Child And Adolescent Behavior Inventory Research Articles

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis for use in Brazil (SSIPPE-Br)

ObjectiveEnuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). MethodsSix steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. ResultsValidation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett's test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. ConclusionThe SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) for use in Brazil

ObjectiveThe Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) is a cost-free 75 question-questionnaire developed by an Italian group to collect information from parents on the behavior of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. It assesses different areas of children's behavior and psychopathology, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and can be used to identify children at risk of mental disorders both in clinical and epidemiological settings. In this study, the authors present a Brazilian-Portuguese adaptation of the CABI and its psychometric properties. MethodsFirst, the authors conducted a rigorous transcultural adaptation of CABI's questions and instructions for the Brazilian context. In an online sample of 598 parents, the authors found high reliability (internal consistency) for the CABI's main subscales. ResultsValidity was supported by exploratory factor analysis (the authors found 6 factors representing several aspects of psychopathology both according to the DSM and HiTop models) and significant differences in most CABI's subscales between children with parent-reported psychopathology and typically developing ones. The present study suggests that the adapted version of CABI is a valid and reliable measure that can be used in Brazil. ConclusionsThe CABI can be useful to the pediatrician to get fast but wide information from parents on the behavioral condition of their children or adolescents, and also to decide whether it is appropriate to consult a mental health professional.

Psychopathological Risk Assessment in Children with Hyperphenylalaninemia.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare congenital disorder caused by decreased metabolism of phenylalanine determining cerebral impairments. If untreated, PKU might lead to intellectual disability, seizures and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study is to provide a characterization of the psychopathological profile of a pediatric population diagnosed with PKU at newborn screening. an accurate neuropsychological evaluation of 23 patients (aged 8-18 years) with hyperphenylalaninemia (defined as experimental group, EG) and in 23 age-matched healthy controls (defined as control group, CG) was performed using the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) and Self-Administrated Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) questionnaires. the CABI test showed significant differences for the sub-scales related to "Irritable mood", "Oppositional-provocative symptoms" and "ADHD" in the EG compared to CG (p = 0.014, p = 0.032, and p = 0.032, respectively). Patients with hyperphenylalaninemia also presented with significant differences both for anxiety disorder scale and depression scale of SAFA test than controls (p = 0.018 and p = 0.009, respectively). children and adolescents with early diagnosis of PKU showed a psychopathological risk profile characterized by an increased risk of experiencing symptoms such as mood deflection, anxiety, attention deficit, oppositional defiant behavior, and obsessive traits than healthy peers. Our findings highlighted the need of the inclusion of a neuropsychiatric evaluation in the management of these patients to improve their overall quality of life.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Validation Study of the Farsi Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI)-Parent Version.

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), recently renamed cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), is a set of behavioral symptoms that includes excessive daydreaming, mental confusion and fogginess, being lost in one's thoughts, and slowed behavior and thinking. Symptoms of SCT show overlap with a broad range of other symptoms such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention, anxiety, and depression, or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). To measure SCT, one of the optimal measures is the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI). Here, we report the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the CABI Parent Version, including the CABI SCT scale and its subscales. The participants were the parents of 209 children and adolescents (53.9% girls; ages 8-19 years; Mage = 14.23, SDage = 2.72). Parents completed the SCT, ADHD inattention (ADHD-IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), limited prosocial emotions (callous-unemotional (CU) traits), anxiety, depression, social impairment, and academic impairment scales of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI). Parents also completed four dimensions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ: emotional problems; conduct problems; peer problems; prosocial behavior), and five dimensions of the Kidscreen questionnaire (physical health; psychological well-being; autonomy and parental well-being; peers and social support; school environment). SCT symptoms demonstrated strong discriminant validity from the ADHD-IN symptoms. SCT showed stronger first-order and unique associations than ADHD-IN with anxiety, depression, and ODD, whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations than SCT with ADHD-HI, CU, and social and academic impairment. Further, SCT showed stronger first-order and unique associations than ADHD-IN with more emotional problems, peer problems, and with lower prosocial behavior, as assessed with the SDQ. Higher scores for SCT were associated with lower psychological well-being, autonomy and parental relations, and lower peer and social support, as assessed with the Kidscreen. Higher ADHD-IN scores were associated with lower peer and social support, and a lower school environment. The Farsi version of the CABI-Parent Version has very good psychometric properties for assessing SCT and other dimensions of psychopathology/impairment and replicates the findings from similar studies with children and adolescents from South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. Accordingly, the present study provides further support of the transcultural validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo construct.

Consistency and source specificity of symptom ratings for Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Scales with mother, father, and teacher ratings of Spanish children.

The study determined consistency relative to a reference source (convergent validity for nonreference sources with a reference source) and specificity for nonreference sources in true score variance in Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) ADHD-inattentive (IN), ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive (HI), sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), limited prosocial emotions (LPE), depression, anxiety, academic impairment, and social impairment scale scores. A multiple indicator by single trait by correlated (methods-1) model with indicator-specific trait factors was used to evaluate CABI scale scores with mother, father, and teacher ratings of 2,142 Spanish children (49.49% girls; ages 8-13). Mother ratings served as the reference source with father and teacher ratings serving as nonreference sources. Father with mother ratings showed substantial convergent correlations for each CABI scale (.73 to .90). Teacher with mother ratings showed a substantial convergent correlation for academic impairment (.72), strong convergent correlations for ADHD-IN (.57), ADHD-HI (.46), SCT (.52), and depression (.46), and small-to-moderate convergent correlations for ODD (.33), LPE (.24), and anxiety (.22) scales. Source independent and context-specific measures with appropriate content validity for home and school settings are required to better understand the greater variability in consistency from teacher to mother ratings. These results provide new information for the use of the CABI with multiple sources. In addition, the study indicates how a multiple indicator by single trait by correlated (methods-1) model with indicator-specific trait factors can be used to better understand multiple source ratings of child and adolescent psychopathology and adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Versus Inattention in Behavioral, Social Interaction, and Academic Performance Measures.

The main objective was to replicate data on the external validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) dimension, versus ADHD Inattention (IN), with the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT subscale [ Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños ] (Burns et al., 2015). 273 mothers and 255 fathers evaluated their 9 to13 year old children on SCT, IN and other CABI internalizing externalizing, academic impairment and social interaction measures. As hypothesized, the relationship between SCT and externalizing measures, in contrast to IN, was practically nonexistent, whereas both measures were related to internalizing and social interaction measures. Thus, the unique predictive capacity of SCT and IN was significant and similar on internalizing measures, except in the case of shyness, where SCT was better, while IN was better on externalizing measures. The data largely replicated previous results: SCT, despite its relationship with IN, is capable of predicting a significant proportion of anxiety, depression, and excessive shyness problems and, unlike IN, functions as a protective measure for externalizing problems.

Evaluación fenotípica del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): existencia de un continuo de gravedad en niños

Background: Within the study of the structure of ADHD there is an ongoing debate as to whether phenotypic differences are due to differences in the severity of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity along an underlying continuum or whether the differences reflect are qualitatively distinct subtypes with unique etiologies. Objective: To analyze whether the behaviors of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children reflect qualitatively different presentations within ADHD, variations along a single continuum of severity or different levels of severity within the representations. Method: A study was carried out through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), latent class analysis (LCA) and factor mixture models (FMM) of the ADHD phenotype according to the data collected through the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) of 632 participants (M = 10.46 years; SD = 2.35) from the city of Talca (Chile) in general population. Results: For the 16 models analyzed, it was inferred that the MFM of three factors (IN, HI and IM) and four classes, a majority with a low score (unaffected) and a minority with a high score (affected), with two very similar intermediate categories, showed the best fit. Conclusions: The FMM showed that ADHD would vary along a continuum of severity, within symptoms of the disorder from mild, to moderate, or severe, rather than existing as discrete diagnostic categories.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Scale Scores With Well-Established Psychopathology and Academic Achievement Measures in Adolescents With ADHD.

The convergent and discriminant validity of the parent version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) symptom and impairment scale scores were evaluated with the scale scores from multiple methods including a semistructured diagnostic interview, rating scales, and an academic achievement test. Participants were 82 adolescents (70% male, 78% non-Hispanic White) aged 13 to 17 years (M = 15.01) diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (77% predominantly inattentive presentation) and parents. CABI scale scores showed moderate (rs = .42 to .49) to substantial (rs = .62 to .91) convergent correlations with scores from similar measures. CABI scale scores also showed significant discriminant validity (convergent correlation significantly larger than discriminant correlation) with the scores on the other measures. These findings provide additional support for use of the CABI in research and clinical practice, and copies of the scale and norms are freely available.

Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Turkish Children and Adolescents.

The internal and external validity of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) relative to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) was evaluated with Turkish children and adolescents. Parents completed the SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), callous-unemotional (CU), anxiety, depression, social impairment, and academic impairment scales of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) on 1015 Turkish children and adolescents (56% girls; ages 6-15years; Mage = 10.05, SDage = 2.32), including 762 recruited from the community and 253 recruited from outpatient psychiatric clinics. SCT symptoms demonstrated excellent internal validity with the ADHD-IN symptoms. SCT symptoms also showed invariance across boys and girls as well as across community and clinical samples. SCT showed stronger first-order and unique associations than ADHD-IN with anxiety and depression whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations than SCT with ADHD-HI, ODD, and academic impairment. SCT and ADHD-IN showed equal associations with CU behaviors and social impairment. The current study is the first to support the validity of CABI SCT scores with Turkish children and adolescents and also replicates the findings from similar studies with children from South Korea, Spain, and United States. These findings thus further strengthen the transcultural validity of CABI SCT scale scores.

Assessing sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD inattention in elementary students: Empirical differentiation, invariance across sex and grade, and measurement precision.

To advance the research examining the sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) construct, a key priority has been to develop assessment tools that are reliable and valid. The current study builds upon existing work by conducting the most thorough psychometric evaluation to date of the teacher-reported Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention (ADHD-IN) modules in a large sample of elementary students. Participants were 7,613 students (Grades 2-5; 50.3% boys) attending 24 elementary schools in 3 school districts. Teachers (N = 398) provided ratings of SCT, ADHD-IN, academic impairment, and social impairment. An a priori 2-factor model with cross-loadings found the SCT items to demonstrate excellent structural validity with ADHD-IN items. The measurement properties of the SCT and ADHD-IN constructs were also invariant across sex and grade. SCT and ADHD-IN were both uniquely associated with academic and social impairment. Graded response item response theory analysis indicated that the SCT and ADHD-IN scales provided a high level of information and precision. The current study replicates and extends previous research and provides the strongest psychometric evidence to date of teacher-rated SCT using the CABI. The teacher-report CABI may be especially useful in the school-based screening of SCT and ADHD-IN. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Early Detection of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: The Parent Questionnaires.

Introduction:Early detection of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents is relevant. For this purpose, the use of questionnaires completed by parents is applicable. Parent questionnaires are also useful preliminary support to the clinical investigation.Methods:Validated tools for the analysis of behavioral and emotional problems suitable for school-age subjects are analyzed in their characteristics and possibilities of use.Results:The following are the main characteristics of the instruments examined. The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory 4&5, Parent Checklist (CASI-4&5) and Behavior Assessment System For Children - Parent Rating Scales 2&3 (BASC-2&3) include a high number of questions, with exploration extended to almost all possible pathologies.The Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL) has less items (113), but only 48 refer to DSM pathologies. The use of CASI, BASC and CBCL carries a cost because they are copyrighted.The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) has 35 items, but only 17 have a reference to 3 clinical areas. The Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDA) is very short (25 items) and concerns only the main externalizing and internalizing disorders. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) has 75 items and explores a wide range of psycho-pathological issues, likewise CASI and BASC. PSC, SDA and CABI can be used free of charge.Conclusion:The comparison of the characteristics of the aforementioned questionnaires can guide the psychiatrist and the epidemiologist in choosing the most suitable tool for what is proposed to be assessed, in relation to practicability, extension of the areas explored and costs.

Association of Foster Care and its Duration with Clinical Symptoms and Impairment: Foster Care versus Non-Foster Care Comparisons with Spanish Children

ObjectiveThe objective was to determine if Spanish foster care children and Spanish non-foster children differ on sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), ADHD-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), limited prosocial emotions (LPE), anxiety, depression, social and academic impairment measures and if the duration of foster care predicts a reduction in symptom and impairment differences between foster and non-foster care children.MethodFoster care parents of 49 children (8 to 13 years, 57% girls) and non-foster care mothers and fathers of 1776 children (8 to 13 years, 49% girls) completed the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI).ResultsFoster care children had significantly higher scores on all symptom and impairment measures than non-foster care mother and father groups (d values from 0.37 to 1.53). A longer duration in foster care (range 8 to 86 months) was also associated with significant lower scores on SCT, ADHD-IN, anxiety, depression, and academic impairment. In addition, while foster care children with a shorter duration in foster care (less than medium months) had significantly higher scores than the non-foster care groups on all measures (d values from 0.66 to 2.25), children with a longer duration in foster care did not differ from the non-foster care groups on anxiety, depression, ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, LPE, social and academic impairment.ConclusionsAlthough foster care children had elevated psychopathology and impairment scores relative to non-foster care children, a longer stay in foster care was associated with the elimination of the difference on most symptom and impairment measures.

Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI): Standardization for Age 6-17 Years and First Clinical Application.

Background:The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) is a questionnaire designed to collect information from the parents of children and adolescents, both for the preparation of screening and epidemiological studies and for clinical evaluation. It has been published in CPEMH in 2013, with the first data on 8-10 years old school children.Here we report an extended standardization on a school population 6-17 years old and the first results of the application in a clinical sample.Methods:Parents, after giving their informed consent, answered to the questionnaire. Complete and reliable data were obtained from the parents of 659 school children and adolescents 6-17 y.o., with a balanced distribution of gender.Moreover, in a population of 84 patients, the results with the CABI were compared with the clinical evaluation and the CBCL.Results:In the school population, scores were different in relation to gender and age. The values of externalizing disorders were higher in males, with the highest values for ADHD in the 6-10 y.o. children. On the contrary, the scores of internalizing disorders and of eating disorders tended to be slightly higher in females.In the clinical population, scores at the CABI were in agreement with the clinical evaluation in 84% cases for depressive symptoms (compared to CBCL 66%), 53% for anxiety symptoms (CBCL 42%) and 87% for ODD (CBCL 69%), differences, however; without statistical significance (chi square).Conclusion:The study obtained normative data for the CABI and gave information of the behavioral differences in relation to age and gender of the school population as evaluated by parents/caregivers. Clinically, the CABI provided useful information for the clinical evaluation of the patient, sometimes with better agreement with the final diagnosis compared to the CBCL.