Child Protection Research Articles

What factors are associated with children being taken into care by the state after initial contact with services? A survival analysis of Children’s Social Care data in Liverpool

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of children in the UK are being taken into care, with adverse consequences for children and unsustainable costs for local government. It is crucial that local authorities better...

The impact of the Prevent Agenda on social work: a systematic literature review

The Prevent Agenda, introduced in 2006, is a counter-terrorism strategy aiming to address radicalisation and extremist behaviour. This systematic literature review (SLR) focuses on its impact on child protection social work, examining how it influences roles, responsibilities and decision-making processes. Analysing articles, governmental reports and relevant literature, the review explores outcomes, such as improved inter-agency communication and heightened awareness of radicalisation risk factors. However, much more pronounced in the literature are very significant concerns that arise about potential biases in targeting, marginalising Muslim minorities and alienating families from support. This SLR offers insights into the multifaceted effects of Prevent on child protection social work, families and communities. Identifying trends and knowledge gaps contributes to understanding how counterterrorism intersects with child welfare. The review’s implications inform policy, professional training and future research for a balanced approach to national security and child and family well-being.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Menjadi Korban Tindak Pidana Pencabulan

Introduction: The criminal act of molestation of children is a crime that violates morality, immorality and religion.Purposes of the Research: analyze the form of legal protection for children who are victims of criminal acts of obscenity, and to be able to find out the efforts to deal with children who are victims of criminal acts of obscenity.Methods of the Research: victims of sexual abuse. The type of research used is "Normative Juridical" research, and is descriptive analysis in nature, the research approach uses a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The technique of collecting legal materials through library research, then analyzing the legal materials used is qualitativeResults of the Research: The implementation of child protection in the form of state responsibility is that the responsibility of the state for the promotion of children's rights is not just a legal responsibility, but a constitutional responsibility and human rights that have been recognized internationally. So it is every member of the community who seeks to protect children according to their abilities with various kinds of efforts in certain situations and conditions. Every citizen is also responsible for implementing child protection for the sake of child welfare, because child protection has a positive influence on parents, family, society, government and the state. Coordination of collaborative child protection activities needs to be carried out in order to prevent an imbalance in overall child protection activities. Efforts to deal with criminal acts of sexual abuse of minors can be carried out in two ways, namely prevention and management if criminal acts of sexual abuse of children have already occurred

Effects of Implementing Trauma-Informed Training at Child Protection Professionals

Trauma-informed training is essential for child protection professionals as their support and help to children, young people, and families is a significant factor in overcoming many problems and challenges, including various traumas, from early childhood to adulthood. This article aims to overview the current situation in the implementation of trauma-informed training, analyze studies regarding the effects of the implementation of this training in child protection, and provide evidence-based recommendations that indicate the need to further improve the competencies of child protection professionals for work with children, youth and families with trauma experience. The purpose of this article is to indicate the importance of implementing a trauma-informed approach in working with children and young people who have experienced some trauma, as well as significant challenges, limitations, and possible directions for improving the implementation of trauma-informed training in this area in order to provide them with more adequate and better quality support. The article is based on the analysis of existing scientific literature, and the method of work used is content analysis. The article begins by conceptualizing the trauma-informed approach, advantages, and limitations in implementing this approach in the child protection system. After that, a presentation and analysis of data on trauma-informed training and previous studies findings on the effects of this training on child protection professionals is given. This review showed a lack of more detailed and comprehensive studies on the effects of trauma-informed training in child protection, a lack of studies that deal in more detail with factors, gaps, and challenges in the implementation of this training, and a lack of data of training methods and techniques used for trauma-informed approach transferring to professionals, as well as monitoring. The implications for trauma-informed training for child protection professionals and the gaps to be covered in future studies are discussed.

Child Support Right In The Human Rights Perspective

Introduction: The provision of Article 28 B paragraph (2) and Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia can be stated as the philosophical basis for children's rights on viability, growth, and development; and the rights to protection from violence and discrimination; as well as the rights to recognition, assurance, fair legal protection, and certainty, as well as equal treatment in front of the law.Purposes of the Research: To find out that every regulation related to child support rights from the human rights perspective should refer to the philosophical basis of the nation that is Article 28 B paragraph (2) and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia. The focus of the legal problem in this study is child support rights from the human rights perspective.Methods of the Research: The juridical normative method with statute approach, conceptual approach, constitutional approach, and Comparative approach is used as the research methodology in this study.Results of the Research: However, with the implementation of Article 28 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia that placed the State, Government, and Regional Governments are obliged to ensure the protection, care, and welfare of the children by paying attention to the rights and obligations of the parents, guardians or other people who legally responsible to the children. The provision of that Article asserts that the problem of children's protection is not only the responsibility of their parents, but also has become the responsibility of the state, government, and regional government. Therefore, it can be concluded that the post-divorce child maintenance rulings in Malaysia are better than those in Indonesia, as the implementation of child maintenance rulings in Malaysia is monitored by the BSK, which is a part of the Court responsible for handling all matters related to child support.

Magyarországi helyzetkép az alternatív gondoskodás lehetőségeiről, különös tekintettel a gyermekotthoni, nevelőszülői elhelyezésre

In this study, we compare institutional and foster care. The method chosen is a secondary analysis of statistical data. In the study, we seek to answer the question of how the number of places, the number of children, the age composition of children, the duration of placement and the type of placement vary in Hungary and in the Northern Great Plain region. We analyse data for the years 2014, 2021 and 2023 in terms of deinstitutionalisation and present the current situation of child protection care alongside the trends in institutional restructuring in recent years. A further aim of our comparative analysis is to review the number of cases of runaways from care in recent years, assuming that they occur less frequently in foster care. For the analysis, we have primarily used data for the years 2014, 2021 and 2023. In some places, the year 2020 was analysed due to data availability. We have used publicly available data series from the KSH, as well as data recorded on the basis of individual data requests according to the KSH OSAP Form 1208, which contains data provided by child protection centres based in the respective counties.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Eksploitasi Secara Seksual dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia

The problem of sexual exploitation of children is not just a medical issue, but also involves many aspects, including religion, psychology and law. For this reason, this research was carried out with the aim of knowing and analyzing the regulations for legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation and policy formulation for legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation in the future. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach, conceptual approach and case approach. Analysis of legal materials is carried out by interpreting, evaluating and assessing all statutory regulations and relevant legal materials. The results show that the regulation of legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation is not clearly regulated either in Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and policies for formulating legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation in the future, namely the need to reform the criminal law regarding provisions that prohibit these acts, both in the draft Criminal Code in the future and the revision of Law Number 13 of 2006, Law Number 23 of 2002 and Law Number 11 of 2012.

Kajian Hukum Penyelesaian Kasus Stateless di Indonesia (Studi Kasus di Kemenkumham Yogyakarta)

Legal Study of Settlement of Stateless Cases in Indonesia (Case Study at the Yogyakarta Ministry of Law and Human Rights). Thesis. Yogyakarta. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. PGRI University Yogyakarta. 2024. This research aims to find out about the legal study of resolving stateless cases in the Yogyakarta Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Data collection uses interviews, documentation, and observation techniques. The data analysis used is descriptive data analysis, which is data that is organized and interpreted so that the data can provide answers to problems that are the background to the problems in writing this thesis, and conclusions can be drawn. From the results of research on the resolution of stateless cases, it was found that children born to parents of different nationalities over the age of 18 (eighteen) years or already married and a maximum of 21 (twenty-one) years must have clear citizenship status by making an application by the provisions of the Law. Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2022 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 2 of 2007 concerning Procedures for Obtaining, Losing, Cancelling, and Regaining Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia was passed on May 31, 2022, and this regulation is only valid until 31 May 2024. Government Regulation Number 21 of 2022 is a form of legal protection and certainty for children resulting from mixed marriages

Protective and risk factors in family communication registered in the process of child endangerment risk assessment

The research problem of our research was the identification of protective and risk factors in family communication in the process of child endangerment risk assessment. Our research aimed to identify and describe these factors in family communication based on the results of qualitative research with social workers in the departments of social and legal protection of children in the Slovak Republic. The research was conducted using the method of individual semi-structured interviews, in total we conducted 8 interviews. The thematic categories within which we described protective and risk factors in family communication were the use of vulgarisms, refusal to cooperate, fear and anxiety, open communication, and interest in child care.

Impact of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia

Children in residential care have the most complex needs of all children growing up in Out-of-Home care (OOHC), due to complex trauma from pre-care experiences of abuse and neglect, inadequate therapeutic supports while in care and significant placement instability. Some argue that residential care settings are intrinsically criminogenic, as evidenced by significant over-representation of this cohort in youth justice. However, little is known about how children’s experiences of trauma, including removal from family and placement in OOHC, is viewed by lawyers and decision-makers in criminal cases involving children in care. Criminal justice decisions can have long-term ramifications for children in care and custodial sentencing can often be a precursor to ongoing incarceration into adulthood. This qualitative, cross-national study explored the impacts of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 legal, youth justice and judicial stakeholders in England, Wales (UK), New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (Australia). While there are considerable differences in the operation of child protection and youth justice systems between these jurisdictions, thematic analysis using NVivo14 identified. confirmed ongoing systemic factors associated with criminalisation identified in previous literature persists despite attempts to address these through policy and practice reforms. These factors include an absence of therapeutic supports, unstable and unsafe residential care placements, over-reliance on police to respond to minor incidents, increasingly punitive police responses lacking awareness of the impacts of childhood trauma and inappropriate use of custody as an ‘alternative’ placement. These findings suggest the similar systemic processes across these jurisdictions are likely to reflect deeply entrenched ideologies about ‘care’ and ‘protection’ that function to criminalise trauma. The implications of these systemic factors when children are exposed to formal criminal justice decision-making are considered.

Isolation and Diagnosis of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Patients with Meningitis in Child Protection Hospital in Baghdad

Environmental contamination has been estimated to account for up to 20% of all hospital-acquired illnesses. Acinetobacter baumannii has recently become the predominant pathogen, posing a significant risk to human health. In present study, two hundred fifteen CSF samples were collected from children between the ages of new born to 14 years who were visiting child protection hospital in Baghdad. For the period from first of Oct 2023 to the end of Jan 2024, and the samples were sent for diagnosis. Isolates were identified after culturing them on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and mannitol salt agar. A number of biochemical tests were performed to detect Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. The results indicated a negative oxidase reaction, a positive catalase reaction, a negative indole reaction, a negative methyl red reaction, a negative Voges-Proskauer reaction, and a positive citrate reaction, which were performed for the samples and for final diagnosis the Vitek-2 Compact system was used. After cultivation and diagnosis, 7 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained out of 40 samples that showed positive culture results with bacterial growth.

Teachers’ perceptions of enabling and hindering factors in child abuse disclosures

ContextIt is well argued in literature that teachers are ideally placed to observe and monitor children for signs of abuse and neglect, there are categories of abuse which are more difficult to observe in the school context, such as sexual abuse and rely on children ‘telling’ about their experience. For numerous and complex reasons, children find it difficult to ‘tell’; however, there are enabling factors that support children in this process. AimThe aim of this paper is to outline primary or elementary school teachers’ opinions on the enabling and hindering factors to children talking and telling about abuse in the school environment. MethodsA qualitative research study was undertaken in the Irish context with 21 primary school teachers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with all participants and as part of each interview, teachers elaborated on the barriers and facilitators which enable children to disclose abuse in the school environment. FindingsParticular barriers to children reporting in the school environment relate to how difficult it is for children to tell, the lack of meaningful collaboration between schools and the Child and Family Agency who have statutory responsibility in the Irish context for dealing with child protection reports and the lack of training available for teachers. Enablers to children telling in the school environment include the relationship of trust built between teacher and child and the implementation of a personal safety skills programme. ImplicationsThis research highlights that teachers can create the conditions that support children talking about abuse and they must be properly supported and adequately trained to support them in doing so.

Társadalmi felelősségvállalás a magyar felsőoktatásban: a Lorántffy Zsuzsanna Mentorprogram a Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetemen I.

The National University of Public Service is dedicated to social responsibility. One of its forms is volunteering, a cultural aspect that is lacking in the societal embedding in our country (Fejes, Kelemen és Szűcs, 2016). The study presents the results of an ongoing mentoring program at NUPS, where university members provided weekly subject tutoring online for residents of child protection centers in Transylvania. The primary goal of the program is to provide a form of compensation for disadvantages and psycho-social care through the establishment of personal connections (Baráth, 2016), aiding in the improvement of academic performance for underprivileged youth. In the long term, it aims to provide opportunities for the development of coping strategies that support participants in breaking through and achieving further success (Szőtsné és tsai, 2007). In the spring semester of the 2022/23 academic year, three children's homes had 36 students participating in the pilot phase of the program. After methodological training, 28 mentors provided assistance. Mentoring took place weekly in the requested subjects, including related study method counseling. Among the mentors were students, university lecturers, and functional staff, Continuous methodological counseling and experience exchange were provided. Each mentor kept a progress diary. At the end of the program, individual and focus group evaluations were conducted for all participant groups. The results of the pilot research are presented in two parts. The first presents the literature review and the academic background to the programme. The second paper will present the results of the research, the discussion and further steps planned.

Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Under-Five Years Children and Associated Factors in Sokoto, State, Nigeria

Introduction Harmful traditional practices violate and negatively affect the physical, psychological well-being and right of women and children. Nigeria has the third highest absolute number of women and girls who have undergone Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) worldwide. Aims To assess the harmful traditional practices on the under-five years children and associated factors in Sokoto, State, Nigeria. Methods A community based cross sectional study that was conducted in Sokoto State, Nigeria on 320 mothers of under-five year children from 1st January-31st March 2021. The study participants were selected using multi stage sampling method, after proportionate allocation of sample size, systematic random sampling method was used to get the study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on harmful traditional practices from the mothers of the eligible children. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Results The mean age of the children was 22.5 ± 17.7 months, there were 199(62.2%) males and 121(37.8%) females, and male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Eighty (25.0%) of the under five-year children were circumcised by traditional healers, 189(59.1%) had traditional uvulectomy, 86(28.9%) had female genital mutilation, while 11(3.4%) had scarification marks. The respondent’s educational status (p = 0.008) and (p = 0.001) were factors associated with the practice of FGM and circumcision respectively. Conclusion Harmful traditional practices are still prevalent in Sokoto. Government at all levels should embark on awareness creation programs on the dangers of these harmful traditional practices through mass media, schools, traditional leaders and religious places. Child protection laws should be implemented to curtail these harmful practices.

Study of Hematological Parameters of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis in Wasit Governorate

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate some hematological parameters in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children who are on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is characterized by its irreversibility. Deterioration of kidney function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal function illness. Over the past two decades, the incidence of CKD in children has increased Steady increase. The major health consequences of CKD include not only progression to kidney failure, but also increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted in the dialysis unit of Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Wasit governorate and the Child Protection Teaching Hospital -Medical City in Baghdad. During the period from November 2023 to April 2024. This study aimed to examination of risk factors (height, weight, age, sex, inheritance of the disease in the family, medical history, symptoms of the disease, other diseases, treatment methods) for CKD in general. The biochemical effect was also studied and blood indicators for patients on HD and PD purpose. For the purpose of studying the hematological of patients undergoing dialysis and comparing those results with their values ​​in both HD and PD. This study was done on (80) Iraqi children (30) of them suffering from kidney failure and (50) of them was healthy with age range (1 day -17) years old. HD was performed for 22 children with CKD, and PD was performed for 8 patients with CKD. This study involved dividing patients into three Groups according to the age at which the disease begins, from (1 day-5 years), (6-11) years and (12-17) years, included 15 females and 15 males. Samples were collected based on the incidence of CKD and type of treatment, as well as the diagnosis of all patients according to international standard by the physician. The results of our study with regard to the hematological of patients undergoing PD showed a significant increase in the levels of (WBC) p ≤ 0.05 and also showed a significant decrease in the levels of (RBC, Hb, PCV, ESR) p ≤ 0.05. a non-significant increase in TSH levels p ≥ 0.05. The results of our study with regard to the hematological parameters of patients on HD showed a significant increase in the levels of (ESR) p ≤ 0.05 and a significant decrease in the levels of (WBC, RBC, PCV, Hb) p ≤ 0.05.

Child-like sex dolls: legal, empirical, and ethical perspectives.

The review deals with the controversy surrounding the use of highly realistic dolls with a child-like appearance. It summarizes recent empirical findings and provides an overview of the different legal and ethical perspectives on this issue. Countries use different legal approaches to regulate the use or sale of child-like sex dolls. Although a causal link is assumed by some legislators between the prohibition of such dolls and the protection of children from sexual abuse, empirical studies do not support this causality. The imposition of bans will hinder empirical research on the potential use of alternative sexual outputs for people with paraphilic disorders.

Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 and its scope of application on the protection of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children

Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 and its scope of application on the protection of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children

Diminishing their voice through choice? How ‘self-placing’ in out-of-home care affects children and young people’s participation in decision-making

ABSTRACT In liberal welfare states, legislation acknowledges the State’s responsibilities to uphold specific rights when meeting the care and protection needs of children and young people (CYP) placed in out-of-home care (OOHC). In Queensland (Australia), where this study was conducted, the State’s child protection legislation was recently amended to reinforce CYP’s right to participate in decisions about their lives whilst in OOHC. Whilst most CYP in OOHC stay in approved foster/kinship or residential placements, there are some who leave approved OOHC placements to stay in unapproved locations (e.g. family/friend’s houses or the streets). The term ‘self-placing’ signifies this phenomenon in Queensland, although this terminology is contested. Those who self-place are disconnected from support and experience increased vulnerability including homelessness and criminalisation, as well as barriers to education, income support, and health care. This paper draws on interview data from 11 CYP with experiences of self-placing in OOHC. We report specifically on the: reasons they left approved placements; extent to which their voices were considered by formal systems; and practices that enabled them to feel they had a voice in the decisions that impact on them. Implications of these findings for enhancing the safety, connection, and wellbeing of this cohort are discussed.

“Somebody has to be crazy about that kid”: Speculating on the transformative recordkeeping potential of the caring corporate parent

Just as archival scholarship has increasingly engaged in conversations around care and holistic considerations of the agency of records subjects, the child welfare systems of the modern Western world have been moving towards conversations that aim to centre and celebrate the voice of the child in new and important ways. However, too often are these conversations held back by the enormity of the issue and the overhaul that would have to take place for philosophy to match with practice. In this paper, I suggest that part of the problem is that we have been trying to make these changes philosophy first, placing a new way of thinking on top of an old way of doing—an approach that will never generate change. Leaning in to using speculation to imagine what the new recordkeeping of a caring system might look like, I propose that the act of recordkeeping is the fulcrum that could make caring child welfare a reality and illustrate some of the avenues through which we might pursue instigating the systemic changes needed if we are to see the agency and perspectives of children prioritised in child welfare and protection practices.

Ювенальна превенція в Україні: функціональні особливості в період воєнного стану

It was found that Ukraine has ratified and implements the norms of international legislation related to the protection of children’s rights, in particular, by means of criminal law. The activity of juvenile prevention bodies in Ukraine is extremely important in the conditions of martial law for the implementation of the principles of international humanitarian law regarding the safety of childhood and national norms for the protection of the fundamental rights of the child. Juvenile prevention bodies concentrate their activities on the prevention of offenses committed by children, on the detection, termination and disclosure of criminal offenses committed by children on the basis of measures provided for by current legislation. It was emphasized that it is important to identify the reasons and conditions that contribute to the commission of offenses by minors and, within the limits of their competence, to stop and eliminate illegal acts. Very often, the main work is carried out on the basis of the fact that minors have committed an offense. For a person who is just forming his life values and determining the directions of self-realization, it is important to focus on legitimate self-determination. In this process, preventive activities and cooperation of educational institutions, families and representatives of law enforcement agencies, juvenile police are important. It is noted that today in Ukraine, an important area of activity of juvenile police representatives is work with children who are internally displaced persons. Such minors may more often become involved in illegal activities due to the fact that they are in a state of stress associated with a change in their usual living conditions. Offenders can take advantage of the child’s condition and involve himin illegal activities both directly and through social networks. Attention is focused on the fact that wartime realities prove the importance of enhanced protection of childhood and motherhood in Ukraine, as well as the need for competent authorities to actively work with minors to preserve their lives and health, because today law enforcement agencies are faced with new problems related to the violation children’s rights, which are caused by active hostilities, illegal removal of children to the territory of Russia, loss of relatives and housing by minors, their involvement in illegal activities, in particular, in the temporarily occupied territories.