing a need of further studies in role of supplemental zinc and magnesium in this age group to reduce the incidence of febrile seizures.

Association of childhood depressive symptoms behaviors with family factors

Objective To explore the relationship between childhood depressive symptoms with behaviors and family factors, and to provide a new perspective for comprehensive treatment of depressive children. Methods A total of 58 children diagnosed with depressive disorder were recruited as case group in Department of Child Health, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. At the same time, 88 healthy children were selected as age- and gender-matched control group. Depressive symptoms, behaviors and family factors in the two groups were investigated. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to describe and analyze the data. Results The total score of CBCL scale in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (43.29±30.93, 20.24 ±12.93, P 0.05). The scores of somatization, hostility and terror of SCL-90 in parents of children in case group were significantly higherthanthoseincontrolgroup (17.58±4.05, 15.81±4.00; 9.66±2.67, 8.69±2.45; 8.03±1.49, 7.50±0.88, P <0.05). The score of SDS scale was positively correlated with the total score of CBCL scale, the number of positive factors, introversion, extroversion, depression, compulsion, hyperactivity, aggression and social withdrawal, and negatively correlated with parents, marital status ( P <0.01). Conclusion Depression is a common emotional disorder in childhood, which has a negative impact on learning and social performance. In the comprehensive treatment of children with depression, the importance of child behavior therapy and parental psychological counseling should be fully considered for mental health improvement. 【摘要】 目的 探讨儿童抑郁症状与其自身行为表现及家庭因素之间的关系, 为抑郁患儿的综合防治提供新视角。 方法 从青岛大学附属医院儿童保健门诊招募 58 名诊断为抑郁状态的儿童作为病例组, 同期按年龄、性别匹配选择 88 名 健康儿童作为对照组, 采用抑郁自评量表 (Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS)、儿童行为量表 (Child Behaviour Checklist, CBCL)、症状自评量表 90 项 (Symptom Self-evaluation Scale, SCL–90) 调査两组儿童抑郁情绪表现、行为表现及家庭因素, 采 用 SPSS 22.0 软件对数据进行统计描述和分析。 结果 病例组儿童 CBCL 量表总得分髙于对照组儿童 (43.29±30.93, 20.24 ±12.93), 阳性因子数量髙于对照组 (2.57±3.14, 0.97±1.80), 差异均有统计学意义 ( t 值分别为6.17, 3.89, P 值均<0.01)。 病例组内向行为、外向行为、抑郁、强迫、多动、攻击及社交退缩得分髙于对照组 ( t 值分别为 3.70, 2.41, 5.68, 2.34, 2.25, 2.60, 2.29, P 值均<0.01)。病例组儿童家长 SCL–90 量表躯体化、敌对、恐怖得分髙于对照组 (17.58±4.05, 15.81±4.00;9.66 ±2.67, 8.69±2.45; 8.03± 1.49, 7.50±0.88) ( t 值分别为 2.33, 2.17, 2.40, P 值均<0.05)。儿童 SDS 量表得分与 CBCL 量表总得 分、阳性因子数量、内向行为、外向行为、抑郁、强迫、多动、攻击及社交退缩得分呈正相关, 与父母婚姻状况呈负相关 ( r 值 分别为 0.51, 0.42, 0.42, 0.30, 0.51, 0.29, 0.36, 0.32, 0.39, −0.31, P 值均<0.01)。 结论 抑郁症状是儿童普遍存在的情绪障 碍, 会对学习、社会生活能力等方面有明显影响。在抑郁儿童的综合防治中要充分考虑患儿行为干预、家长心理疏导等因 素, 以更好帮助儿童心理健康成长。

Evaluation of Blood Lead Level as a Risk Factor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study

The present study deals with the Evaluation of Blood lead (Pb) level as a risk factor in Autistic Children and to determine the association between blood lead level (BLL) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It was a casecontrol study. Blood samples were collected from both case (25 of 3-16 years) and control (25 of 3-16 years) groups by vein puncture for the determination of blood lead levels using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. Predesigned questionnaires were completed for each case and control group by interviewing the parents or care-givers. The present study revealed that there was a significant difference between mean ages of mother at child’s birth in both case and control group. Significantly more children in case group had parents with higher educational levels and came from families with higher socioeconomic status. Significantly more children in ASD group came from urban areas than rural area. The risk of exposure to air pollution in case group was 14 times more than the control group which is represented by the proximity of child’s residence to high traffic roads. History of pica was exclusively present in case group (p value 0.001) indicating that children in ASD group had more exposure to lead than those of control group. The mean blood levels were 44.18 and 29.22 μg/dl for case and control group respectively. In case group 48% of the children had blood lead level ≥ 10 μg/dl compared to 24% in the control group.

Association between small for gestational age and low birth weight with attention deficit and impaired executive functions in 3–6 years old children

Background: Behavioral disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are frequently reported among children with history of small body size at birth and disproportionate intrauterine growth retardation. The current study aimed to investigate some factors like executive functions and attention deficit in children with history of Small for gestational age (SGA) and/or Low Birth Weight (LBW) at birth.Methods: A historical cohort study was done and 3–6 years old preschool children (with past history of SGA/LBW) from some kindergartens and health centers were selected. Control group was randomly selected among children with history of normal birth weight and appropriate for gestational age at birth. All children were interviewed by an expert psychologist. Variables related to their attention, development, and executive functions were assessed by ASQ, Conner’s, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Completed questionnaires related Attention deficit and indexes of executive functions were evaluated between children in case groups and their counterparts in controls.Results: Based on inclusion criteria, 229 preschool children entered the study. With regard to size for gestational age, 124 cases were categorized in the SGA/LBW group and the rest were assigned in the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group. In the case group, NPE and Percent Perseverative Errors (PPE) scores were significantly lower than normal birth weight group (p = .0001, p = .015). Scores related B item of Conner’s was significantly different between cases and their controls (p = .039, p = .035).Conclusions: Our results indicated that children with past history of some risks at birth may suffer from complications related attention and executive functions in their childhood. Recommendations for further research are strongly suggested.

MP61-05 URINARY CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN 19-9 LEVEL AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatrics: Urinary Tract Infection and Vesicoureteral Reflux1 Apr 2017MP61-05 URINARY CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN 19-9 LEVEL AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS Seyedeh Sanam Ladi-Seyedian, Seyedeh Maryam Kameli, Mastaneh Moghtaderi, and Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh Seyedeh Sanam Ladi-SeyedianSeyedeh Sanam Ladi-Seyedian More articles by this author , Seyedeh Maryam KameliSeyedeh Maryam Kameli More articles by this author , Mastaneh MoghtaderiMastaneh Moghtaderi More articles by this author , and Abdol-Mohammad KajbafzadehAbdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.1863AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate urinary Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels in early detection of pyelonephritis and its relation with clinical course of the infection and inflammatory changes detected by DMSA. METHODS Thirty-five patients with febrile UTI were included in this study as the case group and 30 children who had negative urine culture were nominated as the control group. Urine samples were collected from all participants. Children in case group also underwent complete history and physical examination, kidney and bladder ultrasonography, DMSA, urine analysis and culture. Urine CA19-9 was measured by an electrochemiluminescence enzyme immunometric kit and expressed in U/ml. That level was correlated with clinical factors during statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 65 children were included in this study (mean age: 3 ± 2.8, 12 male and 53 female). CA19-9 levels were significantly greater in the case group than controls (334.30 ± 308 versus 11.68 ± 5.68, P < 0.000). Urine cultures showed that E. coli was the cause of UTI in most cases. CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in the acute phase of febrile UTI and in children with recurrent febrile UTIs and kidney damage. A correlation was found between CA19-9 levels and temperature. No significant association was found regarding age, sex and urinary CA-19-9 levels. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that urine CA19-9 level is markedly increased in pyelonephritis and has potential utility as a predictive biomarker. Also urine CA19-9 levels can be used as an early detection marker for pyelonephritis in children with UTI. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e800 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Seyedeh Sanam Ladi-Seyedian More articles by this author Seyedeh Maryam Kameli More articles by this author Mastaneh Moghtaderi More articles by this author Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Establishment of preliminary regulatory network of TRPV1 and related cytokines.

Our purpose was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of TRPV1 and related cytokines on children bronchial asthma. TRPV1 mRNA level and two SNP genotypes of children in case group and control group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Western blot and ELISA were used to measure the levels of cytokines like IgE, IL-2, etc. Their correlations were analyzed by Logistic regression and KEGG analysis. Moreover, tertiary structure of protein and miRNA binding sites were also predicted by online tools. Case group was obviously different from control group in TRPV1 mRNA level, the two SNP genotypes distribution and the related cytokines levels. Logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that TRPV1 mRNA level, EOS, IL-4 and IL-5 may be risk factors for children bronchial asthma. And based on that, the preliminary regulatory network of children bronchial asthma was drawn. What’s more, mutation of rs4790521 and rs4790522 in TRPV1 gene both induced its corresponding miRNA binding site’s change. The preliminary regulatory network of TRPV1 and related cytokines on children bronchial asthma established in this study provides certain theoretical basis for pathogenesis and treatment of children bronchial asthma.

Indoor Air Pollution as a Risk Factor of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children

Introduction: This study was conducted to find out if indoor air pollution has any risk in occurrence of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in children.Materials and methods: It was a case control study conducted on total 214 children 107 cases and 107 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria with age and sex matched. Detailed history and physical examination was done after taking informed consent. History of upper respiratory tract infection in the family members and siblings, history of smoking by various family members, details of cooking fuel and indoor pollution was also recorded.Results: Those families using wood as a cooking material were associated with higher risk of ALRI (p=0.0001). Exposure to domestic animal was significantly positively associated (p=0.0001) and seven times higher risk to develop ALRI as compared to control group. Those children of case group who did not have separate kitchen were having nine times higher risk of ALRI (p=0.001). Family history of smoking was associated with six times increased risk of ALRI (p=0.001). With the use of kerosene lamps risk of ALRI was increased by 1.44 times (p=0.012).Conclusions: The significant environmental risk factors for ALRI were wood as cooking material, presence of domestic animal, place for cooking, family history of smoking, absence of windows and kerosene lamp as a source of light.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.13(1) 2015: 5-7

Comparison of Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children of Patients with and without Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Increased Carotid Intima Medial Thickness (CIMT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular events like Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and stroke. This study was designed to identify whether CIMT is increased in the children of parents with premature coronary artery disease and compare it with age and sex matched controls who are children of normal individuals. We also tried to compare and correlate the changes in CIMT if any, among the study group with relation to family history of diabetes and hypertension. It was an observational prospective case control study. Twenty five cases (children of parents with premature coronary artery disease) were recruited as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age and sex matched controls were recruited from the paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD). The CIMT was measured using ultrasound Doppler as per the protocol by the Mannheim intima media thickness consensus statement. Ten children out of 25 controls had CIMT of 0.05 cm and 5 out of 25 cases had CIMT of 0.07 cm. The association between cases and controls was not statistically significant. Even though the CIMT increases after 10 years, there is no statistically significant association between cases and controls in the different age groups. Out of the total 48% of the children among the case group had family history of hypertension whereas 28% in the control group. A 33% of children in the case group with family history of hypertension had CIMT of 0.07 cm; 46% of children in case group without family history of hypertension had CIMT of 0.05 cm. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). There was no significant association between family history of diabetes mellitus and CIMT in both groups. There was significant association between CIMT in children with family history of premature CAD and family history of hypertension when compared with no family history of hypertension with premature CAD. There was no significant association between CIMT of children with and without family history of premature CAD.

The prevalence of hypercalciuria in girl kids with over active bladder.

Introduction: Hypercalciuria may be a sign of over active bladder, these symptoms may be treated if we get rid of hypercalciuria. Objectives: This paper is intended to get to the prevalence of hypercalciuria in girl kids with over active bladder. Patients and Methods: All patients with index of over active urinary bladder who admitted to Amir-Kabir hospital of Arak and children who have admitted without any particular disease just for a laboratory check were studied simultaneously. Urine sample was taken from both groups. Results: The prevalence of hypercalciuria in the group with normal urinary bladder was 22.6% and in the case group was 42.9%. Hypercalciuria was reported in 30 (22.6%) children of control group and 57 (42.9%) children of case group. Based on chi-square test, hypercalciuria distribution between the two groups is not homogeneous (P = 0.001). Mean calcium to creatinine ratios were 2.384330 ± 0.55694 (mg/mg) and 2.186552 ± 0.56714 (mg/mg) for control and case groups respectively and no significant difference is observed between the two groups (P = 0.976). Based on logistic regression test, there is a significant relationship between both case and control groups and the occurrence of hypercalciuria with 2.58 times more than control group observed in case group. Conclusion: Based on the high prevalence of hypercalciuria in case group, examination and treatment of hypercalciuria in patients with over active bladder may be effective.

Case-control study on factors associated with crown fractures in the primary dentition

The purpose of the present study was to identify the factors associated with dental trauma in preschool children. This case-control study was nested in a population-based cross-sectional study involving a random sample of 301 children one to five years of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group was made up of children with at least one fractured deciduous tooth, and the control group was made up of children with no deciduous tooth fracture. The two groups were matched for age in a proportion of one control for every case. The dependent variable was “dental trauma,” diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Andreasen and Andreasen. The independent variables were overjet, measured and considered accentuated when surpassing 3 mm, and lip coverage, classified as adequate or inadequate. Clinical oral examinations were performed by calibrated dentists. The parents provided information on the socioeconomic indicators. Statistical analysis involved the McNemar test and logistic regression. Each group (case and control) was composed of 92 children. In the bivariate analysis, traumatic dental injury (TDI) was associated with overjet > 3 mm (p = 0.001), inadequate lip coverage (p < 0.001), mother's schooling (p = 0.028) and household income (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only inadequate lip coverage was associated with TDI (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 1.37-20.85). In conclusion, the case group children had a 5.3 - fold more likely chance of presenting inadequate lip coverage, compared with the control children.

Eye problems in deaf children: A case‐control study

AbstractPurpose To compare the prevalence of refractive errors and amblyopia between deaf and normal childrenMethods In this case control study, cases were selected from deaf school children in Mashhad. The control group consisted of children with no hearing problem. The sampling was done utilizing the cluster sampling method. All of the samples underwent refraction, cover test and visual examinations.Results 254 children in case group and 506 children in control group were assessed. The mean spherical equivalent was 1.7±1.9 D in case group, which was significantly different from the control group (0.2±1.5) (p&lt;0.001). The prevalence of hyperopia was 57.15 and 21.5% in case and control groups, respectively. But myopia was mostly seen in the control group (p=0.007). Mean cylinder was 0.65 ±1.3 D and 0.43±0.62 D in case and control groups, respectively. Logistic regression showed that the chance of Amblyopia was significantly greater in cases.Conclusion Comparing with children in the same ages, deaf children have much more eye problems; therefore there must be a possible relation between deafness and eye problems. Paying attention to assessing eye health in deaf children, may prevent them from adding eye problems to deaf difficulties.

Inhibitory ability of children with developmental dyscalculia

Inhibitory ability of children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) was investigated to explore the cognitive mechanism underlying DD. According to the definition of developmental dyscalculia, 19 children with DD-only and 10 children with DD&RD (DD combined with reading disability) were selected step by step, children in two control groups were matched with children in case groups by gender and age, and the match ratio was 1:1. Psychological testing software named DMDX was used to measure inhibitory ability of the subjects. The differences of reaction time in number Stroop tasks and differences of accuracy in incongruent condition of color-word Stroop tasks and object inhibition tasks between DD-only children and their controls reached significant levels (P<0.05), and the differences of reaction time in number Stroop tasks between dyscalculic and normal children did not disappear after controlling the non-executive components. The difference of accuracy in color-word incongruent tasks between children with DD&RD and normal children reached significant levels (P<0.05). Children with DD-only confronted with general inhibitory deficits, while children with DD&RD confronted with word inhibitory deficits only.