Child Support System Research Articles

Компетенции специалистов, работающих с детьми с расстройствами аутистического спектра, в системе непрерывного образования

This paper identifies the competencies of specialists working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a modular competence approach in the continuing education system. The study provided additional training to specialists in Tatarstan and conducted an online survey of 104 participants who had completed advanced training. The survey identified an uneven formation of competencies among specialists, with teachers and educators less prepared to interact with children with ASD than speech therapists and psychologists. Inadequacies were found in all groups, especially in diagnosis and technology applications. A model of additional education was developed for specialists in the integrated support system for children with ASD that needs to be expanded to include teachers and educators involved in inclusive education.

Postseparation Financial Abuse Perpetrated Through Government Systems: A Survey of Australian Mothers' Experiences of Child Support.

Financial abuse is a form of violence that can extend well beyond intimate partner relationship breakdown. A survey of 540 Australian separated parents examined how financial abuse was perpetrated, with a focus on child support and other government systems. Women reported that their ex-partners minimized and withheld child support payments to inflict direct financial harm, while interactions between the family court, taxation, and benefit payment systems were taken advantage of to threaten or control them. Findings revealed how the mandatory and complex Australian child support system provided perpetrators with a useful means of perpetrating financial abuse across households.

Parental Involvement in Educating Children with Intellectual Disabilities in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered the educational landscape globally, with a particularly profound impact on children with intellectual disabilities (ID). In India, where educational infrastructure and support systems for children with ID are already strained, the pandemic exacerbated existing challenges. In India, the sudden shift to remote learning has placed a significant burden on parents, who have had to take on new roles as educators. Parents have had to step into roles traditionally held by educators, therapists, and support staff, making their involvement crucial. This research article explores the multifaceted role parents played in the education of children with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in India, highlighting both the obstacles faced and the resilience demonstrated by families. This article also emphasized the role of parents in educating children with intellectual disabilities during the pandemic, through case studies and community efforts, highlighting both challenges and innovative solutions.

The Socio-Legal Impacts of Maternal Incarceration on Children: Emotional, Social, and Physical Considerations in Sentencing Decisions

This paper explores the socio-legal impacts of maternal incarceration on children in the United States. The steep rise in incarceration rates, particularly among women, has highlighted challenges faced by children with incarcerated mothers. These challenges include emotional distress, social stigmatization, behavioral issues, psychological maladjustment, and more. Despite the existence of programs aimed at supporting these children, such initiatives often lack a cohesive national policy, resulting in inequality in access and implementation. This study advocates for a comprehensive analysis of the legal context, including trends, sentencing policies, and the rights of the child. It emphasizes the need for a more consistent application of the "best interests of the child" standard in sentencing decisions. At the same time, it analyzes international and national practices and programs situated in addressing said challenges. By evaluating current approaches and proposing reforms, this study aims to provide insights for improving support systems for children affected by maternal incarceration.

Access to jeopardy: The legal hybridity of criminal-civil debt in the United States

Research on the shadow carceral state identifies new species of criminal-civil and civil-criminal legal hybrids embedded in state law. We bring into conversation disparate literatures on growing family complexity, monetary sanctions, justiciable problems, and child support enforcement to examine how contemporary American families experience a system of double and triple jeopardy—the compounding risks of exposure to both criminal and civil debts at the nexus of a legal hybrid, wherein monetary sanctions (criminal) and child support orders (civil) become co-constitutive (double jeopardy), thereby amplifying the risk that a parent will also experience (civil) child support arrearage (triple jeopardy). Using data from seven sources to construct a unique dataset, we evaluate the spatial and racial risk of double and triple jeopardy, as well as the state-level factors that explain them. Our analysis provides a valid description of, and critically establishes the sociolegal precarity wherein, currently incarcerated parents observe and experience their risks of double and triple jeopardy in the child support system via its orders, collections, and enforcement powers. We find that there are, indeed, racial and spatial disparities in the risk of double and triple jeopardy, and that specific state-level factors increment and decrement those risks.

Support Systems for children with disability in alternative care system in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Nigeria maintains residential homes as a form of alternative care for children with disability (CWD) despite its reversal in developed nations. This cross-sectional study profiled the nature of care for CWDs in alternative residential homes (ARHs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered 131 copies of a standardized questionnaire to CWDs, while eight interviews were conducted among staff of residential homes and regulatory bodies. The male (54.2%) population dominated the homes. Satisfaction in healthcare services (61%) and in quality of feeding (73%) were reported, while 32% CWDs expressed willingness to leave the residential homes for reasons of inadequate support structures. There was no significant relationship between respondents’ duration of stay and the likelihood of recommending residential homes as the best model for supporting CWD (P<0.05). Residential homes provided in-group solidarity and basic survival needs for CWDs, but lacked formal mechanisms for reporting and responding to abuses. Social workers can play a pivotal role in public sensitization to challenge the placing of CWDs in deficient ARHs and can also be at the forefront of advocating for social welfare programmes for parents of CWDs to enable the children to grow within their natural family settings.

Multifaced therapies in the care of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder - A literature review

Autism is an abnormality in functioning that influences how people interact with others, communicate, learn new things and behave. According to the WHO, autism already occurs in 1 in 100 children. Although it affects people of all ages it is mostly diagnosed in children. This makes the essence of autism management to support the child's development. Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD) has become a target of research and interest in modern medicine, especially psychiatry pediatrics and psychology. Help and support during the development of a child with ASD have big influence in alleviating symptoms and developing functioning. The multitude of modern therapies makes it available to provide comprehensive care for the child. According to a recent analysis, therapies such as music therapy have positive effects. They can boost a child's communication, interpersonal, social and language skills. They improve the child's overall functioning which converts into his quality of life in adulthood. The profits of occupational or individual therapies are a new case in the context of people with ASD. It requires more extensive randomized studies, but it offers great hope and optimism for the improvement of therapies and a multifaceted support system for children with ASD.

Juvenile delinquency as a contemporary issue in Nigeria: understanding the impacts of parenting styles, single parenting and marital discord.

When addressing juvenile delinquencies in Nigeria, it is important to consider the roles and effects of parenting styles and family structures. Although, there are no universally accepted parenting styles, evidence and studies have pointed to some parenting styles that expose children to delinquent behaviours. We examined different parenting styles comprehensively in this article and how these styles can influence juvenile delinquencies. We also discussed the association between single-parenting and behavioural outcomes; accounting how single-parenting may increase risks of delinquencies. Furthermore, marital discord was discussed and social learning theory by Albert Bandura was adopted to buttress our positions. We concluded that parenting styles have roles in delinquencies and that while children raised by single parents may be vulnerable to delinquencies, the assumption may not always be true. This study posits that government and appropriate agencies should establish a functional child support systems across Nigeria and family institution should be paid more attention to.

Professionals' digital competences and user profiles in social agencies and their impact on professional practice, family autonomy and wellbeing.

The health crisis of the last 3 years has revealed the weaknesses of the child and family support system based on the professional use of digital resources in social agencies. This study addresses three aims: to examine the level of professional digital competence; to analyze the user profiles in a variety of digital resources; and to test the impact of level of competences and user profiles on four aspects: professional practice, family satisfaction with the services, child and family wellbeing, and family autonomy in the exercise of the parenting role. Participants were 148 practitioners from social agencies who voluntarily responded to an online survey with 47 questions. Results showed that professionals perceive themselves as more competent in areas of information / data management and communication / collaboration than in the creation of digital content, security measures, and technical problem solving. Websites, email, and instant messaging were the sources more frequently used and with higher satisfaction, than structured programs, social networks and multimedia content. Variability in the user profiles showed three clusters: Cluster 1 Social network user (n = 13), Cluster 2 Diversified user (n = 75) and Cluster 3 Communicative instant user (n = 60). Participants in Cluster 2 compared to those in the other clusters were the most proficient on their digital competences and acknowledge the positive impact of digital resources on their professional practice and the psychological and social wellbeing of families. This study points the need for improvement in professionals' digital competences in some of the measured areas and the user profile of digital resources since both provide benefits on professional practice and family autonomy and wellbeing.

PERLINDUNGAN KANAK-KANAK DI MALAYSIA: MENILAI KEBERKESANAN JAGAAN PELIHARA DARI PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG

Foster care serves as a crucial support system for children in need of care and protection in Malaysia who cannot live with their biological families due to issues such as neglect, abuse, or abandonment. This article examines the concept of foster care, its legal implementation, and challenges. By scrutinizing existing legislation, the paper aims to identify areas for improvement to enhance the effectiveness of foster care as part of the child protection system in Malaysia. The foster care system in Malaysia is primarily governed by the Child Act 2001 and managed by the Social Welfare Department in providing family-based care, especially for abandoned children. This article employs a qualitative study, revealing challenges and limitations within the existing legal framework. The findings indicate that there is no specific law governing foster care in Malaysia. Therefore, the article emphasizes the need to enhance the effectiveness of foster care legislation by increasing resources and support for foster parents, implementing standardized training programs for them, strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and encouraging cooperation and information sharing among relevant agencies. This is to ensure positive outcomes and long-term welfare for children in foster care in Malaysia.

Cycles of Debt and Punishment: A Symposium on Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated Fathers

In the contemporary United States, millions of fathers cycle through the criminal justice and child support systems—cycles that create new forms of debt and disadvantage. This symposium discusses those cycles and their effects on fathers and their families. Through comments on Lynne Haney's book, Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated Fathers, the authors analyze the criminalization of child support and the ways it complicates reentry after prison. They engage Haney's arguments about the causes and consequences of prisons of debt and her empirical material on men's struggles as indebted fathers—or, as Michael Mitchell put it, the book's insistence on “getting proximate to human suffering.”

Child assistance training: Effects of training on parents’ knowledge in children’s language and numeracy development

Preschool-age children show rapid development in various aspects of their development, including numeracy and language development. Various and appropriate stimulations are expected to optimize their development. Parents as the closest support system for preschool children have a very significant role, especially in helping children optimize their numeracy and language skills. Parents can play an optimal role if they understand children's numeracy and language development. In this community service program, parents are given training on "Optimizing the Learning Environment for Numeracy and Language in Preschool Children" which aims to increase parents' understanding of children's numeracy and language development and efforts to optimize it. The participants were 31 parents and Posyandu cadres in Jatimukti, Sumedang, West Java. Parents' understanding was measured through a pre-test questionnaire administered at the beginning of the training and a post-test questionnaire at the end of the training. The results showed a positive effect of the training on parents' understanding of children's numeracy and language development. Therefore, the results of this training recommend further trainings aimed at improving parents' understanding of language and numeracy development in preschool childrens.

Program pembelajaran bagi siswa dengan ADHD di SDN Rejowinangun Yogyakarta

This study aims to obtain an overview of the learning program for students with ADHD at Rejowinangun Elementary School in the 2020/2021 academic year. This descriptive qualitative research had subjects consisted of a class teacher and a student who had been diagnosed with ADHD. Data was collected through interviews and observation. The data validity was conducted by increasing persistence, triangulation, and using reference materials. Data analysis techniques was carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study illustrate that it needs to carry out further studies regarding efforts to overcome various problems of teacher capacity in designing appropriate learning for students in inclusive schools, dealing with behavioral problems, and establishing cooperation with parents/guardians as a support system for children's success. Further research is still needed with more subjects and locations by other researchers in order to get a more in-depth study of learning practices for students with ADHD in inclusive schools.

한·독간 비교분석을 통한 보호종료아동의 자립지원체계에 대한 제언

On March 22, 2016 the South Korean Child Welfare Act has been amended. Based on this, the responsibility of local governments, i.e., mayor/provincial governors and district leaders, has been specified in terms of institutional care for the children excluded from the institutional care. In addition, on July 13, 2021, the South Korean government announced a 'measure to strengthen support for children who are dependent on institutional protection (youths preparing for self-reliance)', which states that children who use institutional facilities can stay there until the age of 24 if wanted. Thus, the responsibility of local governments in establishing a self-reliance support system and the national responsibility for children being excluded from institutional care are increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present national responsibility for supporting self-reliance and the self-reliance support system of local governments for the children. The research topics are to examine the basic viewpoint of such support system regarding local governments in Germany and to suggest the principles and directions of the self-reliance support system for the children excluded from institutional care. The research method was to compare and analyze the German case of rebuilding the state responsibility and the self-reliance support system for children being terminated from institutional care through the 68 student protests.
 In conclusion, this research suggests to practice the state's accountability for self-reliance support for children in South Korea, to establish an agency dedicated to local governments and to grant strong authority, and to accompany experts; and offer follow-up care for the daily needs and empower these children through public-private cooperation of local governments.

Usability of the IDDEAS prototype in child and adolescent mental health services: A qualitative study for clinical decision support system development.

Child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) clinical decision support system (CDSS) provides clinicians with real-time support as they assess and treat patients. CDSS can integrate diverse clinical data for identifying child and adolescent mental health needs earlier and more comprehensively. Individualized Digital Decision Assist System (IDDEAS) has the potential to improve quality of care with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. We examined IDDEAS usability and functionality in a prototype for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a user-centered design process and qualitative methods with child and adolescent psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Participants were recruited from Norwegian CAMHS and were randomly assigned patient case vignettes for clinical evaluation, with and without IDDEAS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as one part of testing the usability of the prototype following a five-question interview guide. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following qualitative content analysis. Participants were the first 20 individuals from the larger IDDEAS prototype usability study. Seven participants explicitly stated a need for integration with the patient electronic health record system. Three participants commended the step-by-step guidance as potentially helpful for novice clinicians. One participant did not like the aesthetics of the IDDEAS at this stage. All participants were pleased about the display of the patient information along with guidelines and suggested that wider guideline coverage will make IDDEAS much more useful. Overall, participants emphasized the importance of maintaining the clinician as the decision-maker in the clinical process, and the overall potential utility of IDDEAS within Norwegian CAMHS. Child and adolescent mental health services psychiatrists and psychologists expressed strong support for the IDDEAS clinical decision support system if better integrated in daily workflow. Further usability assessments and identification of additional IDDEAS requirements are necessary. A fully functioning, integrated version of IDDEAS has the potential to be an important support for clinicians in the early identification of risks for youth mental disorders and contribute to improved assessment and treatment of children and adolescents.

Review of “Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated Fathers”

The criminal legal system is an institution that creates, maintains, and exacerbates inequalities between people entangled in the system and those who escape such entanglement. Contact with the criminal legal system, and the surveillance associated with such contact, has increased rapidly over the past 50 years. In response, a now established body of research documents the repercussions of contact with the criminal legal system for individual and family well-being. In Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated Fathers, Lynne Haney provides the first large-scale and rigorous accounting of the mutually reinforcing linkages between the criminal legal system and the child support system. This book is a thoughtful and careful accounting of how these two institutions influence one another to create compounding disadvantages for the vulnerable men who become entangled in these systems. Furthermore, by illuminating how individuals enduring involvement with the criminal legal system and the child support system engage in narratives of fatherhood, this book is also about how these two institutions shape family life.

The carceral logic of parental responsibility

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the institutional logic underpinning the child support system's expectations of parents.BackgroundCompelling parental responsibility through punitive enforcement mechanisms is the central focus of child support system enforcement. Although much is known about noncustodial parents' experiences in the system, less is known about how this site of state intervention shapes the definition and expectations of parenthood and family.MethodObservations in five courts and child support‐related sites were conducted over 18 months. Interviews were also conducted with child support system workgroup members.ResultsThe racialized, gendered, and classed stereotypes that undergird the system's definition of parental responsibility are grounded in controlling images of parenthood and family, prioritizing financial support above any other contributions of parents. Court officials wielded this expectation of parental responsibility to punish—or threaten to punish—noncustodial parents, resulting in significant material and symbolic consequences.ConclusionThe carceral logic of parental responsibility in this site underpins punitive state policies, procedures, and practices around nonpayment of support and other acts of noncompliance, reproducing racialized, gendered, and classed social controls of parenthood and family. As a result of this logic, the child support system plays a significant role in shaping the institutions of parenthood and family, (re)produces the expansion of the carceral state, and contributes to broader family inequality.ImplicationsAddressing family inequality should attend to the pervasiveness of the carceral logic of parental responsibility in the child support system and beyond, which has significantly oppressive consequences for parents and families.

IRAN-TURKEY COMPARISON IN CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AND NEEDS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

<p>Raising a child with a lifelong disability requires time, attention, and the development of skills to assist the child to be healthy and participate in usual childhood activities. Caring needs may include providing medical care, education, and support. The study aimed to determine the educational system and support systems for children with disorders in Iran and Turkey and to establish the similarities and differences between these two countries.<strong> </strong>The research is a descriptive method that consonant with the nature and type of study, which a comparative study is, has been done in four stages description, interpretation, proximity, and comparison.<strong> </strong>This study analyzed the national education system of Turkey and the Iranian educational system. The data was collected through a checklist that included different data on various dimensions studied. The researchers collected the data via correspondence, the Internet, and books. Data collection was in line with the designed questions. The results of this study are as follows: the two countries are somewhat similar in terms of various financial, cultural, and educational support. But the crucial point of this research is to identify people with the disorder and the educational method. In Turkey, children are identified and referred to the relevant organization from birth and are monitored and controlled from then on. The children would be recognized from delivery in Iran, but screening children before joining the school is at the age of six. The study approved that Turkey's education system is more coordinated than Iran, as once a child is diagnosed with a disorder, the children's education initiates and, the children take re-assessment tests every year, and based on the results of these tests, skills which there is a defect and what needs to be done is written. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0226/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Spatial aspects of the supply-demand gap and its change in childcare services in Naha City, Japan.

Given the recent increase in the number of working mothers, Japanese cities face a shortage of childcare services. In response to this problem, Japan's central government has attempted to expand childcare facilities by implementing a comprehensive support system for children and child-rearing. However, a geographical approach is needed to evaluate the impact of the new system from the viewpoint of territorial justice in order to reconcile efficiency and equity in public service provision. Therefore, this study examines the spatial aspects of the supply-demand gap in childcare services following the implementation of the new system. The area studied was Naha City in Okinawa Prefecture, where the number of children awaiting enrollment in licensed childcare centers is exceptionally large. Since 2015, the city authorities have provided financial assistance to transform unlicensed childcare facilities into licensed ones to increase the provision of childcare services. As a result, the number of children awaiting enrollment in licensed childcare centers has reduced. Nevertheless, a spatial analysis of the supply-demand gap in childcare services using a geographic information system proves that a regional imbalance in childcare provision still exists in Naha City.

Understanding child support arrangements in Colombia: A social exchange theory perspective

AbstractObjectiveIn this research, we examine the characteristics of custodial‐mother families with a child support arrangement in Colombia and how key concepts from social exchange theory are associated with having these arrangements.BackgroundA significant proportion of custodial‐mother families do not receive financial support from noncustodial fathers. Prior research has identified processes behind low rates of child support receipt, but little is known about which factors determine whether separated parents make a child support arrangement in the first place, especially in less affluent countries.MethodsUsing data on custodial mothers interviewed in the Colombian Longitudinal Survey, we used descriptive statistics to examine the characteristics of custodial mothers with a child support arrangement and estimated logistic regression models to examine how economic dependence and commitment before separation are associated with having a child support arrangement.ResultsOnly 35.7% of custodial‐mother families had a child support arrangement, typically a private one. Mothers with an arrangement were more socioeconomically advantaged than those who did not have one. Only economic independence factors were significantly associated with having an arrangement, and a custodial mother's economic independence discouraged having any child support arrangement.ConclusionEconomic factors may bear more weight than interpersonal ties in decisions to pursue a child support arrangement in Colombia.ImplicationsAn assessment of the costs associated with pursuing a child support arrangement in Colombia is an important step to improve the child support system's outreach to custodial mothers, current programming, and type of services provided at different stages of the process.