Child Dental Patients Research Articles

Knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the use of behaviour management techniques for paediatric dental patients.

Understanding children's behaviour and development is crucial in managing and treating paediatric dental patients. Dental practitioners are expected to be aware of the behaviour management techniques which will facilitate routine dental treatment of the child dental patient.

Knowledge of and Attitudes toward COVID-19 among Parents of Child Dental Patients during the Outbreak - A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: COVID-19 had affected 1,393,797 people worldwide by April 7, 2020, according to the data from the China CDC and other authoritative institutions The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes among parents of child dental patients in Bareilly during the outbreak in February 2020. Methodology: Our cross-sectional study was carried out from February-March 2020 to June 2020, and both convenience sampling and snowball sampling (the participating players were asked to forward the questionnaire to their colleagues) were used so that maximal participation could be ensured. Results: The mean age of the parents was 36.84 ± 0.332, and the mean age of the children was 8.48 ± 0.170. Of the children, 672 (60%) were female, and 538 (44%) were male. Majority of mothers between the age group of 25-35 had the fear of the spread of virus from someone in the clinic. This difference is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: More effort should be directed toward informing the public that some measures can be taken to avoid contamination in dental offices and that urgent cases can be treated with lower risk.

Use of universal behavior management techniques for child dental patients by final year dental therapy students in Enugu, Nigeria

Background: Behavior management techniques are employed to allay fears and to ensure maximum cooperation during the course of treatment of children. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and use of universal behavior management techniques (UBMT) for children by final year dental therapy students in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 167 final year dental therapy students attending Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy (FCDTT), Enugu, Nigeria. Data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and use of the UBMT were collected using questionnaires. Reasons for choice of techniques were also collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA), and the effect of all significant factors was inferred at P < 0.05. Results: Students aged 19 to 29 years participated in the study, and the mean age was 22.65 ±2.47years. More females (111 [66.5%]) than males (57 [33.5%]) participated in the study. Many (110 [65.9%]) of the final year students were aware of the “tell-show-do” technique, whereas a few (26 [15.6%]) were aware of the “desensitization” technique. Many (110 [56.9%]) also used the “tell-show-do” technique, whereas seven (4.2%) used the desensitization technique. There was significant association between age, use of the “positive reinforcement” technique (P = 0.02), and “ease of use” as a reason affecting the choice of UBMT (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Most final year dental therapy students were aware of UBMT, but there was a varied level of knowledge of the different techniques among them. “Tell-show-do” was the most common technique known and it was used by the study participants. Age was associated with use of the “positive reinforcement” technique, whereas “ease of use” affected the choice of UBMT.

Auxiliary Aids to Alleviate Pain and Anxiety during Local Anesthesia Administration: A Comparative Study.

IntroductionIn dentistry, pain and anxiety have been the most challenging aspect in the management of a pediatric patient. When every effort to perform local anesthesia (LA) is not successful, the result would be more stressful for both the dentist and the patient. The so-called clichéd paradigm that “pain and dentistry are inseparable” can be resolved by updating the knowledge and skills of the practitioner by using the more advanced techniques in controlling and managing the pain. An array of techniques for administering the LA to improve the comfort level of our patients has been the area of interest.Aim and objectiveTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of various adjunctive aids of LA in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients of the 6–8 years age-group. A total of 90 child dental patients were selected and randomly divided into six groups, i.e., control, topical gel, audio, audiovisual, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), and Vibraject group. Physiological parameters, psychological parameters, and pain assessment were recorded.ResultsAs reflected by the results, the minimum pulse rate “during” and “after” LA administration is seen in A/V (D) and TENS (E) “during” LA administration. Children were less anxious and more relaxed in the audiovisual group and TENS group. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and Vibraject groups showed maximum reduction in pain.ConclusionA/V (D) and TENS (E) groups exhibited the least anxiety. Also, the minimum pain was felt using TENS (E) and Vibraject (F) and hence, may be considered as adjunctive aids in pain reduction during LA administration.How to cite this articleMidha V, Midha V, Dua R, et al. Auxiliary Aids to Alleviate Pain and Anxiety during Local Anesthesia Administration: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):104–108.

A survey into parent's outlook to child's oral health checkup during COVID-19: A safe endeavor or a dangerous escapade in crisis time

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of and evaluate the attitude regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients visiting the pedodontics department of dental hospital in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A structured multiple-choice questionnaire containing 16 questions was distributed among the parents of a child (5–14 years) who visited in the department of pedodontics in our hospital. Three hundred and fifteen parents participated in this study and consent was taken from all of them. Chi-squared test for multiple comparisons was used to compare pooled questionnaire responses by age group, education level, and gender. Results: 57.14% of the participants were found to be very well aware of this pandemic situation and 54.28% of them talk to their children regarding this very often. 37.14% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 40% said they will take their children to the dental department again if the children have any dental problem. 57.14% said that there is a chance of their children get infected from the armamentarium that is used for treatment; and 41.91% of them said that they had taken well care of the oral health of their child to avoid visiting a dentist. Conclusion: More knowledge about this pandemic should be delivered to the parents and more reassuring information regarding the preventive measures at dental set up should be delivered to the parents of this population.

Knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19 among parents of child dental patients during the outbreak.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population.

Dentist's skills of behavior management: A study of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in managing child patient

Context: Dental specialists are relied upon to analyze and deal with all the dental diseases successfully that is inside the information and abilities procured during dental education. However, with regard to child patients, the dentist plays a unique role. Yet, without legitimate conduct of behavior management technique (BMT), there would not be successful treatment outcomes. Aim: Therefore, the study aimed to explore dental specialist's skills in dental fear and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental professionals in West Bengal giving treatment to pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists working in West Bengal providing treatment to pediatric patients. A structured English questionnaire intended with the end goal of this investigation was utilized. The gathered information comprises awareness and application of various BMTs while attending a child dental patient among dental practitioners; their sociodemographics; the level of professional training; working experience; faculty profile furthermore their perspectives concerning the improvement of practicing. Utilizing SPSS program version 18, frequency distributions and cross-tabulations analyses were performed. Results: Younger dentists were more aware (82.8%) about universally applied BMTs as compared to older (75%) (P = 0.6855). “Tell show do” were considered to be the most preferable technique (81.8%) and “Parental presence and absence” was the second most preferred technique (73.8%). Conclusion: As the degree of adequacy were marked “average” by the dental specialist in treating child patients. Subsequently, dental education ought to incorporate guidelines and techniques to prepare the impending dentists for an amazing practice in pediatric dentistry.

Parental Preference for Parental Separation and Their Satisfaction Regarding Their Children Dental Treatment in Pediatric Dental Clinics in Saudi Arabia.

Aims and Objectives:Behavior management of child dental patients is essential for the provision of high-quality dental care and is influenced by parental preference. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess parental satisfaction regarding dental treatment and different behavior management methods used with their children in a pediatric dental specialty setting at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In addition, it aimed to assess parental preference for parental separation and factors related to their preference.Materials and Methods:All parents of children attending the pediatric dental clinic at KAUDH in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from September 2017 to June 2018 were included in this study. They were interviewed over the phone and were asked to complete a questionnaire on their acceptance of the behavior management techniques used with their children and their satisfaction with the treatment provided.Results:Of 549 parents, 283 agreed to participate (51.5% response rate). In 254 (89.7%) cases communication and communicative guidance were used, whereas 38 (13.4%) cases involved the use of N2O. Parental separation was preferred by 68 (24%) parents, and not preferred by 215 (76%). No significant relation was anticipated between the covariance and the dependent factor of parental preference (P > 0.05). The main reason for parents not preferring parental separation was “safety and protection,” as reported by 106 parents. On the contrary, the main reason for parental preference for separation was to “improve child’s behavior.”Conclusion:Parental satisfaction with the treatment outcome and behavior management methods was found to be acceptable. Most parents did not prefer parental separation, primarily because of concerns regarding safety and protection.

A study of parental presence/absence technique for child dental behaviour management

To examine the effectiveness of parental presence/absence (PPA) technique on the dental behaviour management of children. This randomised control study recruited 61 child dental patients with uncooperative behaviour (Frankl 1 or 2) managed with AAPD-endorsed non-pharmacological techniques at a post-graduate university clinic. PPA was only used in the test group (31 children). Using a mini video-tape device, recording commenced at the onset of uncooperative behaviour and this was later rated, minute by minute, by a blinded experienced paediatric dentist. Data were analysed with SPSS v.13.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Log Rank analysis were also performed. The mean point in time, after behavioural problems commenced that PPA or alternatives were applied was 1.82±1.04min. Behaviour improvement (technique success) was shown by 65.6% of all children. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in age, gender, mean Frankl score, in Frankl score 2min before/after technique application or regarding the time point at which the technique was first applied. Behaviour improvement was seen in 17 patients (54.8%) in the PPA group and in 23 patients (76.7%) in the control group. PPA applied to various dental sessions as a behaviour management technique showed no advantage over other basic, non-pharmacological techniques.

Factors that determine child behavior during dental treatment

In this review paper we wanted to summarize all the aspects which could affect the behavior of the child patients in the dental office. At the beginning, the factors that are related to the child patients are mentioned. Various segments of child psychological, cognitive, physiological and other kinds of development are discussed. Also, the reasons for dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behavior problems (DBP) were analyzed, and how the child dental patients could cope with them. Finally, types of patients according to their behavior in the dental office were discussed. Furthermore, the influences of child patients' parents were studied, including parenting styles, as well as factors related to dentist, dental team and the dental office. Finally, critical evaluation of administration of assets to measure the presence of DFA and DBP is provided. Every part of the text was corroborated by the results from our own and other authors ' recent bibliography data.

Child dental patient accompanying person: A cross-sectional study

Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among patients attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between June and November 2014. Data collected include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status of the patient, accompanying person, period of visit (school calendar period, holiday period, or school public holiday), appointment time (morning or afternoon), and type of dental treatment (emergency visit, routine dental treatment, new patient assessment, and follow-up visit). Results: Data of 385 pediatric dental visits of children aged 0.18-16 years with a mean age of 8.57 ΁ 3.99 years were recorded and analyzed. The majority of the participants were Edo State indigenes, females (56.4%), aged 6-12 years (57.1%), and of high socioeconomic status. The majority (60.8%) of the children were accompanied by their mother. Both parents were the main accompanying person of children aged 0-5 years, nonparents for the indigenous children, and fathers in emergency visits. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed mothers as the dominant child dental patient accompanying person. There existed a statistically significant difference among accompanying person, age of patient, ethnicity, and type of treatment.

Pain-related pediatric dental attendance in a Nigerian dental clinic

Objective: To determine the characteristics of children presenting with pain at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among consecutive patients attending the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Chi-square test was used in comparing proportions, and statistical significance was set at P Results: A total of 193 child dental patients aged between 2 and 16 years with a mean age of 9.00 ± 3.91 years were studied. The majority of the participants were females (61.1%) aged 6–12 years (57.5%), indigenous people (64.2%), of high socioeconomic status (69.4%), and their mother had a tertiary education (63.2%). More than three-quarters (84.5%) of the participants reported tooth-related dental pain. Participants of middle and high socioeconomic status and those whose mothers had more than primary education significantly had more tooth-related pain. The primary diagnosis was mainly dental caries and its complications. The main treatment rendered includes extraction, root canal treatment, pulpectomy, and scaling and polishing. There was a significant association between age, main diagnosis, and treatment rendered. Conclusion: Tooth-related pain which is the predominant dental pain in this study was significantly lower in children of lower socioeconomic status and whose mothers had lower educational attainment.

KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PARENTS TOWARD CHILD’S ORAL HEALTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to understand the dental knowledge and responsibility of the parents toward child’s oral health in a dental office.Methods: A questionnaire (Annexure A) was distributed to 200 parents who came to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Parent’s informationregarding dental knowledge, responsibility taking, and knowledge regarding child’s oral health was collected with the aid of the structuredquestionnaire.Result: The results showed that the dental knowledge of parents is lower than that of the experts. Parents mentioned that fluoride has less importancein enamel protection (p=0.87) than the experts (p&lt;0.001). Almost 100% of the parents were engaged in the daily assistance of tooth brushing fortheir children. However, child’s diet control is poor. Nearly 26% of the parents have no control of sweet consumption for their child. About 45% of theparents have no control of biscuits consumption for their child. Moreover, 22% of the parents of uncooperative child dental patients mentioned thatit is a dentist’s responsibility for the unwillingness of the treatment and treatment refusal stated by the child.Conclusion: This study showed that the parents have poor dental knowledge and are not responsible for their child’s oral health. They do not maintainproper dietary habits for their children which may lead to the increased incidence of caries in childhood. Hence, there is a need for increase in dentalknowledge of the parents to maintain a proper oral health of their children.Keywords: Parental behavior, Parental dental knowledge, Child’s behavior.

Trends in dental treatment of children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Utilization of oral health services by children is dependent on factors related to the children, parents, and health facilities. Availability of dental personnel (skills) and facilities are very essential for optimal dental care. The aim was to assess the trends in service provision to child dental patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A 5 years (2009-2013) retrospective review of clinical records of pediatric dental patients aged 0-16 years was carried out at the Child Dental Health Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The following information was obtained from the records: (i) The period of the procedures, (ii) demographic characteristics, and (iii) the procedures done. The information was collated and analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Results: There were 1692 children treated during the study period; comprising 905 (53.5%) females and 787 (46.5%) male and their mean age was 8.4 (±3.9) years. Most (550 [31.2%]) of the dental procedures were carried out in 2013. In the study period, March and April had the least (4.3%) and most (11.5%) dental procedures, respectively. Tooth extractions and minor surgical procedures represented one-third (33.3%) of the procedures carried out. Preventive procedures were more frequently performed during school vacations while emergency procedures were done when schools were in session. There was a decline in tooth extractions from 2011 to 2013 while there was an increase in preventive procedures. Conclusion: Dental services were more utilized during school vacations, and there was an increase in utilization of preventive dental procedures as a result of increasing oral health awareness.

Use of general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry: barriers to discriminate between true and false cases.

The use of general anaesthesia (GA) has shown significant increase in child dental patients. This study aimed to assess whether behaviour management strategies can be the effective methods for decreasing the need for GA and its over-utilisation in paediatric dentistry. The patients (n = 240) aged 3-6 years old were selected from referrals by paediatric dentists (PD) or general dentists (GD) for dental treatment under GA. Each child's behaviour during first and subsequent appointments was assessed using the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. A first visit included clinical examination and fluoride therapy. In all sessions, a hierarchy of anxiety-reducing behaviour guidance strategies was implemented over nine steps in a logical treatment order. Overall, 47.5% of children referred for dental treatments under GA were retrained to be treated routinely. False referrals were significantly higher in GD compared to PD group. 80.0% of the referred children by PD and 6.7% of those referred by GD were true GA cases and still needed GA. 20.1% of retrained children and 67.4% of true GA cases received conscious sedation. There was no significant change in the frequency of children considered uncooperative as the years of experience increased among GD, while this value was significant for PD. The findings may highlight the importance of using behaviour management techniques thoroughly prior to referring an uncooperative child for treatment under GA, and may discourage its over-utilisation. Specifically, these skill sets and their efficient practice should be improved among general dentists.

Book review: A handbook of expanded atraumatic techniques for the apprehensive child dental patient

Book review: A handbook of expanded atraumatic techniques for the apprehensive child dental patient

小児患者の家庭環境に関する心理的考察 2)小児の出生順位と性格特性

小児患者の家庭環境に関する心理的考察 2)小児の出生順位と性格特性

小児患者の家庭環境に関する心理的考察1)両親の養育態度の一致,不一致

小児患者の家庭環境に関する心理的考察1)両親の養育態度の一致,不一致

A Retrospective Study of Paediatric Dental Patients Treated under General Anesthesia

Dental care under general anesthesia (DGA) was found to be a safe, efficient and effective quality treatment for children. Purpose: To describe the characteristics of child dental patients treated under DGA and describe the indications of the treatments and types of treatments provided. Method: The sample consisted of 40 patients treated under DGA at Department of Paediatric Dentistry of school and Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University between June 2011 and December 2012. Detailed information was collected from dental records. SPSS software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 2.5 years to 24.1 years. Males were more common than females M:F 1.5:1 .The mental retardation patients accounted for (5%) of the sample. The most common indication was inability to cooperate and accept dental treatment under local anesthesia (95%). The treatments rendered included: caries restorations (37%), root canal treatments (34%), extractions (7%), fluoride application (6%), fissure sealants (6%), indirect pulp capping (5%), stainless steel crowns (4%), pulpotomies (0.8%) and labial frenectomy (0.1%). In the follow-up visit fillings were found to be lost in 3 patients, with 2 anterior teeth and one posterior tooth. Conclusion: Caries restoration and root canal treatments were the most common treatments provided. Preventive strategies should be targeted toward children to reduce the number of healthy children receiving treatment under general anesthesia. Clinical significance: This study provides baseline information regarding the types of treatments for paediatric dental patients inWuhanand it is hoped that the data from this study will be useful for other researchers.

Effectiveness and acceptability of intravenous sedation in child and adolescent dental patients: report of a case series at King's College Hospital, London

Conscious sedation for young patients continues to be challenging. Few studies have shown positive results using intravenous midazolam when sedating young patients. This case series reports an investigation of conscious sedation using intravenous midazolam for young patients receiving dental treatment. To determine acceptance, safety and efficacy of intravenous midazolam for conscious sedation in children and adolescent patients undergoing dental treatment.Patients and methods Patients from seven to 16 years of age, ASA I, II and III, opted to have extractions, minor oral surgery and/or conservative treatment with IV midazolam and local anaesthesia. A pulse oximeter was used to monitor vital signs and the Houpt scale to assess overall behaviour. A total of 552 patients, 234 boys and 318 girls with mean ages of 13.3 years and 13.5 years respectively, were included. Three hundred and sixty-five patients (66%) claimed to be anxious or very anxious before treatment. The average dose given was 5.7 mg and dosage ranged from 2 to 10 mg. Four hundred and fifty-seven patients (83%) scored 'very good' and 'excellent' for overall behaviour. Side-effects included crying, drowsiness and amnesia. Intravenous midazolam is accepted by patients and is a safe and effective method of sedation for use in children and adolescents, producing some level of tearfulness.