Child Perceptions Questionnaire Research Articles

Influence of malocclusion on OHRQoL in adolescents in initial orthodontic treatment phase.

Besides correcting malocclusions, another main objective of orthodontic treatment is to improve patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to assess changes in OHRQoL of children within the first six months of orthodontic therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. 85 patients aged 11 to 14 years requiring fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were included. The children completed the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G-11-14) before (T0), 1 month (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the start of orthodontic treatment. The type of malocclusion was categorized according to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The initial type of malocclusion affected the children's OHRQoL, whereas gender and age did not. The IOTN dental health component (DHC) had a significant impact on the CPQ score (median CPQ of 15.00 for the group DHC 4 vs. 22.50 for DHC 5, p = 0.032). The onset of orthodontic treatment initially affected the CPQ domains "Oral symptoms" and "Functional limitations, with a change versus baseline of 2.00 (p = 0.001), but improved again after 6 months. Regression analysis demonstrated that children with an IOTN DHC 5 malocclusion experienced a greater impact on their ORHQoL, as indicated by a CPQ score 7.35 points higher than that of children with an IOTN DHC 4 malocclusion (p = 0.015). At the beginning of orthodontic treatment, the OHRQoL slightly worsens, probably due to the discomfort and appearance of the appliances. However, 6 months after the start of orthodontic treatment, OHRQoL improved again in patients with severe malocclusion (IOTN 4 and 5), and approached baseline values. The results help the clinician to better understand specific aspects of oral health that may be affected by different malocclusions, thereby improving the child's satisfaction and overall quality of life.

Association between dental clinical measures and oral health-related quality of life among Iraqi schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental clinical measures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) together with the potential mediating role of sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviours on this association in a group of Iraqi children. The target population for this cross-sectional study consisted of 372 primary school children aged 8-10 years in the city of Kut, Iraq, during the year 2022. The participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Detailed information about the children was collected through a comprehensive questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors, the Arabic version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8-10-year-olds (CPQ8-10), and parental knowledge regarding oral health. Additionally, clinical dental evaluations were conducted, which included assessments of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS, dmfs) as well as teeth (DMFT, dmft). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the community periodontal index (CPI) were also recorded for each participant using the recommended methodology by the World Health Organization (WHO). The statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and simple and multiple linear regressions. The mean age of the children was 9.0 (± 0.82) years. About one-third of children reported brushing at least two times per day and consuming a sweet snack once a day. Visiting a dentist during the past year was reported by 21% of children. Oral health behaviours demonstrated a significant association with the total CPQ8-10 scores (p < 0.001). Based on adjusted effects (β and 95% CI) from the multiple linear regressions, untreated dental caries (dt > 0, DT > 0) had a negative impact on the total CPQ8-10 score (adjusted β = 2.3 (95% CI: 0.67 to 3.91) and 3.4 (95% CI: 2.14 to 4.56), respectively). Decayed surfaces (DS), and teeth (DT) were associated with the total score of the CPQ8-10 and all its subscales (adjusted β range = 0.1 (95% C.I.: 0.03 to 0.19)-1.0 (95% CI: 0.72 to 1.26) and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.004 to 0.40)-1.2 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.67), respectively). There was an association between oral hygiene index and total CPQ8-10 scores (adjusted β = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.62 to 3.02)), especially the functional limitations and emotional well-being subscales. Findings of this study emphasizes the negative impact of dental caries and poor oral hygiene on children's OHRQoL. This association is highlighted more when considering that over two-thirds of these children do not comply with favourable levels of oral health behaviour. Enhancing the level of OHRQoL among these children, therefore, necessitates comprehensive programs for decreasing the volume of unmet oral health needs and improving children's adherence to recommended oral health behaviours.

Pathway analysis between dental caries and oral health-related quality of life in the transition from childhood to adolescence: a 10-year cohort study.

To evaluate the direct and indirect pathways between cavitated carious lesionsand oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) during the transition from childhood to adolescence. A prospective cohort study followed an initial sample of 639 children (one to five years old), in southern Brazil for ten years. In addition to the baseline (T1), two subsequent reassessments were conducted after seven (T2) and ten years (T3). OHRQoL was measured through the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14), according to the age group. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in the three waves. Socioeconomic variables and other factors related to oral health (frequency of toothbrushing and toothache) were also collected. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the variables over ten years. A total of 449 and 429 children were reevaluated at T2 and T3 (positive response rates of 70.3% and 67.1%, respectively). Dental caries in T1 and T2 directly predicted the occurrence of a worse OHRQoL in the respective follow-up periods. Dental caries at T3 indirectly predicted a worse OHRQoL (T3), via toothache. Dental caries at T1 and T2 directly predicted the occurrence of dental caries at T3, while a worse OHRQoL at T2 directly predicted a worse OHRQoL at T3. Dental caries negatively impacts, directly and indirectly, the OHRQoL from early childhood to adolescence.

Oral health-related quality of life, adaptation/discomfort during open bite treatment with spurs: complementary analysis from a randomized clinical trial

This single-center trial aimed to longitudinally compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), adaptation and discomfort during anterior open bite (AOB) treatment with lingual spurs and build-ups (SBU) versus spurs only (S) approaches. Children (7–11 years) with AOB were randomly allocated into two treatment groups (SBU or S). The Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8–10) was applied 1 and 12 months after installation of the appliances. Questionnaires evaluating functional adaptation and discomfort during the first month of treatment were also applied. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used in these questionnaires. Generalized mixed models were used for analyzing OHRQOL and discomfort data. Generalized linear models were used to assess adaptation outcomes (α = 0.05). The SBU group included 24 patients (7 males and 17 females; mean age 8.2 years) and the S group included 25 patients (11 males and 14 females; mean age 8.3 years). Regardless of the treatment type, overall OHRQOL scores at 12 months were 0.69 times those recorded at 1 month after the appliances installation (i.e., ~ 31% reduction; exp (β) = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.88). A significant interaction between treatment and time was detected for the ‘functional limitations’ domain. For this domain, a significant improvement from the first to the twelfth month was observed in the S group (P < 0.001). Patients in both treatment groups showed similar and easy adaptation to the appliances. Independent of the type of treatment, tongue-related discomfort decreased over time. One week and one month after the appliance’s delivery, the discomfort scores were 0.19 (i.e., ~ 81% reduction; exp (β) = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.28; P < 0.001) and 0.02 (i.e., ~ 98% reduction; exp (β) = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07; P < 0.001) times, respectively, those issued immediately after the installation of the appliances. Regardless of treatment type; overall OHRQOL improved from the first to the twelfth month of AOB treatment. The functional limitations score decreased in the S group. Children showed easy adaptation, and their discomfort decreased 1 week after the installation of the appliances.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03702881, date of registration: October 11, 2018.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Italian Children and Adolescents Living with Bone Dysplasia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bone dysplasia (BD) refers to a group of rare disorders characterized by skeletal and dental anomalies which may negatively influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of BD on OHRQoL in Italian children and adolescents and to assess whether gender and age influence their OHRQoL. A total of 40 patients with BD and 40 age- and gender-matched controls (aged 8-14 years) were asked to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), and the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (SF-CPQ). Children with BD showed statistically significant lower overall scores of all the questionnaires than the controls (all p < 0.001), with the largest differences being detected in overall symptoms, functional well-being, and social well-being domains. While no statistically significant gender-related differences were observed, adolescents aged 11-14 years experienced worse perception in the emotional and social well-being SSF-CPQ domains (p = 0.042 and p = 0.045, respectively) and in the peer interaction COHIP domain (p = 0.011) compared to the younger age group. Based on these findings, children suffering from BD experience poorer OHRQoL than their healthy peers, suggesting that oral and dental issues may be of special importance for the socio-psychological well-being of these growing individuals.

The impact of craniofacial and dental osteogenesis imperfecta manifestations on oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents.

Craniofacial and oral manifestations of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) can affect the functioning of the stomatognathic system and impact the patient's quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between craniofacial and oral manifestations and the Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of OI children and adolescents. A total of 30 OI patients aged eight to fourteen years old followed up at the Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases were enrolled in the research. OHRQoL was assessed using the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) for eight to ten-year-olds (CPQ8-10) and 11 to 14-year-olds (CPQ11-14). The relationship between the OHRQoL index and its assessment domains, OI types, and the presence of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), class III malocclusion, and dental agenesis were evaluated. The median CPQ score of patients was 5, and there was no significant difference in OHRQoL between children and adolescents, nor associated with the disease severity or the presence of DI. The oral manifestations evaluated did not directly impact the patients' OHRQoL. The study demonstrated that the perception of OHRQoL is similar for both adolescents and children. The oral symptom was the most relevant domain for the index among patients aged eight to fourteen years while the emotional well-being was the most impacted. this study makes contributions by indicating that addressing dental care for children and adolescents with OI is important in clinical management and better OHRQoL for this population.

Tobacco use and oral health related quality of life among Indian adolescents.

The present study was conducted to assess tobacco use and its effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Indian adolescents. The present study was conducted on 1,600 13-14 year old adolescents from the schools of Modinagar, western Uttar Pradesh, India selected using stratified random sampling technique. OHRQoL was assessed using Hindi version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Information regarding demographic, socioeconomic and oral health measures was also collected from the study participants. Tobacco use was assessed through questions derived from Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire. Influence of predictor variables on tobacco use was evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression model. The tobacco use among the study population was 8.1 % and CPQ scores were 9.15±0.32. Adolescents who used tobacco had worse OHRQoL scores. Low socioeconomic status, presence of dental caries, absence of regular dental visits (last 6months) were associated with increased regular consumption of tobacco products. The findings of the present study play an important role in planning public health strategies to improve adolescent OHRQoL and reduce tobacco use.

Assessment of Children and "Young" Adult Patients' Quality of Life after Prosthetic Treatment of Disorders of the Craniofacial Region-A Retrospective Study.

Prosthetic rehabilitation for children and juvenile patients with congenital or acquired craniofacial disorders is the area of activity of many clinicians and is a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for dentists. Studies were carried out on a group of 30 patients (10 female and 20 male) aged 2.5 to 30 years who were treated prosthetically due to congenital and acquired craniofacial disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life using the CPQ 11-14 (Child Perception Questionnaire 11-14), OQLQ (Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire), and PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire). Before the prosthetic treatments, the mean values in the individual questionnaires were, respectively, CPQ 11-14-54 points; OQLQ-44.4 points; and PIDAQ-47.6 points. The following values were obtained after the treatments: CPQ 11-14-12.43 points; OQLQ-22.27 points; and PIDAQ-34.03 points. All obtained differences were statistically significant. The total numerical results obtained in all questionnaires decreased, which means that prosthetic rehabilitation had a positive impact on the assessment of the quality of life based on individual categories.

Correlation between general quality of life and oral health related quality in the mixed dentition.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the convergence between the domains of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image (AUQUEI) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) in the mixed dentition. A sample of 676 children aged 8 to 10 years responded to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires using the AUQUEI and the CPQ8-10, respectively. Clinical (dental caries and malocclusion) and socioeconomic variables were assessed. The validity of convergence between scores (total and per domain) of the two instruments was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, considering that non-zero coefficient values represented a correlation between scores. The median was calculated to compare the scores of each questionnaire relative to the variables, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine statistically significant differences between the categories. A weak significant correlation (between 0.30 and 0.50) was observed between the domains and the total scores of instruments (p < 0.05), except for the leisure domain (p > 0.05). Participants with a lower family income had worse HRQoL (p < 0.05), and those with caries and malocclusion experience had worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10 instruments showed a weak correlation. Income and clinical variables had a negative impact on the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10, respectively.

Molar incisor hypomineralization and oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian children: A narrative review of current evidence

The aim of this narrative review was to explore the association between Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life (OHRQoL) in Brazilian children aged 8-10 years. The study was developed considering the PRISMA guidelines (2020). Five databases were consulted to identify potential studies that used clinical parameters for the detection of MIH; and (b) studies that described aspects of the experience and severity of MIH; (c) records that adopted instruments recommended in the literature to explore OHRQoL in children, according to their respective age groups. The risk of bias of the included studies was analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies. Of the 155 initially found, three were included. Of these, two were cross-sectional and one was a case-control study. The diagnosis of MIH was made according to the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, and OHRQoL was identified using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). The qualitative synthesis of the findings shows that no statistically significant association was identified between MIH and OHRQoL. Only the "oral symptoms domain" of the CPQ8-10 was associated with MIH. The studies were classified as having a low risk of bias (mean: 6.6★/7★). Thus, this study concluded that no significant association was identified between MIH and OHRQoL in Brazilian children. However, MIH may have a negative effect on the perception of oral symptoms in this population group.

Impact of maxillary incisor trauma on child psychology in patients with Class II Div 1 malocclusion in urban population of India

Traumatic injuries to maxillary incisors can occur at any age, but its prevalence is high among children. Earlier studies also suggested that patients with increased overjet and lip incompetence were more prone to have trauma to maxillary incisors. The effect of Traumatic dental injuries is not only physical damage but also psychological damage as aesthetic issues are involved. Measures of oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) provide essential information when assessing the treatment needs of individuals and populations. A total of 300 patients with age group 11-14 years with Class II div 1 malocclsion were included in the study. Patients were further subdivider into three group depending upon the severity of maxillary incisal trauma and no trauma group, further to that the psychological evaluation of all the patients were done using short-form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire to ascertain the impact of oral health conditions (incisal trauma) on their quality-of-life. Mean functional limitation score was lowest for group 1 and highest with group 3 with 0.46, 0.626 and 4.191.405 respectively. Mean emotional wellbeing score was lowest in group 1 and highest in group 3 with 1.381.14 and 6.101.46 respectively Overall statistically significant differences were found between three groups w.r.t oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing with p=0.001.Traumatic dental injury to maxillary incisors is associated with significant impairment of functionality and significant psychological implications with overall CPQ index scoring being highest in patients with more severe maxillary incisor trauma.

QUALITE DE VIE ET SANTE BUCCODENTAIRE DES ENFANTS PORTEURS DE HANDICAP AGES DE 8 A 14 ANS : ETUDE TRANSVERSALE AU CENTRE D’EDUCATION ET DE READAPTATION POUR ENFANTS DEFICIENTS PHYSIQUES « TALIBOU DABO » DE DAKAR

objective: Oral pathologies have repercussions on the correct performance of activities of daily living and consequently on well-being and quality of life, particularly in subjects with disabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life in physically disabled children attending the education and rehabilitation center for physically disabled children “Talibou Dabo Centre” in Dakar.materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of disabled children aged 8 to 14 attending the “Talibou Dabo” Center was carried out. A clinical oral examination was carried out, followed by an assessment of oral health-related quality of life using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-14ans). results: A total of 48 children aged 8 to 14 with a mean age of 10.43 years ±1,809 were included. The prevalence of caries was 56.25% and the mean mixed DMF was 2.4±2.7. Plaque control was good in 6.25% of children. Most children (89.6%) had bleeding on probing. The mean CPQ was 15.8±8.4 with a median of 11. Oral symptoms were infrequent (CPQ=3,73), as well as functional limitation (CPQ=3,36), emotional well-being was moderately affected (CPQ=5,52) and social well-being was minimally affected (CPQ=3,19). There was no correlation between oral health, disability and quality of life.Conclusion: The mean CPQ score for all domains combined was low, indicating that disability has no impact on oral health-related quality of life in this category of the population.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adolescents in the First 6 Months of Fixed Orthodontic Therapy

Clarification on disabilities that may arise during orthodontic treatment allows patients to have more realistic expectations. This prospective study assessed the impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on adolescents’ quality of life over 6 months. A total of 78 adolescents aged 11–17 years were included. Quality of life was measured using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14, short form) at five moments: before treatment (T0), one week (T1), one month (T2), three months (T3), and six months (T4) after treatment initiation. Multiple and pairwise comparisons were conducted for CPQ11–14 scores (Friedman and Wilcoxon test; effect size). Changes in the quality of life were assessed as mean differences (T0–T1 and T0–T4) in total and domain scores (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test) (α = 5%). Significant differences were observed between T0 and T4 in the oral symptoms’ domain (p &lt; 0.001), and between T0 and T1, T2, T3, and T4 for emotional well-being (p &lt; 0.001 for all). Significant differences in impact were also found between T0 and T2, T3, and T4 with regard to social well-being (p = 0.004, =0.049, and &lt;0.001, respectively). Orthodontic therapy positively impacted the emotional and social aspects of adolescents’ quality of life. Negative effects were primarily related to pain, mouth sores, and difficulty biting or chewing. Understanding the symptoms and feelings of orthodontic patients aids professionals in decision-making.

Quality of Life in Children with Skeletal Malocclusion after Myofunctional Therapy—A Questionnaire Study

Abstract Objectives Growing children with jaw discrepancies, particularly in the anterior region, may require orthodontic management to improve aesthetics, oral health, and dental function. Growing children with skeletal malocclusions self-perception of his or her current oral health status and its impact on his or her quality of life are of prime importance that is often neglected. Hence, this study aims to compare emotional and social wellness in children with skeletal malocclusion before and after myofunctional therapy through a prevalidated child perception questionnaire (CPQ). Materials and Methods Fifty young growing patients with skeletal or dental malocclusion between the age group of 8 and 13 years were included in this study. A preoperative close-ended CPQ 8 to 10 and CPQ 11 to 14 questionnaires were given to the selected children to assess their social and emotional status due to malocclusion. A postoperative close-ended CPQ 8 to 10 and CPQ 11 to 14 questionnaire were given to assess any psychosocial improvement in children after myofunctional therapy. Results An overall improvement was shown in social and emotional well-being of the children using the CPQ, which clearly indicates that growing children with skeletal malocclusion needs to get themselves corrected at the earliest so that their quality of life improves and they become more confident in the society. Conclusions Myofunctional therapy has a positive impact in quality of life of children with skeletal malocclusion by enhancing their social and emotional wellness

Reliability and validity of the Child Perception Questionnaire 8 ~ 10 (CPQ8~10) in China: an instrument for measuring oral health-related quality of life among 8-10-year-old children.

Children aged 8-10 are in a critical stage of growth and development, facing complex and specific oral health problems. In China, there is no specific assessment questionnaire for this age group. The Child Perception Questionnare 8 ~ 10 (CPQ8~10) has been widely used in many countries, with good reliability and validity. This study aimed to translate the CPQ8~10 into Chinese and assess its reliability and validity, and ascertain its applicability for 8-10-year-old children in China. Brislin's translation model was used in developing the Chinese version of CPQ8~10. Internal consistency, retest reliability, criterion validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 among 494 8 ~ 10-year-old children in China. A Chinese version of the CPQ8~10, aligned with Chinese culture and social features, was developed. The criterion validity was 0.719 (P < 0.001). The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) for the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 were 0.80 ~ 1.00 and 0.968, respectively. Factor analysis revealed a logical relationship among the items in the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10. The Cronbach's α coefficient, retest reliability, and Guttman split-half reliability coefficient for the Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 were 0.819, 0.830, and 0.849, respectively. The Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 exhibited a structure consistent with the original questionnaire, displaying good reliability and validity. This study facilitates the application of CPQ8~10 in China. The Chinese version of the CPQ8~10 is a brief and suitable tool to evaluate oral health-related quality of life of 8 ~ 10-year-old children.

Association of children's oral health and school environment on academic performance in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if children's oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were associated with school performance. Moreover, the study aimed to examine whether school environment factors influenced this association. This cross-sectional study was based on a population-based sample of 998 12-year-old schoolchildren from 31 public schools in Quito, Ecuador. Trained and calibrated examiners conducted clinical exams for dental caries, dental trauma and malocclusion. Furthermore, children completed the Spanish version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14 ), and their parents answered questions about socio-economic status. School coordinators provided information on the physical environment, promotion of health practices and the occurrence of negative episodes in the school. There were three outcomes: grades obtained in Spanish language and mathematics and the number of missed school days. Multilevel linear and Poisson regression models were conducted using a hierarchical approach to include the variables guided by a previously created direct acyclic graph. Children with dental trauma and higher CPQ11-14 scores showed lower grades and school attendance. Schoolchildren from schools with episodes of vandalism had more school days missed. The school performance of 12-year-old children is affected by dental trauma and by a worse OHRQoL, as well as a negative school environment. Therefore, supportive environments and promoting health measures in schools could overcome this worse academic performance in children with oral health problems.

Sociodemographic disparities in oral health-related quality of life of schoolchildren in rural and urban areas.

To assess the association between residence place, socioeconomic conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren from southern Brazil. Participants were 9-14-year-old schoolchildren from rural and urban municipal schools from Rosário do Sul, Brazil. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. A structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic condition (family income), residence place (urban or rural), use of dental services, and behavioral variables. Clinical oral examination recorded the presence of missing teeth and the gingival bleeding index. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis with a hierarchical approach assessed the association between predictors and CPQ11-14 scores. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. A total of 373 schoolchildren were included (rural area=122; urban area=251), with a mean CPQ11-14 score of 11.83, ranging from 0 to 42. Low-income schoolchildren living in rural areas had 15% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income schoolchildren living in urban areas. In urban areas, family income predicted OHRQoL, with low-income schoolchildren having 9% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income children. In rural areas, schoolchildren with low household income had 19% higher CPQ11-14 scores than high-income children. Schoolchildren from low-income families had a poorer OHRQoL irrespective of their area of residence (rural or urban). The association between family income and OHRQoL was more pronounced among children living in rural areas.

Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life in adolescent: Case report

This case report aimed to describe the impact of malocclusion in oral health in the quality of life in a patient in adolescence. During the anamnesis, the patient reported being ashamed to smile due to the condition of her teeth and that she was bullying at school. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-11- 14) was applied before and after 7 months of treatment

Perception of facial and dental asymmetries and their impact on oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of facial and dental asymmetries in children and adolescents and how these asymmetries affect their psychosocial and emotional well-being. The study included 66children and adolescents (7-15years) with adeviation between the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines of > 0.5 mm. The soft tissues of the face were scanned using stereophotogrammetry. Psychosocial and emotional impairments were assessed using the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G8-10 and 11-14). The mean midline deviation of the study group was 2.3 mmwith no significant gender differences. Girls perceived facial asymmetry significantly more often than boys (p < 0.01). However, stereophotogrammetry showed no significant differences in facial morphology between subjects who perceived their face as asymmetrical and those who perceived it as symmetrical. Interestingly, we observed asignificant correlation between the deviation of the dental midline and the lateral displacement of gonion (p < 0.05) and cheilion (p < 0.01). Psychosocial and emotional impairment was significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation with the measured facial asymmetries. In contrast, the CPQ subscale score was 2.68points higher in individuals with adental midline shift ≥ 3 mm (p < 0.01), independent of age and gender. Although girls perceived facial asymmetries more strongly than boys do, this perception could not be objectified by extraoral measurements. Amidline shift of 3 mm or more had anegative impact on the oral health-related quality of life of affected children and adolescents.

The impact of orthodontic treatment on a young person’s quality of life, esthetics, and self-esteem in hypodontia: A longitudinal study

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on a young person's oral health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and esthetics concerning hypodontia. A prospective longitudinal hospital-based study recruited 97 participants with hypodontia, aged 11-18 years. Forty-one participants (42%) originally planned to have space closure and the remainder space opening, with subsequent prosthetic replacement. The following questionnaires were completed before and after orthodontic treatment: the child perception questionnaire, Bristol condition-specific questionnaire for hypodontia (BCSQ), the child health questionnaire, and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). The Wilcoxon and matched pairs t tests approach was applied to compare before and after orthodontic treatment for significant testing (P<0.05). Fifteen participants were lost to follow-up, resulting in 82 participants completing orthodontic treatment, with an average age of 13.8 ± 1.71 years. A total of 282 teeth were missing in the sample. Treatment resulted in significantly lower indexes (P<0.001) to overall BCSQ, OASIS, appearance, and how others would treat them. In comparing the 2 subgroups, those treated with space closure had significantly reduced functional limitations (child perception questionnaire), appearance concerns, self-esteem (child health questionnaire), OASIS, and overall BCSQ scores. Orthodontic treatment in participants with hypodontia appears to significantly impact a range of psychological and esthetic scales. In particular, space closure appears to significantly improve the quality of life of participants compared with those undergoing space opening.