Child Oral Health Impact Profile Research Articles

The prevalence of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMalocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases and may cause deterioration in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion by gender and its impact on quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old children in Shanghai.MethodsThis study summarizes the data obtained in the Shanghai Oral Health Epidemiological Survey conducted in 2019. Random cluster sampling was used to select students in Shanghai. A total of 1591 12-year-old children and 747 15-year-old children were included. Each student underwent an oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was adopted to measure the objective severity of malocclusion and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) was applied to evaluate quality of life of schoolchildren. Comparisons of COHIP scores were performed among different treatment needs and difficulties by t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsNo significant difference was found between genders except that the prevalence of deep overbite in 12-year-old boys (1.11 ± 0.95) was significantly higher than that in girls (0.93 ± 0.88) while the prevalence of crossbite among 12-year-old girls (26%) is significantly higher than boys (20%). Malocclusion in 15-year-old children was descended compared with 12-year-old. 15-year-old students demonstrates larger impact of malocclusion on oral health than 12-year-old group except self-image. Health impacts (COHIP) increase significantly as the malocclusion becomes severer except self-image in 12-year-old group.ConclusionsIn Shanghai, the severity of malocclusion in 15-year-old children was less than 12-year-old children. Malocclusion has greater influence on oral health of 15-year-old children than 12-year-old children. Severer malocclusion generally correlates with higher level of oral health impacts in schoolchildren.

Assessment of psychosocial parameters in adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and the motivation for seeking orthodontic treatment among adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 102 adolescents (ages 11–18) whose malocclusion was rated using 3 occlusal indices: IOTN, DAI, and PAR. The participants answered three structured questionnaires selected to measure Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) through the short form of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), the patient's perceived impact related to orthodontics through the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and self-esteem through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Independent two-tailed t-tests, one-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman's correlations were used to test various associations.ResultsPatients with higher malocclusion scores displayed increased psychosocial impact with weak to moderate correlations (0.2 < r < 0.3; p < 0.05), but 98% wished their teeth looked better, and 70% were unhappy about their smile esthetics. The IOTN esthetic component AC was better associated with psychosocial implications of malocclusion (p < 0.01). Self-motivated patients (over 80%) had higher impactful psychosocial scores than patients whose parents were motivated for treatment. Sex did not influence the findings. Older adolescents and bullied individuals were more affected by the psychological burden of malocclusion.ConclusionThe results indicate the prevalence of psychosocial and esthetic impacts of malocclusion over oral and functional problems. PIDAQ discriminated better than COHIP between varying degrees of dental aesthetics. The results suggest that the orthodontist should explore patients' expectations of treatment outcomes, not only the chief complaint.

Efficacy of modified anterior maxillary segmental distraction osteogenesis based on 3D visualisation for the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia among adolescents with cleft lip and palate

BackgroundThis study evaluates a three-dimensional (3D) visualisation design combined with customized surgical guides to assist anterior maxillary segmental distraction osteogenesis (AMSDO) in correcting maxillary hypoplasia in adolescents with cleft lip and palate (CLP), focusing on treatment outcomes, satisfaction and the validity of 3D planning.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single hospital in China. Between January 2020 and December 2023, 12 adolescents with CLP with maxillary hypoplasia were included. An advanced 3D simulation was used to convey the treatment strategy to the patients and their families. A customized surgical guide and distraction osteogenesis device were designed. Cephalometric analysis evaluated AMSDO changes and long-term stability. Patient satisfaction was assessed. The Chinese version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile was used to evaluate the children’s oral health-related quality of life before and after treatment. The postoperative outcomes were compared with the planned outcomes by superimposing the actual postoperative data onto the simulated soft tissue models and calculating the linear and angular differences between them.ResultsOne patient experienced postoperative gingivitis, yielding an 8.33% complication rate. Most patients (83.33%) were highly satisfied with the target position, with the rest content. Cephalometric analysis showed significant improvements in various indices post-traction. Quality-of-life scores significantly improved post-treatment. The discrepancies in facial soft tissue between the simulated and actual results were within clinically satisfactory ranges.ConclusionsDigitally designed surgical guides effectively treat maxillary hypoplasia in adolescents with CLP, ensuring stability, reducing complications, reducing dependency on operator experience, and enhancing satisfaction and health outcomes. Although the simulated results were clinically acceptable, it is important to inform patients of potential variations in the predicted soft tissue.

Evaluation of Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Bleeding Disorders

Abstract Background Oral bleeding is a common symptom for many inherited and acquired bleeding disorders in children. Understanding oral health and treatment needs of patients with bleeding disorders is necessary for patients' primary oral health prevention. Aim of the Work To evaluate the oral health problems in children with bleeding disorders both clinically and with child oral health related quality of life questionnaire score. To assess the effect of intervention (education and any necessary dental procedure) on the child oral health related quality of life questionnaire score. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients aged from (2-18 years), males represent n = 47 (67.1%), females n = 23 (32.9%). Inherited bleeding disorders represent n = 37 (52.9%) and acquired bleeding disorders represent n = 33 (47.1%). ITP n = 33 (47.1%), hemophilia A n = 27 (38.6%), Von Willebrand’s disease n = 7 (10%) and Glanzmann n = 3 (4.3%) and all subjected to full history taking, examination, dental health estimation, oral health education, dental management and replacement therapy as needed at baseline and after 6 months of follow up from October 2021 to April 2022. ITP bleeding score (ISTH SSC bleeding assessment tool) used to assess severity of ITP patients. Child oral health related quality of life and child oral health impact profile questionnaires were filled by patients/parents at base line and after 6 months follow up. Results The current study revealed that (57.1%) of patients have dental caries. Regarding oral hygiene status, (10%) of patients have poor oral hygiene. Regarding gingival health, (50%) of patients have moderate gingivitis and (11.4%) have severe gingivitis. Oral symptomatology, Psychological domain for child, Psychological domain for family, Social domain for child and Total oral health score were significantly affected more with long duration of disease (p-value =0.0005, 0.0015, 0.010, 0.022 and 0.0045 respectively). There was statistically significant improvement in oral health related quality of life questionnaire score after 6 months of follow up with total oral health score (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion Oral health was significantly affected among patients with acquired and inherited bleeding disorders. Oral health education and management had significant impact on oral health related quality of life scores after 6 months of follow up.

Quality of orthodontic care-Amulticenter cohort study in aGerman convenience sample : Part2: Cross-sectional patient-reported outcomes after orthodontic treatment.

In light of the growing interest in orthodontic care and its effectiveness in Germany, part2 of this multicenter cohort study evaluated patient-reported outcomes such as oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), oral hygiene habits, oral health beliefs, and potential influencing factors. Of 586 patients screened from seven German study centers, data from 343 patients were analyzed for this part of the study. At the end of their orthodontic treatment, study participants filled out aquestionnaire of either the German long version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G49) or the German short version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-19), depending on their age, as well as questions about their oral hygiene behavior and beliefs. Patient-, treatment- and occlusion-related factors were analyzed to account for potential influencing factors with regard to patients' OHRQoL after orthodontic treatment. In all, 222 study participants filled out the OHIP-based and 121 the COHIP-based questionnaire. The mean OHIP-G49 score was 12.68 and the mean OHIP-G14 score was 3.09; the mean COHIP-19 score was 6.52 (inverted score 69.48). For OHIP-G49 scores, anonsignificant trend towards ahigher score for male patients (14.45 vs 11.54; p = 0.061) was detected, while this trend was inverse for the COHIP-19 scores, i.e., female patients reported more impairment (total score 6.99 vs. 5.84; p = 0.099). Analyses suggested atrend towards better OHRQoL for patients who classified for the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index improvement rate group 'greatly improved' as well as for nonsmokers. Oral hygiene habits and beliefs after orthodontic treatment were estimated to be good. In this German cohort, OHRQoL proved to be good and was rather unimpaired after orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, self-reported oral hygiene behavior and oral health beliefs represented good health awareness.

Self-perceived oral health and orofacial aesthetics of cleft patients

PurposeTo evaluate the self-perceived oral health and aesthetics of the dentition and jaw in patients with different types of oral cleft, measured by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Additionally, to compare the results of the PROMs between cleft lip and or/palate (CL/P) patients and non-affected controls.Methods420 CL/P patients treated at the cleft team of the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, were included, and 138 non-cleft patients were recruited as control-group. Patient’s perceptions were retrospectively evaluated using the CLEFT-Q Teeth for dental aesthetics at ages 8, 12 and 22, CLEFT-Q Jaw for jaw aesthetics at ages 12 and 22, and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile—Oral Symptoms Subscale (COHIP-OSS) for oral health at ages 8 and 12. One-way ANOVA was used to compare differences in oral health and aesthetic perceptions among age-groups, cleft types, as well as between cases and controls.ResultsCL/P patients were significantly less satisfied than controls with their dental aesthetics (p = 0.001). CL/P patients reported significantly lower satisfaction on CLEFT-Q Teeth scores at ages 8 and 12, than at 22 years (p < 0.001). Patients with the most extensive cleft phenotype, Cleft Lip and Palate (CLAP), reported lowest satisfaction on the CLEFT-Q Teeth. No differences in perceptions of oral health nor in aesthetics of the jaw were found in the different cleft types, ages, nor in study versus control group.ConclusionThis study found differences in self-perceived dental aesthetics: CL/P patients are less satisfied than non-affected controls. CLAP patients are least satisfied, but satisfaction increases with age.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Italian Children and Adolescents Living with Bone Dysplasia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bone dysplasia (BD) refers to a group of rare disorders characterized by skeletal and dental anomalies which may negatively influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of BD on OHRQoL in Italian children and adolescents and to assess whether gender and age influence their OHRQoL. A total of 40 patients with BD and 40 age- and gender-matched controls (aged 8-14 years) were asked to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), and the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (SF-CPQ). Children with BD showed statistically significant lower overall scores of all the questionnaires than the controls (all p < 0.001), with the largest differences being detected in overall symptoms, functional well-being, and social well-being domains. While no statistically significant gender-related differences were observed, adolescents aged 11-14 years experienced worse perception in the emotional and social well-being SSF-CPQ domains (p = 0.042 and p = 0.045, respectively) and in the peer interaction COHIP domain (p = 0.011) compared to the younger age group. Based on these findings, children suffering from BD experience poorer OHRQoL than their healthy peers, suggesting that oral and dental issues may be of special importance for the socio-psychological well-being of these growing individuals.

Evaluation and recommendations of the oral health, oral function, and orofacial aesthetics-related measures of the ICHOM Standard Set for Cleft Lip and Palate

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of outcome measures for the orofacial domain included in the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Standard Set for Cleft Lip and Palate (ICHOM-SCS). In this multicentre study involving two cleft centres, suggestions to optimize the type and timing of outcome measures were made based on data and clinical experience. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (CLEFT-Q Jaw, Teeth, Eating/Drinking; Child Oral Health Impact Profile—Oral Symptoms Scale (COHIP-OSS)) and clinical outcome measures (caries experience and dental occlusion) data were collected retrospectively for age 5, 8, 10, 12, 19, and 22 years. The data were categorized by cleft type and analysed within and between age groups using Spearman correlation, the distribution of responses per item, a two-sample test for equality of proportions, and effect plots. Most correlations between PROMs and clinical outcome measures were weak (r < 0.5), suggesting PROMs and clinical outcome measures complement each other. The COHIP-OSS and CLEFT-Q Eating/Drinking barely detected problems in any patient category and are no longer recommended. A suitable alternative appears complex to find; outcomes of this study and the recent literature doubt an added value. Similar problems were found in the CLEFT-Q Jaw at time-point 12 years. Therefore, time-points 15 and 17 years are currently suggested.

Oral health-related quality of life and survival analysis after preventive and restorative treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralisation

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents, including information on restorative care, tooth sensitivity, as well as sociodemographic factors. Thirty-five patients aged between 7 and 17 years underwent a comprehensive oral examination. Severity of MIH was graded using the MIH Treatment Need Index (MIH-TNI), OHRQoL using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-19). Clinical quality of restorations was assessed according to modified FDI-criteria, tooth sensitivity using the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS). The mean age was 11.3 ± 3.0 years, 34% were female. On average, 6.9 ± 2.8 teeth were affected, 62,9% had hypersensitive teeth (SCASS ≥ 1). Eighty-nine percent of patients had received restorative care, with a mean of 3.3 ± 2.1 teeth restored, most often with composite, followed by fissure sealing. Nine percent of restorations failed by the FDI-criteria. Mean estimated survival times for success were 4.9 years (95% CI 3.5; 6.2) and 5.6 years (95% CI 5.0; 6.3) for fissure sealants and composite restorations, respectively. The mean COHIP-19 score was 64.3 ± 8.2 (max. possible score = 76). A higher severity of MIH-TNI correlated significantly with impaired OHRQoL (rs = − 0.38, p = 0.013). However, this was not mirrored in multiple regression analysis. Despite the high rate of restorative treatment with an acceptable failure rate, OHRQoL is reduced in children with MIH. Many teeth affected by MIH remain sensitive. Further studies are needed to assess the benefits of different restorative options.

Impact of Orofacial Clefts on Oral Health Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Survey Study in Saudi Arabia.

To evaluate the effect of facial clefts on the dental health quality of life of affected individuals, and to determine whether age and gender affect the oral health quality of life differently. The cross-sectional survey included 50 participants (32 females and 18 males) from the northern region of Saudi Arabia, using a reliable and validated questionnaire, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), which measured self-reported oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adults using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed, and results were considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. The highest scores in the oral health domain were related to bad breath and reluctance in speaking or reading aloud in class within the school environment domain, with mean scores of 3.44 ± 1.3 and 3.52 ± 1.2, respectively. Most patients showed apprehension regarding necessary dental treatments (mean = 1.44 ± 0.07). The study found a non-statistically significant difference in tooth discomfort between age groups (p = 0.092), with individuals aged from 20 to 29 experiencing higher levels of discomfort than other age groups surveyed. The two topics with the highest mean scores in the oral health domain and the school environment domain were bad breath and not wanting to speak or read aloud in class. Females reported more discomfort, and there was a substantial association between gender and tooth pain/sensitivity. Understanding the difficulties cleft patients face is crucial, as doing so will enable dentists to encourage and handle these issues more effectively.

Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on oral health-related quality of life in 8-10 years old children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its different severities on various aspects of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children between 8 and 10 years of age. The search terms were chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH. Potentially eligible studies involved the OHRQoL evaluation in 8-10 years old children with MIH. An electronic search of published studies was carried out in August 2022 on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. Of 130 papers retrieved initially, 21 were eligible to be included in the systematic review, of which 8 were excluded. The OHRQoL questionnaires used in the studies included Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) 8-10, Child Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire, and Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire. Nine studies using CPQ8-10 contributed to the meta-analysis. According to meta-analysis, the results revealed that in MIH children a significant increase was observed in the total score of CPQ 810 with the pooled mean of 15.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]:8.95-22.84; P-value = .001) and in oral symptoms, functional limitation and emotional well-being domains with the pooled means of 6.25 (95% CI:4.01-8.50; P-value = .001), 3.88 (95% CI:1.93-5.83; P-value = 0.001), and 3.24 (95% CI:0.96-5.52; P-value = .01), respectively. While the increase in social well-being with the pooled mean of 1.65 (95% CI: -0.47 to 3.76; P-value = .13) was not significant. Subgroup analysis based on MIH severity showed no significant difference in OHRQoL means for all variables. Suffering from MIH, negatively affected the total score and all domains of the CPQ 8-10 questionnaire, except for social well-being. Furthermore, different severities of MIH had no significant impact on OHRQoL in children.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Parental Perception of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Children: A Comparison of a Sample from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

OHRQoL was measured using a a validated Arabic version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP). Parents of children aged between 5 and 9 years were administered questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses were compared across the different domains of the questionnaire between the two countries using the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences were also tested between the parents of males and females separately in each city. The correlation of the COHIP scores with the age of the child was done using the Spearman's rho. No significant differences in overall COHIP scores were found between the parents in Riyadh and Kuwait City (p > 0.05). There were significant gender differences observed across domains in Kuwait (p = 0.030) but not in Riyadh (p = 0.295). There was also a significant negative correlation between the different COHIP domains in Kuwait but not Riyadh. There is a greater gender difference and age correlation of OHRQoL among the population studied in Kuwait City when compared to those in Riyadh.

Association between Intelligence Quotient Dental Anxiety and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

Determining the intelligence quotient (IQ) grades of children help in managing dental anxiety (DA) and maintaining the good oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). To assess the association between IQ, DA, and OHRQoL in children aged 10-11 years. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 202 children aged 10-11 years in the Southern part of Tamil Nadu, India. The IQ level, DA, and OHRQoL were measured using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and Child Oral Health Impact Profile Short Form (COHIP-SF) 19, respectively. Chi-squared test and Spearman rank order correlation test were used for analysis. The results revealed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05; r = -0.239) between IQ and OHRQoL. DA was negatively correlated with IQ (r = -0.093) and OHRQoL (r = -0.065), but it was not statistically significant. The gender-based comparison revealed no significant difference in the distribution of girls and boys within different grades of IQ levels (p = 0.74), DA (p = 0.29), and OHRQoL (p = 0.85). Children with higher IQ showed low OHRQoL scores. DA was negatively correlated with IQ and OHRQoL. Asokan S, PR GP, Mathiazhagan T, et al. Association between Intelligence Quotient Dental Anxiety and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):745-749.

Do the oral health–related quality of life and the magnitude of its association with malocclusion differ by developmental stages of schoolchildren?

As schoolchildren go through multiple developmental periods, their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) level may change over time. It is important to understand the association between malocclusion and OHRQOL in treatment planning for schoolchildren. This study aimed to examine OHRQOL and its association with malocclusion among schoolchildren at different developmental stages. Data from a representative sample of 2010 Korean schoolchildren aged 7-17 years were analyzed. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, and their orthodontic treatment needs were assessed by a dentist. OHRQOL was measured using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP). Higher COHIP scores indicate better OHRQOL. The mean age of the sample was 11.9 ± 2.5 years, and slightly more boys (53.0%) were in the sample. The total COHIP score (P<0.001) and 4 subscale scores (P<0.01) were lower in older age groups. Compared with those who needed orthodontic treatment, children with no and borderline orthodontic treatment needs were 1.9 times (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.4) and 1.5 times (OR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.1) more likely to have a higher COHIP score, respectively. The degree of association varied across age groups: a larger effect was found in the oldest group (aged 15 years) (OR, 4.1) than in younger groups (ORs, 1.5-2.2). OHRQOL and the magnitude of its association with malocclusion varied by age among schoolchildren, particularly in functional and social-emotional well-being. Given the variation, schoolchildren's developmental stages should be considered in treatment planning.

A self-reported cross-sectional study on the oral function and the quality of life in children with stunted growth.

Failure to catch up with growth in toddlerhood will stunt elementary school children, which continues to cognitive decline and oral motor coordination. Verbal motor skills play an essential role in the oral function of the stomatognathic system, which includes mastication, swallowing, and speech. Therefore, early attention to oral function disorders of the stomatognathic system can avoid complications in children's nutritional status and quality of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation of oral function of the stomatognathic system with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in stunting children. This cross-sectional study correlates with 58 children aged 7-12 years with a history of stunting in toddlerhood from the Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency. The oral function of the stomatognathic system was evaluated by Adapted Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol and OHRQoL with Child Oral Health Impact Profile Short Form (COHIP-SF 19). The results were statistically analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and Kendall's coefficient of concordance correlation tests. The results showed that the research subjects had a significant relationship in each variable and the three variables of the oral function of the stomatognathic system (chewing, swallowing, and speech) with OHRQoL with a p-value <0.05. The study concluded that the oral function of the stomatognathic system (chewing, swallowing, and speech) is related to OHRQoL in children with stunted growth.

Influence of Cleft Lip and Palate on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Northern Italy: Exploring Both the Children's and Caregivers' Perspectives.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether parents/caregivers' perceptions of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) differ from that of their cleft children, exploring the impact of demographic variables and cleft type on their agreement. Fifty-three primary and secondary schoolchildren, with non-syndromic orofacial cleft, and their parents answered the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) questionnaire. Concordance between caregivers' and children's reports was low to moderate. Parents/caregivers had worse perceptions of OHRQoL compared to that of their children, peer interaction and functional well-being domains being statistically significantly different (p = 0.033 and p = 0.005, respectively). Cleft type, gender and parents' country of origin seemed to be potential contributing factors of disagreement. Parents overestimated the impact of unilateral (p = 0.047) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (p = 0.021) on OHRQoL, and they rated more poorly than their male children did. Italian parents were more concerned about the functional well-being of their children (p = 0.014), and foreign parents about peer interaction (p = 0.010) and school environment (p = 0.012) dimensions. These findings suggest that parental assessment of OHRQoL cannot replace that of school-aged children, but they are complementary as they cover different, but equally relevant perspectives.

Validation of the French version of COHIP-SF-19 among 12-years children in New Caledonia

BackgroundAssessment of oral health-related quality of life is now associated to clinical indicators in epidemiological studies. This study aimed at validating the French Short Form of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-SF-19) and assessing the impacts of oral diseases among schoolchildren in New Caledonia (NC).MethodsA sample of 12-years-old children (n = 971) was selected in 2019 in NC using a random, stratified, and clustered sampling technique. Children filled the French COHIP-SF-19 questionnaire. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, perception of oral health problems were also collected through self-administered questionnaires or from the schools’ database. Dental status (dental caries, gingival status, and dental functional units) was clinically recorded at school by four calibrated examiners. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Kruskal–Wallis tests and spearman correlations were used along with multilevel mixed models taking into account the cluster and examiner effects. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsAmong the 693 children examined, 557 children were included. Oral diseases were frequent in the study population 40% had dental caries and 55% presented gingivitis. The COHIP scores ranged from 7 to 76 (57.9 ± 9.96) with 96.4% of the children having experienced oral health problems, 81.7% reporting functional impacts and 90.5% socio-emotional impacts. Overall, the French COHIP-SF-19 showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80) and reproducibility excellent (ICC = 0.9). Discriminant and concurrent validity were adequate. Indeed, children with less optimal social situation, impaired dental status, declaring severe dental problems or difficulties in accessing oral health care showed lower COHIP-SF-19 scores. Factor analyses suggested a four-component structure with identification of a new domain (self -image) and changes in the repartition of the items within the original domains. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results for children with partial or complete answers in the COHIP questionnaire.ConclusionsThe French COHIP-SF-19 showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and allowed to identify the high impacts of oral diseases in New Caledonian children, namely for socially deprived children.

Dental Fluorosis and Its Associated Factors Amongst Libyan Schoolchildren

BackgroundLittle is known about dental fluorosis (DF) in Benghazi, Libya, where the public water supply is naturally fluoridated. ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the distribution of DF and its related risk factors and impact on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the association between DF and caries amongst Libyan school children. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Benghazi. Dean's and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMF) indices were used to assess the severity of DF and dental caries. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and behavioural information and OHRQoL using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile–Short Version 19 (COHIP-SF19). ResultsOut of 1125 children who participated in the study, 15%, 7.8%, 2.2%, and 0.4% of participants were coded as having questionable, mild, moderate, and severe DF, respectively. Children enrolled in private schools were less likely to have DF (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.83; P = .007). Moderate-severe DF was associated with more decayed surfaces and DMF scores and low scores for COHIP-SF19 and its socioemotional well-being subscale. ConclusionsThe data demonstrate that rates of DF are relatively low in naturally fluoridated areas in Libya. DF amongst Libyan schoolchildren was associated with social disparities, higher caries rates, and negative impacts on OHRQoL.

Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life among Non-Syndromic School-Age Children with Orofacial Clefts: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the influence of orofacial clefts on the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a group of Italian children and adolescents and to examine whether gender, age, cleft type, and surgical protocol were associated with patients’ OHRQoL. A total of 71 patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP) and 71 age- and gender-matched controls (aged 8 to 18 years) were asked to complete the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), a validated and reliable questionnaire to assess self-reported OHRQoL in children and teenagers. Children with orofacial clefts showed statistically significant lower quality of life scores than controls for total OHRQoL and for each of the subscales. Gender, the type of cleft, and the type of surgical protocol had no significant influence on OHRQoL. The negative impact of CLP on the area of self-image was greater in 12–18-year-olds, indicating a higher need for psychosocial counselling. These findings suggest that Italian CLP children and adolescents experience a poorer OHRQoL in comparison to their non-cleft peers.

Oral health-related quality of life in patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence.

To compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence versus ahealthy control group using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-G19). Factors such as age, gender, and cleft type were considered. Over an8-month period, the OHRQoL was surveyed by using the COHIP-G19 questionnaire. Included were patients with acraniofacial disorder (n = 61; average age 11.24years) and ahealthy control group (n = 70, average age 12.63years) for a total of 131 patients (average age 11.99years) from the Department of Orthodontics University Hospital Tübingen, Germany. These were divided into two age groups (6-11years; 12-18years). Statistically, patients with acraniofacial disorder presented asignificantly lower OHRQoL than the control group (p = 0.0055). In the craniofacial disorder group, older patients revealed asignificantly (p = 0.005) lower OHRQoL than the younger patients. Female patients showed in nearly all groups abetter OHRQoL than male patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Males with acraniofacial disorder scored significantly lower than males without (p = 0.016); females showed no differences between the groups. Visibility, location, and severity of the craniofacial malformation did not have asignificant influence on the OHRQoL. The occurrence of a craniofacial malformation impacted the OHRQoL especially in older and male affected patients, unrelated to the expression level or localization. An early instruction about oral health, rehabilitation and functional training should be considered in therapy.