Chief Assistant Research Articles

Effect of Employee Participation and Patient Focus Approaches in the Scope of TQM on Hospital Performance

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of employee participation and patient focus, which are included in the total quality approach of 33 private hospitals within the borders of Ankara, on the performance of the hospital. Accordingly, relational screening model was used in the research. The universe of the research consists of senior managers such as chief physicians, chief assistants, hospital managers, hospital manager assistants, quality coordinators of 33 private hospitals actively serving within the borders of Ankara. Interviews were made with 308 hospital senior managers. Questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in quantitative research methods. In the research, face-to-face interviews were made with hospital managers. SPSS20 program was used in the analysis of research data. Introductory characteristics of hospital managers are shown with frequency and percentage. Participants' assessments of the scales are indicated with the mean and standard deviation. In the research, the effect of employee participation and patient focus on hospital performance within the scope of total quality management (TQM) was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis. The research data were evaluated within the 95% confidence interval. As a result, it was determined that employee participation and patient focus practices within the scope of TQM played an active role on hospital performance and positively affected them. In the study, they stated that private hospital managers gave high scores for employee participation and patient focus dimensions and that these processes were followed in their hospitals. In addition, administrators expressed a positive opinion about the performances of private hospitals.

The effect of new preoperative preparation method compared to conventional method in complex acetabular fractures: minimum 2-year follow-up.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the new method including 3D printing-based preoperative planning, surgical workshop, and contouring of the plate versus conventional method in the surgical treatment of complex acetabular fractures. We retrospectively analyzed the data in a cohort of 88 patients of complex acetabular fracture with mean 29.95 ± 4.84months (24-41months) follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisting of 41 patients were performed previewed surgery with a 3D printing-based pre-contoured plate on a 3D printing model. Group 2, comprised of 47 patients, were treated by the traditional contoured plate technique. The quality of reduction was assessed using criteria described by Matta. Functional outcome was evaluated using Modified Postel Merle D'Aubigne score. A custom-made quiz was used to evaluate the chief assistant. The study showed no significant differences in measured preoperative variables except for the age between the Group 1 and Group 2 (p > 0.05). Compared with the Group 2, the intraoperative blood loss, operative time was significantly decreased in Group 1 (p < 0.05). There were no significant statistical differences in the quality of reduction and Modified Postel Merle D'Aubigne score (p > 0.05). The result of evaluation of assistant in Group 1 was significantly high than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). 3D printing-based pre-contoured plate is a more effective and reliable method than traditional contoured plate technique for treating the complex acetabular fractures. Meanwhile, the 3D printing is a useful orthopedic surgical education tool which can improve the understanding of the complex acetabular fracture for a young surgeon.

Lettere inedite di Elio Vittorini negli archivi svizzeri (1942-51)

This article examines the ties that Elio Vittorini had with various German intellectuals and publishers during World War II. Of central importance among these figures is Werner Haftmann, who until 1940 was chief assistant of the German Art History Institute in Florence and subsequently translated Conversazione in Sicilia [Conversations in Sicily] for Steinberg Verlag in Zurich. A file housed at the Swiss Federal Archives in Bern contains correspondence between Vittorini and Selma Steinberg, who together with her sister managed the family publishing house. The letters shed light on their relationship, as well as on other events, such as the Italian translation of Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls and the dispute with Silone fomented by the Swiss press and then assuaged by Franco Fortini. The appendix contains further correspondence from the University of Milan’s Vittorini Archive, including letters from Vittorini to Selma Steinberg, as well as those to Federico Hindermann, the translator of Vittorini’s works into German.

Kenneth Hugh-Jones

Kenneth Hugh-Jones (“H-J”) was the son of Evan Bonnor Hugh-Jones CB. He was educated at Uppingham School and trained in London. His house staff appointments were spent in Poole, Dorset....

Bak by Sietse de Vries

reviews Sietse de Vries. Bak. Ljouwert, Netherlands. Friese Pers. 2012. isbn 9789033002625 In this slim novel, Sietse de Vries continues to play with variations on the crime-novel formula. In Kugels foar Kant (see WLT, Oct. 2003, 126), the detective in search of the murderer is himself murdered. In Potstro Fongers (see WLT, Mar. 2010, 62), neither the motive for the crime nor its perpetrator is ever discovered. In Bak, the reader knows both the motive and the perpetrator from the start, but the police and the public remain in the dark. Obviously, the author is playing with the reader as well. Here the tension is not so much whether the guilty will be discovered as it is when and how. The guilty one in this case is Sherp Bak, who has little to show for his fifty years of life. Bak has been an underachiever since childhood, now stuck in an undistinguished twenty-year career as a newspaper reporter. More or less accepting of his unremarkable life, he cannot, however, tolerate others’ view of him as a loser. Thus when Remco Beets, an arrogant city councilman, half drunk, begins to assault him with physical and verbal abuse, Bak fights back. When Beets tells him that he’s the laughingstock of Frisian journalism and contemptuously spits in his face, it triggers a violent rage that makes him grab Beets’s head and bang it against the floor so hard and often that it kills his antagonist. Deftly, Bak clears the scene of all criminal evidence, and deftly De Vries turns his killer-reporter into a journalist assigned to the murder case. Ironically, Bak gains public stature as he manages to “discover” background details that point to possible mafia involvement. De Vries fools the reader, who expects that surely this time Bak will be unmasked. Instead, the police, impressed by Bak’s sleuthing ability, recruit him as their chief assistant in the expanding criminal investigation. No doubt De Vries is aware that he’s straining the reader’s credulity, an otherwise serious flaw in a detective novel. An underachieving reporter who turns into a star by becoming a killer and a betrayer of his profession without raising the suspicion of colleagues or police may make for delicious irony but hardly for a challenging engagement by the serious reader of crime novels. For the appreciative reader of Sietse de Vries, however, the treat of an entertaining page-turner is enough. Henry J. Baron Calvin College Tamas Dobozy. Siege 13. Minneapolis, Minn. Milkweed. 2013. isbn 9781571310972 In Tamas Dobozy’s previous book, Last Notes and Other Stories (see WLT Nov. 2006, 55), Hungarian survivors of World War II are judged because they failed “to gaze back in recognition , and use the remorse that gaze should have occasioned against the illusions that comforted and rotted them for the rest of their lives.” In Siege 13—the siege is that of Budapest by Russian forces in 1944–45, thirteen the number of the stories—one character, speaking for many others, questions whether any of the survivors deserve a future. Even when they might, the collection as a whole allows neither characters nor readers the possibility of escaping the effect of those events or the realization that they are subject to unknowable fate. The events are horrifying enough. Several stories repeat situations in which civilians are used as human shields; bodies are crammed into doorways in Kálmán Square (known as Moscow Square under the communists and until very recently); sewers offer the illusion of the possibility of escape. At least twice, embedded in painstaking and often excruciating descriptions of those horrifying events, flames surface from ruptured gas mains to illuminate the scene, but in every story, whether it deals directly with the siege or is set in Canada decades later, physical or more often psychic undercurrents erupt to break through the characters’ attempts to forget and to reimagine themselves. Conclusions, if not resolutions, are divided between need of “the passing of trauma from one generation to another” and the recogni60 World Literature Today ...

Vision Scenes in Bernadette

The 1943 movie The Song of Bernadette names Alfred Newman as its “composer.” But his chief assistant at the time, Edward Powell, appears to have made a number of important contributions. If Newman provided the themes and harmonies with their positioning within the individual scenes, Powell worked out the scorings and registers, and at times filled out the harmonies with additional notes or counter-melodies. In this regard Newman and Powell can be considered a “team.” They also shared enthusiasms concerning composers, such as Sibelius, Wagner, or Ravel, from whom thematic ideas appear to have been borrowed, e.g. Sibelius’s “forest murmurs” (Symphony no.5) with its strangely dissonant chromaticisms, or the opulent celesta and harp effects in the first vision scene that recall Ravel’s Daphnis et Chloé. The three vision scenes are based on essentially the same thematic material, although the third brings in a quotation from Victoria’s motet “Ave Maria,” which subsequently becomes a leitmotif throughout the movie, underscoring those moments when a sacred feeling was suggested or emphasized.

Claude Neville d’Este Eastes

After qualifying in 1942, Claude (“Petal”) Neville d’Este Eastes served in the Royal Army Medical Corps, travelling to East Africa, Madagascar, India, and Ceylon. After the war he returned to...

The Hopewell Site: A Contemporary Analysis Based on the Work of Charles C. Willoughby

This book is the result of a fruitful dialogue between the living, the recently dead, and the long dead. centerpiece is a manuscript on the Hopewell site written by Charles C. Willoughby in 1892-1894. This document provides the only sane and coherent description of work done at the site by Warren King Moorehead in 18911892, and it comprises Willoughby's descriptions, drawings, and experimental replications of the artifacts recovered during that campaign. former parts were incorporated, with-as Greber and Ruhl point out-few thanks and no quotation marks, in Moorehead's report of his work, written three decades after the fact (Moorehead 1922). Willoughby's replications of Hopewell artifacts and many of his drawings of objects recovered by Moorehead have not been published previously. Moorehead made free, and only marginally acknowledged, use of a number of these drawings in his report, and Willoughby incorporated several more in his articles, most notably The Art of the Great Earthwork Builders of (Willoughby 1916). value of this publication is not merely the reproduction of an important manuscript that slid undeservedly into obscurity. Greber's knowledge of Hopewell archaeology and Ruhl's technical understanding of their material life adds substantial value. They place Willoughby's work and Moorehead's spoliation in the context of earlier (Squier and Davis 1848) and later (Shetrone 1926) excavations at the Hopewell site, and situate the whole firmly within modern Middle Woodland studies so ably undertaken by Greber and her colleagues at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and the Ohio Historical Society-a tradition best exemplified by the papers given at the Chillicothe Conference in 1978 (Brose and Greber 1979). They also locate Willoughby's experimental studies within modern material culture studies and experimental archaeology. C. C. Willoughby (1857-1943) was a craftsman, artist, and avocational archaeologist who was lured from a bucolic but seemingly lucrative life as proprietor of an art store in Augusta, Maine, by Frederick Ward Putnam of the Harvard Peabody Museum (Hooten 1943). Putnam recruited Willoughby to be an assistant in the Department of Anthropology at the Chicago Columbian Exposition. Moorehead, for his part, led one of the many teams of archaeologists Putnam had set loose to scour the New World for artifacts suitable for inclusion in the anthropology exhibits at the Exposition-materials which later became an important part of the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History. Willoughby took on the materials from the Hopewell site, and worked with them well into 1894, after the Columbian Exposition had closed and they were being transferred to the Field Museum. Thereafter, Willoughby joined the Harvard Peabody Museum as chief assistant; after several promotions he became its Director (1915-1928). Working with Moorehead's notes and collections from the Hopewell site must have tried Willoughby's patience and good humor on more than one occasion. Almost 50 years later, Glenn A. Black, in a letter to Eli Lilly, noted, on the basis of firsthand experience, that Moorehead's data are . .. not always too reliable. His inspection of collections was always hastily done and in a highly superficial manner and his notes were not always too clear (Black to Lilly 26 February 1943, Glenn Black Laboratory of Archaeology archives, Indiana University). Nonetheless, Willoughby made some sense out of Moorehead's field notes, produced detailed observations on several thousand artifacts, and illustrated several hundred of the most important pieces. results of Willoughby's labors, as the title indicated, form the core of this volume. Greber, in turn, sets Willoughby's work in the context of earlier observations made by Squier and Davis (1848: Journal of FieldArchaeologylVol. 17, 1990 345

Soviet Schools: Policy Pursues Practice, 1921–1928

Many Bolsheviks heralded the October Revolution of 1917 as the beginning of a new era in history; by 1921, however, much of this optimism had disappeared. Civil war, peasant rebellion, empty factories, closed schools, strikes in the industrial establishments that had survived, and the Kronstadt Revolt made many party members weary and cynical. A few, however, stubbornly adhered to an untarnished vision of a grand future. They could be found especially among those officials responsible for primary and secondary schools at the Commissariat of Enlightenment (Narkompros). Anatolii V. Lunacharskii, commissar of enlightenment from 1917 to 1929; Nadezhda K. Krupskaia, his chief assistant for school policy; and their colleagues still believed that they possessed the means to reshape not only the schools but also human behavior and society. While the party engineered a calculated retreat with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the state slashed the educational budget, Narkompros remained determined to challenge the present and storm the future. It did so by launching a program of sweeping changes in the content and methods of school instruction. With a faith it hoped was infectious, Narkompros assumed that teachers would follow its lead. It would not be so simple.

Robert Parr Whitfield: Hall's Assistant Who Stayed too Long

R. P. Whitfield was born near Utica in 1828. He had no formal education. He was deeply committed to natural history and joined a Utica society at 17 and bought a microscope and soon became well known as a naturalist illustrator. At 20 years of age he began working in a scientific instrument business at Utica and within a year became a partner. He caught the attention of Col. Jewett, a curator of the State Cabinet and joined the Hall paleontology group in 1856. He was Hall's chief illustrator for 10 years, gradually learning the trade and becoming Hall's chief assistant. In 1869, trouble developed over the authorship of a paper on Devonian clams and their relationship quickly deteriorated to the point that Whitfield looked for a position elsewhere, securing such at the American Museum of Natural History in 1877. Even when he left, Hall accused him of breach of contract but evidence indicates that Hall knew that he had the job in New York following the purchase of Hall's collection by the American Museum of Natural History. Whitfield became an active producer of papers on a wide variety of paleontology averaging 3-4 per year and became a major influence in Paleontology in the 1880-1900 period. He died shortly after he was retired at the age of 82 in 1910.

The making of a naturalist: Spencer F. Baird, the early years

In June 1853 Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and his close friend, Jared P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio went to Racine, Wisconsin, armed and equipped for collecting and preserving specimens of natural history. 1 In Racine their host was Philo R. Hoy, a local naturalist and friend of Kirtland's. Their collecting trip was a great success; nearly forty years later Hoy, in a letter to George Brown Goode, who had been Baird's chief assistant at the Smithsonian, provided an account of his first meeting with Baird. Hoy was surprised to see such a youthful looking person as Professor Baird was, in view of the high position he then occupied. During the trip Baird told Hoy and Kirtland about his years as a professor at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and of his many field trips with his students there. Kirtland asked if Baird had maintained contact with his students, and Baird replied that he was in correspondence with each of them, because

Dini ya Msambwa: Militant Protest or Millenarian Promise?

In May 1947 Elijah Masinde, a Bukusu from Kimilili Location in the Western Province of Kenya, was released from Mathare Mental Hospital in Nairobi. He had been certified insane when he was serving a sentence of one year's imprisonment for assaulting chief's assistants who were recruiting men for compulsory employment in connection with the war effort in 1944. The hospital authorities believed that his relatives would be able to look after him satisfactorily, provided that they realized that Elijah was mentally disturbed. Within a few months, however, he had become a prophet and acquired a large following among the Bukusu. He told the Bukusu that the time had come for the Europeans to leave and that they must return to their traditional customs, particularly those which had been condemned by the missionaries. That is the reason why Elijah named his sect Dini ya Msambwa (we will use the abbreviation DyM.), or Religion of the Ancestral Customs.

In the land of the war canoes

Edward Sheriff Curtis was a man of genius: pioneer photographer, author, and motion-picture maker. In 1914, he made a full-length f i lm--the first of its k indabout the aboriginal life of the Kwakiutl, a spectacular maritime people of the Northwest Coast, vastly different from the tribes of the mountains and the plains. Titled In the Land of the Head-Hunters, the film had a short burst of critical glory and then, for unknown reasons, faded from sight. Between 1967 and 1974 we restored the Curtis motion picture, edited the original footage, added a second track, and changed the title to In the Land of the War Canoes. During production, Edward August Schwinke, one of Curtis's chief assistants, made his own private record of the filming. With a 1903 Eastman Kodak camera, Schwinke shot Edward Curtis behind his movie camera; George Hunter, megaphone in hand, directing the actors; and the actors themse lves , re laxing be tween takes. Schwinke's photographs, combined with prints made from frames of the film itself and Curtis's own photographs of the Kwakiutl, offer an exciting view of an early ethnographic film venture.

The Mammals of Southwestern Minnesota

Ranges of the 45 wild mammals occurring in southwestern Minnesota are discussed and documented. Eight other species that either formerly occurred there or might, but have not yet been discovered, are also discussed. Seven species are recorded from southwestern Minnesota for the first time: Scalopus aquaticus, Myotis keenii, Laslonycteris noctivagans, Marmota monax, Spermophilus franklinii, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and Rattus norvegicus. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. Vol. 79 (1-2), 1976. The mammalian fauna of southwestern Minnesota is poorly known. Few published reports have dealt with mammals from this part of the Minnesota prairie lands (most mammal research conducted in the state is carried out in the northern forests). The several accounts of the mammals of Minnesota (Herrick, 1892; Surber, 1932; Swanson, Surber, and Roberts, 1945; Gunderson and Beer, 1953) have been largely based on specimens in the collection of the Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota; a collection poor in specimens from southwestern Minnesota. During the senior author's three year tenure at Southwest State University, Marshall, he was in charge of building up a representative vertebrate collection for class use and to serve as a beginning of a proposed natural history museum (SMSU). The junior author was his chief assistant and conducted a mammal survey of Redwood County. The present report summarizes information gathered in these endeavors as well as specimens in the Bell Museum (UM); The United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM); Morgan School of Biological Science, University of Kentucky (UK); personal collection, Carl H. Ernst (CHE) and records in the literature (the publication of Gunderson and Beer is abbreviated G&B, 1953). The report includes the area bordered outside by Traverse, Steavens, Pope, and Stearns counties on the north and Wright, McLeod, Sibley, Nicollet, Blue Earth, and Fairbault counties

The Career of Juan de Mijares and the Reform of Spanish Architecture under Philip II

king himself and his court architect, Juan de Herrera, played the leading r61le in its development. Herrera's career as an architect, however, has been difficult to assess, partly because many architects were employed at the Escorial and on later royal buildings, and partly because Herrera's training and later career are so atypical of Spanish practice. Not so long ago, Portables Pichel could assert that, on the basis of a careful study of the documents, Herrera never designed a single building. Pichel saw him as an amateur of architecture and favorite of Philip II who had mistakenly received the credit for the work of other architects. Other scholars, using stylistic evidence, defended the traditional view of Herrera as the greatest Spanish architect of the sixteenth century. Today, no one doubts Herrera's stature as an architect but the interpretation of the documents and analysis of his style remain a serious problem.' We do not know, for example, why Herrera remained so aloof from the practical side of architecture; and, on the other hand, it has not been possible to evaluate the contribution of his assistants to his buildings because we know almost nothing of their independent work. Some of these questions can be clarified if we understand the special conditions under which Herrera worked. The character of the Spanish architectural profession in the later sixteenth century and Herrera's peculiar relationship to it can be traced in the career ofJuan de Mijares, who served as Herrera's chief assistant for over twenty years. From the documentary evidence, we would suppose that Juan de Mijares (d. 1599) was an active, even successful, architect. He moved in the circle of architects at the royal court and the brief notices of him published by Llaguno and Portables Pichel traced his activity in the royal programs from the 1570s to the end of the century.2 In spite of this, Mijares is scarcely more than a name in the documents and not a single work has been attributed to his own designs. From the published documents, it would seem that Mijares's career was always linked to his great contemporary Juan de Herrera. The first notice of him is in 1573, the year Herrera arranged for his appointment as aparejador de las obras at Aranjuez.3 The supervisor of construction on such an important project may have done very little designing himself but Mijares was established in the royal workshops in a position just below that of the architect in charge and we can assume that he was launched on a career as a court

The Journal and Paintings of Robert Hood

The expedition to the Arctic led by Sir John Franklin in 1819-22 was a major event in Britain's resumed search for the Northwest Passage. The members of Franklin's party were the first white men to travel along the mainland shores of arctic North America; in spite of extreme hardships, they discovered and mapped 675 miles of that coastline. The story of the productive but tragic journey, in which eleven out of twenty people perished on the return trek, is well known from the official account of Franklin (1823). One of the sources used by Franklin was the journal of a midshipman, Robert Hood, the only officer to die during that expedition. ... Hood offers a well-written, very human and less formal version of the events which occurred up to the time the expedition reached the Coppermine, and also provides an important account of the life of the Cree Indians near Cumberland House. Hood's journal and paintings have just been published. (Houston 1974). ... Hood's journal reveals him as a most intelligent, perceptive young man in his early twenties. His wide range of knowledge and interests are difficult to reconcile with the fact that he completed his formal schooling and joined the navy when only fourteen years of age. His accomplishments become somewhat more understandable, however, when it is realized that midshipmen - officers-in-training - received a considerable part of their education on board ship, with stress on subjects such as navigation, Euclid and Latin. Often they had access to recent books of science in the captain's cabin. Certainly Hood's knowledge, interests and aptitudes were directed towards science, so that he came to be Franklin's chief assistant in climatological, magnetic and geodetic matters and Dr. John Richardson's chief assistant in regard to natural history collections. The assistance he rendered to Franklin is amply recorded in Franklin's journal and is evident from Hood's own account. ... The amazing accuracy of Franklin's maps therefore reflects much credit on this young midshipman. ... Hood was the first to carry out a careful magnetic survey in what is now Western Canada, measuring the dip as well as the magnetic declination. ... However, it is in the area of natural history that Hood's contribution, through his paintings, is only now apparent. ... Indeed, one could argue that Hood's watercolours are as important as his journal. The two midshipmen, Robert Hood and George Back, no doubt chosen for the expedition because of their artistic ability, were the first artists to visit the present Canadian Northwest. ... The previously unpublished paintings by Hood of birds and mammals are of some scientific importance. It must be appreciated that the natural history of the remote fur countries was, as a result of Richardson's observations as naturalist on the first two Franklin expeditions, more completely catalogued than that of any other area of the North American continent at that time, with the possible exception of the Carolinas. ... By painting some important specimens that were later lost, Hood has added further to this store of knowledge. At the time that he painted them, no less than five of the birds and one of fish were unknown to the scientific world. The black-billed magpie was the only one of the five newly-discovered birds painted by Hood which was to achieve type specimen status. ... Hood's painting of the evening grosbeak represents the first authentic record of this species anywhere. ... Hood painted two species under the name of snowbird, the snow bunting and the hoary redpoll. However, it was 1843 before C. Holboell, the Danish naturalist, recognized the much whiter specimens of redpoll from Greenland as a separate species. Finally, the round whitefish was a new species when painted by Hood at Fort Enterprize, north of Great Slave Lake, in the spring of 1821. ... After the lapse of 154 years, the following paintings of birds and mammals from Cumberland House (53° 58' N, 102° 16' W) have been published along with Hood's journal. ...

John Randolph's "Plan of Accommodations"

IN the summer of 1780 the American loyalists who had fled to Great Britain to escape the fury of their rebel countrymen were in an ebullient mood. The capture of Savannah and Charleston by British forces had restored their faith in an ultimate British victory, and southerners even began making plans to return to their American homes. The atmosphere in the London coffee houses where the exiles congregated was one of optimism. For the first time since the heady days of I776, when they had expected an easy triumph, the loyalists were certain that the rebellion would soon be crushed.1 As a result of this renewed confidence in the strength of British arms, several refugee leaders turned their attention to the problem of how to govern the colonies after the expected victory. During the preceding years these same men and others had devoted their time to the production of proposals for winning the war.2 Now that that end was seemingly accomplished, they submitted to the British ministry their suggestions for the reorganization of the colonial governments. The loyalists of course had no assurance that the administration would seriously consider their plans, but Lord George Germain, the American secretary, had on numerous occasions proved himself sympathetic to the refugees' plight. He had been the first to propose that they receive pensions during their stay in England; he had employed an exile, Benjamin Thompson, as his chief assistant; and he had several times specifically requested the advice of loyalist leaders on matters pertaining to the war.3 Therefore it was to Germain that the refugees addressed their proposals. The best known of these plans of conciliation was drafted by Joseph

Delacroix and His Assistant Lassalle-Bordes: Problems in the Design and Execution of the Luxembourg Dome Mural

During the night of May 5, 1868, the canvas of Delacroix's mural in the dome of the Palais du Luxembourg library tore loose from the masonry to which it had been fixed twenty-four years before, and crashed to the floor.1 The task of supervising restoration and reinstallation was entrusted to Pierre Andrieu who, after 1847, had been Delacroix's chief assistant on the mural projects in the Louvre, the Hotel de Ville, and Saint-Sulpice.2

Onni Pohjakallio

Professor Onni Pohjakallio, an eminent Finnish agricultural scientist, was born in Viborg in 1903. In 1929 he obtained his Master’s degree in Agriculture and Forestry and in 1934 his Doctor’s degree in this same field. In the years 1931—34 he was inspector for the state local plant husbandry trials, in 1934—45 he served as chief assistant in the Department of Plant Breeding of the Agricultural Experimental Institute, and in 1945 he was appointed professor of plant biology and pathology at the University of Helsinki. In his position as professor, Pohjakallio had a profound influence in developing the instructional and experimental programme of the Department of Plant Pathology. One of his most important accomplishments was the acquisition of the Muddusniemi Experimental Farm in Lapland (69° 05' N), where long-term field trials threw new light on the behaviour of crops in the northern regions of Finland. Another of his notable achievements was the publication of a comprehensive two-volume text-book on plant pathology. Pohjakallio’s scientific activity was extremely wide and diversifield, and he published a great number of papers dealing with fertilisation, plant husbandry, breeding, physiology, ecology and pathology. The subject of his doctoral dissertation published in 1932 was the significance of sugar as a food source of certain rust fungi. During his years as inspector of local trials he published a series of papers on fertilisation. At the Department of Plant Breeding his main subjects were clover, oats and herbage crops. In his breeding of oats he succeeded in improving the resistance of this crop to Ustilago smut. Many of Pohjakallio’s studies cleared up problems dealing with the overwintering of crops. In these studies he drew attention to the important antibiotic effect of fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms on plant pathogens, particularly on Sclerotinia trifoliorum. He also conducted extensive investigations on total whiteheads of grasses, which he believed to be due to acute starvation in the meristematic tissues of the stems. Numerous papers on the lack of energy in plant tissues and their death by starvation were published by Pohjakallio. One of the most noteworthy of Pohjakallio’s research fields pertained to the effect of phoroperiodism and day-length on plant growth in northern and southern Finland. He showed that the earlier view about the exceedingly rapid plant growth under the constant summer illumination in Lapland were too optimistic, erroneously based on the results from certain especially favourable years and on the fact that in Lapland only the most early-maturing varieties are cultivated. Pohjakallio also was an active participant in international agricultural conferences where he often delivered papers. Professor Pohjakallio had a profound influence on agricultural research in this country. Not only did he accomplish much in his own studies, but he also opened new vistas and provided stimulus for further work in many fields of agricultural science.

Excavations at Alahan Monastery: Second Preliminary Report

Excavations at Alahan Monastery were continued during the summer of 1962 for a period of exactly eight weeks, from early July until 1st September. The Director was accompanied by Mrs. Gough, and Mr. Robin Guthrie acted as his chief assistant. Messrs. Gerard Bakker and Anthony Harrison, the expedition's architects, were responsible for the survey and partial restoration of newly excavated buildings, and Miss Susan Harrison for pottery and small finds. Miss Caroline Pickard and Mr. David White were field assistants. Bayan Süheyla Keskil, Director of the Antakya Museum, acted as the official representative of the Turkish General Directorate of Museums and Antiquities. To her and to the Kaymakam of Mut the expedition is grateful for their co-operation. An average of twenty-four workmen was employed, many experienced from earlier excavations at Alahan and Dağ Pazarı, and Süleyman Yemenici was again a most efficient foreman. The number of visitors to the site showed a great increase over 1961, and if a jeep road could be built to cover the 300 metres of steep slope from the main road to the monastery, there is no doubt that this outstanding monument of the early Christian period would soon be better known and appreciated (Pl. XXXa).