Child And Adolescent Perfectionism Scale Research Articles

Perfectionism and Emotional Intelligence: A Person-Centered Approach.

This study examined the relationship between perfectionistic concerns (PC) and perfectionistic strivings (PS) with the subcomponents of emotional intelligence (EI) through a latent class person-centered approach. A sample of 1582 Ecuadorian adolescents (619 females) aged from 12 to 18 was employed. The trait meta-mood scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the child and adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS) were used, respectively, for assessing three subcomponents of EI (i.e., emotional attention, emotional clarity, and mood repair) and two perfectionist dimensions (PC and PS). A three-class solution (High perfectionism, moderate perfectionism, and nonperfectionism) was identified by using latent class analysis. High perfectionism significantly scored higher on emotional attention in comparison with the moderate and nonperfectionism classes, with small and moderate effect sizes. Overall, results suggest that people with high perfectionism might be at greater risk of developing maladaptive emotional self-regulation strategies, such as rumination, because of their tendency to excessively attend their negative mood states.

Psychometric properties of the child and adolescent perfectionism scale in ecuadorian adolescents

Background: This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) in Ecuadorian adolescent population. Methods: The study involved 1,562 students aged 12 to 18 (Mage = 14.83, SD = 1.86) from Quito (Ecuador). Data analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Satorra-Bentler scaled χ², Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Pearson's correlations, and Multigroup CFA to test factorial invariance across sex and age (configural, measurement and structural). Latent means differences were also examined across sex and age groups. Results: Results confirmed the structure of Spanish version of the CAPS with 13 items divided into three factors, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented-Striving (SOP-S). Additionally, this model remained invariant across sex and age. Significant and positive correlations were obtained between SPP, SOP-C and the three measures of psychological distress (Anxiety, Depression and Stress), whereas SOP-S showed a more adaptive pattern of association. Acceptable reliability values were obtained and latent mean differences across sex and age groups were mainly observed in the SOP-S factor. Concretely, males reported significantly higher latent mean scores than females in SOP-S as well as students aged from 14 to 18 years old in comparison with their younger peers (12- and 13-year olds). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CAPS has satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability remaining invariant across sex and age in Ecuadorian adolescents.

Perfectionism and school anxiety: More evidence about the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism in an Ecuadorian population

The purpose of this study was to examine the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism via a person-oriented approach in a sample of 1588 Ecuadorian students aged 12- to 18-years-old ( M = 14.83, SD = 1.86). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the School Anxiety Inventory (IAES) were employed. The statistical analysis included a non-hierarchical cluster analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), effect size (Cohen's d index), and bivariate and partial correlations. Four perfectionism profiles were obtained by using cluster analysis: Non-Perfectionism, Mixed Perfectionism, Pure Perfectionistic Strivings ( Pure PS) and Pure Perfectionistic Concerns ( Pure PC). Mixed Perfectionism and Pure Perfectionistic Strivings were the most maladaptive profiles whereas Non-Perfectionism was the most adaptive profile. Pure PC did not significantly differ from Mixed Perfectionism and Pure PS, with the exception of the mean scores on Anxiety about Academic Evaluation and Cognitive Anxiety. Results from bivariate and partial correlations revealed that both Perfectionistic Strivings and Perfectionistic Concerns showed shared relationships with all the dimensions of IAES. However, only Perfectionistic Concerns showed a consistent pattern of unique relationships with school anxiety. The current study provides evidenced about the importance of implementing strategies to prevent school anxiety in Ecuadorian population focused on Perfectionistic Concerns.

PERFECCIONISMO SOCIALMENTE PRESCRITO COMO PREDICTOR DEL ALTO RECHAZO A LA ESCUELA

El creciente interés en el estudio del comportamiento de rechazo a la escuela se debe a las consecuencias negativas asociadas a esta problemática. Conocer aquellas variables psicoeducativas que predicen esta conducta resulta de interés para la comunidad científica en la actualidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la capacidad predictiva el Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito sobre las altas puntuaciones en rechazo escolar. En este estudio participaron 537 estudiantes españoles entre 8 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la School Refusal Assessment Scale Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C), para medir los cuatro factores que subyacen al comportamiento de rechazo a la escuela (I. Evitar la Afectividad Negativa; II. Escapar de la Aversión Social o Evaluación; III. Búsqueda de la Atención de otras Personas Significativas; IV. Búsqueda de Refuerzos Tangibles Fuera del Ámbito Escolar), y la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), para evaluar la subescala de Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se confirma que la subescala de perfeccionismo evaluada actúa como un predictor positivo de altas puntuaciones en rechazo escolar para los factores II y III de la SRAS-R-C. Estos resultados deben ser valorados por psicólogos escolares y especialistas al evaluar la problemática del rechazo escolar siendo necesario proponer estrategias de prevención e intervención.

Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito y afecto en la infancia

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar la capacidad predictiva del afecto sobre las altas puntuaciones en Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP) durante la infancia. Se reclutó una muestra de 462 alumnos españoles de Educación Primaria entre 8 y 11 años, de los cuales un 50.08% era varones. Se empleó la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) y la 10-Item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (10-item PANAS-C) para evaluar, respectivamente, la dimensión PSP y el afecto positivo y negativo. Los resultados del análisis de regresión logística revelaron que tanto el Afecto Positivo como el Afecto Negativo predijeron significativamente altos niveles de PSP, con valores de OR de 1.03 y 1.10. Los resultados apoyaron parcialmente las hipótesis formuladas, indicando que durante la infancia, al contrario que durante la adultez, el PSP se asocia significativamente y de forma positiva con ambos tipos de afecto. No obstante, se evidenció que esta asociación era mucho más estrecha en el caso del Afecto Negativo.

Personalidad e infancia. Diferencias en función de los niveles de Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en conocer si existen diferencias en los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad (Extraversión, Cordialidad, Neuroticismo, Apertura a la experiencia y Conciencia) entre los participantes con altos y bajos niveles de Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado (PAO) en población infantil española. Se empleó una muestra compuesta por 483 alumnos entre 8 y 11 años, así como la subescala PAO de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) y el Cuestionario Big Five de personalidad para niños (BFQ-N) que evalúa los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad. Los resultados de la prueba t de Student mostraron que los participantes con altos niveles de PAO obtuvieron medias significativamente más altas en Extraversión, Apertura a la experiencia y Cordialidad que sus iguales con bajos niveles de PAO. Contrariamente, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en lo que respecta a las puntuaciones medias en Neuroticismo y Conciencia. Los resultados no coinciden con las evidencias empíricas previas, sugiriendo que la relación que se establece entre el PAO y la personalidad puede variar en función de la edad o la cultura.Palabras clave: perfeccionismo auto-orientado, personalidad, Big Five, infancia, Educación Primaria.

Socially prescribed perfectioism and personality

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and the Big Five personality traits in a sample of 804 Primary School students between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.57; SD=1.12). The SPP subscale of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-N), which evaluate the traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, were used. The mean difference analysis showed that students with high levels of SPP scored significantly higher on Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness, with small effect sizes for all cases. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in Neuroticism. Logistic regression analysis revealed that all personality traits, except neuroticism, whose results didn’t reach the statistical significance, significantly and positively predicted higher scores on PSP, with OR levels ranging from 1.01 (for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) to 1.03 (for Openness and Extraversion).

Socially prescribed perfectioism and personality

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and the Big Five personality traits in a sample of 804 Primary School students between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.57; SD=1.12). The SPP subscale of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-N), which evaluate the traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, were used. The mean difference analysis showed that students with high levels of SPP scored significantly higher on Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness, with small effect sizes for all cases. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in Neuroticism. Logistic regression analysis revealed that all personality traits, except neuroticism, whose results didn’t reach the statistical significance, significantly and positively predicted higher scores on PSP, with OR levels ranging from 1.01 (for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) to 1.03 (for Openness and Extraversion).

A combined analysis of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), and Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R): Different perfectionist profiles in adolescent high school students.

To investigate differences and similarities in the dimensional constructs of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS; Flett, Hewitt, Boucher, Davidson, & Munro, 2000), and Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001), 938 high school students completed the 3 perfectionism questionnaires, as well as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Preliminary analyses revealed commonly observed factor structures for each perfectionism questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of item responses from the questionnaires (combined) yielded a 4-factor solution (factors were labeled High Personal Standards, Concerns, Doubts and Discrepancy, Externally Motivated Perfectionism, and Organization and Order). A latent class analysis of individuals' mean ratings on each of the 4 factors yielded a 6-class solution. Three of the 6 classes represented perfectionist subgroups (labeled adaptive perfectionist, externally motivated maladaptive perfectionist, and mixed maladaptive perfectionist), and 3 represented nonperfectionist subgroups (labeled nonperfectionist A, nonperfectionist B, and order and organization nonperfectionist). Each of the 6 subgroups was meaningfully associated with the DASS. Findings showed that 3 out of 10 students were classified as maladaptive perfectionists, and maladaptive perfectionists were more prevalent than adaptive perfectionists. In sum, it is evident that combined ratings from the FMPS, CAPS, and APS-R offer a meaningful characterization of perfectionism.

Perfectionism in Adolescents: a Longitudinal Study in a Portuguese Sample

Perfectionism is a personality traitcharacterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting excessivelyhigh performance standards, accompanied by overly critical self-evaluations andconcerns regarding others' evaluations. This trait has been associated with abroad range of psychopathological conditions, starting in adolescence. In this context, prevention of its effects must start early, and the efficacyof reducing perfectionist levels in adolescents must be empirically investigated. Toanalyse, for the first time, if one session to cope with perfectionism has theeffect of reducing the levels of this trait after two and six months later. Method: 868 adolescents (610 girls),aged 15.73±1.571 years, from two secondary schools in Coimbra, Portugal, answered the Portuguese validated version of the Child and AdolescentPerfectionism Scale (CAPS). Two groups were formed: intervention group receivedone skill session oriented to reduce perfectionism (N=615); control group withoutintervention (N=253). Both groupsanswered CAPS again after two/T1 and six/T2 months. No significant differences betweengenders were found in Total CAPS, Self Oriented Perfectionism/SOP and SelfPrescribed Perfectionism/SPP. At T1 significant mean reductions were observedin SOP at the intervention group (T0= 39.58±8.554 vs. T1: 38.44±8.676 t= 3.498,p=.001) but not at the control group (T0= 40.48±8.998 vs. T1: 39.34±7.753 t=1.894, p=.061). No differences significant differences were found in Total CAPSand SPP. At T2, SOP reduction remained in the intervention group (T1=38.44±8.676 vs. T2: 38.67±8.375 t= -.640, p=.020). Adolescents are sensitive to short interventionsaiming to reduce perfectionism.

Supplemental Material for A Combined Analysis of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), and Almost Perfect Scale—Revised (APS-R): Different Perfectionist Profiles in Adolescent High School Students

Supplemental Material for A Combined Analysis of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), and Almost Perfect Scale—Revised (APS-R): Different Perfectionist Profiles in Adolescent High School Students

Perfeccionismo y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en adolescentes españoles de ambos géneros

The aim of this study was to assess the dimensions of perfectionism that are linked to risk eating behaviors in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents of both genders, and analyze the differences in these dimensions between adolescents with high and low eating disorder risk. Method: 2142 adolescents from Alicante (1130 girls and 1012 boys), mean age 13.96 years (SD = 1.34), completed the Spanish version of the The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the EAT-40.Results: Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism were positively associated with EAT-40 total score, and with the different factors that comprise it, in both genders. Adolescents with high risk of developing an eating disorder showed higher Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism than adolescents with low risk of developing the disorder. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to identify these perfectionist tendencies in adolescents before they become pathological behaviors, in order to prevent the development of an eating disorder.

Children and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Validation in a Portuguese Adolescent Sample

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS). Method: 971 Portuguese high school students (572 girls and 399 boys) answered the CAPS. The test-retest reliability was obtained with 206 participants from the total sample. Results: Internal consistency (α= .809) and test-retest reliability (r= .691) were satisfactory. Main components of factorial analysis yielded two factors, accounting for 41.44% of the total variance. Factor structure was similar to the original version. Factors were labelled as "Socially Prescribed Perfectionism" and "Self-Oriented Perfectionism". Discussion: The Portuguese version of the CAPS is a valid and useful instrument for the evaluation of perfectionism among Portuguese adolescents.

Socially Prescribed and Self-Oriented Perfectionism as Predictors of Depressive Diagnosis in Preadolescents

AbstractPerfectionism has been shown to be related to depressive symptomatology in both adult and child populations. However, there are no known studies of levels of socially prescribed (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) in nonclinical children versus those with a clinically diagnosed depressive disorder. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine SPP and SOP as predictors of depressive diagnoses in a sample of 10- to 11-year-old children. Seven hundred and eighty-six children (390 boys, 396 girls) from primary schools in low socio-economic metropolitan areas completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) as part of a larger study. Children who scored above the clinical cut-off for the CDI also completed part of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents–IV. Fifty children met criteria for a diagnosis of a depressive disorder. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict diagnostic status from SPP, SOP, gender, and intervention group. SPP was the only significant predictor of diagnostic status. Implications for the treatment and prevention of childhood depression are discussed.

How does perfectionism relate to body dissatisfaction in late childhood?

Previous research has established the association of perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in adults, an association that is likely to be of significance in the aetiology of eating disorders. This study examined the same relationship in children. Perfectionism and body dissatisfaction were assessed by the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Children's Body Image Scale (CBIS) in 136 girls and 142 boys aged between 11 and 15 from a County Durham school. As hypothesised, girls expressed greater body dissatisfaction than boys whilst contrary to prediction age was unrelated to body dissatisfaction. Maladaptive, socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) significantly predicted body dissatisfaction whilst adaptive self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) did not. Thus, children's elevated perception that others expect unrealistic standards of them is associated with concurrent body dissatisfaction.

Anorexia nervosa, perfectionism, and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4)

The dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), a well-characterized, polymorphic gene, is an attractive candidate for contributing risk to disordered eating and anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested association using UNPHASED for 5 DRD4 polymorphic loci, 3 promoter region SNPs (C-521T, C-616G, A-809G), the 120 bp promoter region tandem duplication and the exon III repeat, in 202 AN trios and 418 control families. Since perfectionism characterizes AN, we tested these five loci for association with the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) in the AN and control groups. Single locus analysis showed significant association between the 'C' C-521T allele and AN. Haplotype analysis also showed significant association, particularly a 4-locus haplotype (exon III&120 bp repeat&C-521T&A-809G). Association was also observed between DRD4 and CAPS scores both for AN and control subjects. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a), previously shown to be associated with disordered eating, were also associated with CAPS scores. Three genes associated with AN were also associated with perfectionism. Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and one of the several pathways to eating pathology may be mediated by the impact of DNA sequences on perfectionism.

Self‐oriented perfectionism in eating disorders

To assess perfectionism dimensions in eating disorders in comparison with other psychiatric disorders and subjects from the general population. The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-2), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) were administered to a group of 108 female eating-disordered patients (75 anorexia nervosa and 33 bulimia nervosa), to a group of 86 female psychiatric patients with anxiety (N = 32), depressive (N = 38), or adaptive disorders (N = 16), and to 213 healthy female participants. Both bulimic and anorexic patients scored higher on Self-Oriented Perfectionism (p < 0.001) than the other two groups but not on Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (p = 0.054). Among patients with eating disorder, 17.6% obtained a score two standard deviations higher than the mean in the healthy comparison group on self-oriented perfectionism; this percentage was significantly higher than in the other two groups. The percentage of eating disorder patients with high socially-prescribed perfectionism was similar to that found in other psychiatric disorders. Moreover, self-oriented perfectionism was a predictor of an eating disorder. Self-oriented perfectionism is more specific to eating disorders than to depressive or anxiety disorders.

The role of perfectionism and depressive cognitions in understanding the hopelessness experienced by adolescent suicide attempters.

This study examined the relation of two cognitive variables, depressive cognitions and perfectionism, to the hopelessness experienced by adolescent suicide attempters. Adolescent suicide attempters (N = 68) were administered three measures assessing cognitive characteristics commonly associated with adolescent suicidal behavior: the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire for Adolescents (DEQ-A), and the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC). Socially prescribed perfectionism on the CAPS and self-criticism on the DEQ-A were both highly correlated with HSC. Regression analyses indicated that perfectionism was significantly related to hopelessness, but this relationship was attenuated after the effects of depressive cognitions on hopelessness were controlled. Self-criticism was the cognitive variable most strongly associated with hopelessness suggesting that it is a more important focus for cognitive interventions in adolescent suicide attempters than perfectionism.